Application of Satellite Communication System to Tsunami Early Warning System Satoru Ozawa

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1 Application of Satellite Communication System to Tsunami Early Warning System Satoru Ozawa Space Applications Program Systems Engineering Office Space Applications Mission Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 1

2 Today s Talk Damages of 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami Application of Next Generation Communication Satellite to Tsunami Early Warning System 2

3 Damages of 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami 3

4 Aftermath of 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami Aomori Iwate Miyagi Fukushima Otsuchi Town, Iwate Ibaraki Chiba 4

5 Damages of Telecommunication Facilities and Equipment (1/2) Relay Transmission Lines Exchange Buildings Transmission Equipment Collapsed Washed Out Telephone Poles 5 Base Station Facilities (C) NTT From Press Release of Mar 30, 2011

6 Damages of Telecommunication Facilities and Equipment (2/2) 6 (C) NTT From Press Release of Mar 30, 2011

7 JAXA s Support Activities with Communication Satellites Mar 20 Apr 24 Mar 24 May 12 WINDS ETS-VIII WINDS Provided 20Mbps services. Used for Videoconference, IP Phone and Internet. ETS-VIII Provided 768kbps services. Used for IP Phone and Internet. Disaster Area Tsukuba Space Center 7

8 JAXA s Support Activity with WINDS (Mar 20 Apr 24) Connected emergency headquarters to Internet through Tsukuba Space Center at 20Mbps. WINDS Tsukuba Space Center Internet High Definition Video Conference Iwate 8 Internet Services

9 JAXA s Support Activity with ETS-VIII (Mar 24 May 12) Provided Internet connection to emergency headquarters and evacuation centers through Tsukuba Space Center at 768kbps. ETS-VIII Satellite Tsukuba Space Center Internet Iwate Otsuchi Town Internet Access Ofunato City Miyagi 9 Onagawa Town Internet Access

10 Telecommunication Problems in Disaster Area Known from Experience Broken off mobile phone connections Earthquake and tsunami hit to wide area and washed out base stations. Lack of precise tsunami information Underestimated tsunami information was announced and corrected information was not transmitted due to unfunctioned base stations. Shortage of high speed internet connections Tsunami washed out backbone network too. 10

11 Application of Next Generation Communication Satellite to Tsunami Early Warning System 11

12 Proposals to Tsunami Early Warning Systems To transmit immediate and precise tsunami alert, we propose: Satellite mobile communication system that can transmit tsunami alert even after base station are destroyed. Satellite sensor network system that can instantaneously collect precise earthquake and tsunami information. High speed satellite communication system that braces the sensor network system from communication failure due to earthquake. 12

Sensors precipitation climate sensor avalanche sensor cliff failure senso ground slide sensor strain meter

13 Concept of Next Generation Satellite Communication System High Speed Satellite Communication Mobile Satellite Communication kbps class Observation Buoy 20 cm-class USAT Mbps class Mobile Phone kbps class Observation Sensors precipitation climate sensor avalanche sensor cliff failure senso ground slide sensor strain meter High Speed Satellite Communication System Satellite Mobile Communication System 13 Satellite Sensor Network System

14 Satellite Mobile Communication System - Satellite/Ground Synthesized Communication System - Increasing communication signal intensity Constructing disaster-resistance networks by sharing frequency with satellite. Next Generation Communication Satellite with 30m Class Antenna Ground service Ground service area Satellite service area f1 f5 f2 f5 f4 f3 f2 f4 f3 f5 f1 fill communication gaps f2 f1 Satellite service provided to f2 f4 f4 f3 f1 f3 f2 f1 f4 f3 f2 f4 f3 Switching center Providing connection between satellite and ground. Outside network By the use of large antenna, this system can transmit tsunami alerts directly to user s mobile phones anywhere in Japan. 14

Satellite Station This system reinforces JAMSTEC DONET to

15 Satellite Sensor Network System (1/3) - JAMSTEC DONET with Communication Satellite - Next Generation Communication Satellite Station This system reinforces JAMSTEC DONET to avoid transmission failure when ground network is broken. 15 Tsunami Alert

Satellite Sensor Network System (2/3) - Tsunami Observation with Communication Satellite - Next Generation Communication Satellite Swell Meter DONET Station Buoy Acoustic

16 Satellite Sensor Network System (2/3) - Tsunami Observation with Communication Satellite - Next Generation Communication Satellite Swell Meter DONET Station Buoy Acoustic Communication Sea Bottom Tsunai Sensor 16 Tsunami Alert This system can instantaneously collect tsunami information from buoys far from coasts and send a tsunami alert right after tsunami occurs.

Satellite Sensor Network System (3/3) - GPS Tsunami Meter Data Transmission Experiment - ETS-VIII NICT Kashima MODEM Earth Station Muroto Peninsula Kuroshio Firm Experimental Earth

17 Satellite Sensor Network System (3/3) - GPS Tsunami Meter Data Transmission Experiment - ETS-VIII NICT Kashima MODEM Earth Station Muroto Peninsula Kuroshio Firm Experimental Earth Station 17 Kochi National College of Technology This test will confirm if the next generation communication satellite in geostationary orbit can transmit signals directly to buoys.

Satellite Components under Development Digital Channelizer

communication traffic to disaster areas.

Forming can deform antenna beam shapes by combining phase and

18 Satellite Components under Development Digital Channelizer realizes flexible adjustment of every beam s frequency bandwidth. With this, the satellite system can concentrate and increase communication traffic to disaster areas. 30m Class Large Space Antenna can directly connect to mobile phones on the ground. Frequency Traffic to Disaster Area Frequency Digital Beam Forming can deform antenna beam shapes by combining phase and amplitude of feed beam. JAXA s existing satellites use analog beam forming. The next generation satellites employs digital version of beam forming. Beam to all Japan Beam to wide area Beam to sea lanes 18

19 Large Deployable Reflector 19

20 Concluding Remarks 20

21 Concluding Remarks From the experience of 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami, for Tsunami Early Warning Systems, we concluded the following satellite communication systems are required: Satellite mobile communication system Satellite sensor network system High speed satellite communication system For a realization of required communication systems, we are researching and developing the state of the art technologies. Especially, we have succeeded in the development of large space antenna. We strongly intend to continue in developing the new technologies for the satellite communication systems and to put the satellite systems into practical use. 21

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GNSS (GPS) buoy array in the Pacific for natural disaster mitigation. Teruyuki KATO Earthquake Research Institute the University of Tokyo, Japan

GNSS (GPS) buoy array in the Pacific for natural disaster mitigation Teruyuki KATO Earthquake Research Institute the University of Tokyo, Japan 1 (Modified from Oki & Koketsu, 2011) Historical megaquakes