Presented to: IEEE-TC, WG C revision April 13, 2015 Hyatt Regency Riverwalk San Antonio, TX. By: Hemchandra M. Shertukde, Ph.D.

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1 Fault Diagnostic Devices FDD-EPT TM or FAN-EPT TM Saving Transformers Worldwide Presented to: IEEE-TC, WG C revision April 13, 2015 Hyatt Regency Riverwalk San Antonio, TX By: Hemchandra M. Shertukde, Ph.D. 8 Professor, ECE, UHART And; President/CTO, DDI, 2015 Diagnostic Devices, Inc.

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4 Fault Diagnostic Products Transformers Submarine structures Aircraft fuselages Bridges Petroleum Tanks DDI was established in 1992 as a defense contractor Dr. H. Shertukde developed this product in 1996 and now Exclusive License for product is with DDI Services Engineering Design Field service and monitoring

5 KINDS OF SYSTEMS ON-LINE, ON-SITE - FDD-EPT Transformer is in-service, test equipment and personnel are also on site

6 Kinds of Systems contd. ON-LINE, OFF-SITE FAN-EPT Transformer and test equipment are in-service at site and test personnel off-site in remote control room SITE REMOTE OFFICE

7 Data Acquisition System System can be configured for six to sixteen channels or higher per requirement Gen 1: 2 CHANNELS (SENSORS) ISA Gen 2: 4 CHANNELS (SENSORS) PCI Gen 3: 2 CHANNELS/SENSOR PC 104 FORM FACTOR > or = 1 MHz sampling rate per channel BW: 50kHz 350kHz BW for each sensor

8 Standard X mer tank model with sensors Need to detect and locate PD co-ordinates (x,y,z)

9 FDD-EPT TM /FAN-EPT TM Innovative Approach Utilizes advanced Wavelet Transform digital signal processing techniques Passive externally located Acoustic Sensors Compact lunch-box device DDI is developing a Gold Standard for online transformer diagnostics

10 Intellectual Property Existing patent on signal processing Patent # 6,178,386 Patents pending on other systems Future additional patents on hardware and software Copyright protection on software already with DDI Exclusive License for FDD-EPT now with DDI

11 Case I 5 MVA, 33 kv three phase distribution transformer - NU PD fault location estimates were provided to the customer at the average location of [18.2, , ] inside the tank. Actual evaluation and verification of the location by customer indicated the coordinates of the failure to be at [23, , 18 ] inside the tank.

12 Case II - 30 MVA, 245/13.8 kv, Delta/Wye, Three Phase, Mobile Transformer Testimonials "...Your test pinpointed the problem very accurately in this case. We might have saved $20,000 and 5-6 weeks in shipping time..." -Mr. George Reitter, Corporate Technical Director of Delta Star, Inc. in CA, USA (1998)

13 Aluminum Crepe paper failure Saving Transformers Worldwide

14 Locations of failure pinpointed Saving Transformers Worldwide

15 Testing with shelf-top FDD- EPT

16 Pinpointed locations Saving Transformers Worldwide

17 HVDC CONVERTER TRANSFORMER 315 MVA, SINGLE PHASE, 400Y/213Y/213D Saving Transformers Worldwide

18 Failure at LV Delta connection of GSU Case III Bad flexible link surface front and back

19 FDD-EPT at the back of a Utility truck or SUV Operator at a distance of 30 from X mer

20 Case IV MVA, 3-phase, 525/18 kv, Wye/Delta, GSU Test conducted using FAN-EPT MVA, 525 kv GSU transformers monitored simultaneously One healthy Other faulty

21 Signals on several sensors monitored 24/7 by FAN-EPT

22 FAN-EPT Saving Transformers Worldwide

23 Briefcase This is our portable lunchbox -style Briefcase technology.

24 More Briefcase Pictures Saving Transformers Worldwide

25 EASY PLACEMENT OF SENSORS ON TANK No need to cross voltage barrier

26 LV Turret view Failure at the ZNOX connections

27 Failure at the cleats of OLTC lead outs

28 180 MVA, 345 kv GSU Saving Transformers Worldwide

29 Large 345 kv Transformer Saving Transformers Worldwide

30 500 kv, GSU, Single Phase, CANDU CANADA Failure detected in HV HISERCAP winding Westinghouse Design of the eighties.

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36 Advantages of Acoustic System for PD Detection and Location Can be used when Transformer is on-line & in the field Can be used when Transformer is being tested during Applied Voltage or Induced Voltage test Non-invasive and considerably safe and personnel kept far from harms way System robust enough to differentiate between actual PD and other noise

37 Transformer Failure Facts Transformer failure rate in the USA by % * 100,000 units Transformer failure rate worldwide by % * 400,000 units Recent studies by Mr. Bill Bartley, IEEE Fellow, 14 of erstwhile HSB have shown that the average failure age is 14.9 yrs vs. 25 years as traditionally envisaged ** * Transformer Asset Management A New Paradigm, Energy Central, Energy Plus, 2004 ** An Analysis of Transformer Failures, Part 1 & An Analysis of Transformer Failures, Part through 1997, By William H. Bartley, P.E.

38 Wavelet Transforms (WT) Methodology Benefits A powerful preventative maintenance tool Early detection of incipient faults avoids costly repairs and downtime Extends the life of costly transformers and minimizes premature failure Maximizes uninterrupted power generation and distribution Minimizes customer-outage minutes

39 WT Method contd. Can diagnose type and level of problem from remote or local stations Used for quality acceptance test on new transformers and generates base-line data Minimizes health & safety problems Reduces insurance costs for equipment and personnel

40 Briefcase Saving Transformers Worldwide

41 800 MVA, 161 kv, GSU, high LV currents

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44 Recent tests in Cabanatuan S.Luzon, Philippines 100 MVA Saving Transformers Worldwide

45 Das Marinas Sub-Station, Philippines, 300 MVA Auto Saving Transformers Worldwide

46 90 MVA shell Saving Transformers Worldwide

47 25 MVA, 34.5 kv Rectifier Transformers Saving Transformers Worldwide

48 PD due to Bubbles 1) Temperature onset-150 deg C 2) Signal characteristics - similar to being an arrow-head with a considerable amount of signal pile-up. BW : 100 k Hz to 200 khz 3) Sensors are typically mounted on the cover of the transformer with care to see if the electrical clearances for specific voltage levels are met and with the permission of the use/client in shop testing and linemen in the field operations. Sensor relocation to be done only by qualified individuals not by the PD testers by acoustic methods. 4) DGA gases to be simultaneously checked: are large quantities of Hydrogen. Carbon monoxide and Carbon dioxide ratio of least concern. Roger's test to be watched carefully.

49 26 MVA, 34.5 kv Rectifier Transformer PD Test during Heat Run Saving Transformers Worldwide

50 450 MVA Core type Saving Transformers Worldwide

51 UHART Go Hawks! UCONN-Go Huskies! Tel: (860) Fax: (860) DDI Tel: (860) Fax: (860) USA