E C E S I G N A L S A N D S Y S T E M S. ECE 2221 Signals and Systems, Sem /2011, Dr. Sigit Jarot

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1 1 E C E S I G N A L S A N D S Y S T E M S ECE 2221 Signals and Systems, Sem /2011, Dr. Sigit Jarot

2 Outline Course Objectives Learning Outcomes Course Synopsis Text and Supporting Books Course Instructor, Contact Info, Schedule Assessment and Previous Data

To expose students to both the time-domain and frequencydomain methods of analyzing signals and systems.

3 Course Objectives To provide an analysis skill of the continuous-time signals and systems as reflected to their roles in engineering practice. To expose students to both the time-domain and frequencydomain methods of analyzing signals and systems. To illustrate the potential applications of this course as a Prerequisite course to communication engineering and principles, digital signal processing and control system. Dr. Sigit PW Jarot ECE 2221 Signals and Systems 3

4 OBE (Outcome Based Education) Learning Outcomes After completion of this course the students will be able to: Classify, characterize and conduct basic operations of signals and systems. Analyze continuous-time signals and systems in time domain using convolution. Analyze continuous-time signals and systems in frequency domain using Laplace transform. Analyze continuous-time signals and systems in frequency domain using Fourier series and Fourier transform. Acquire introductory-level knowledge of discrete-time signals and systems, and sampling theory. Work in group to perform basic simulation of signals and systems analysis. Dr. Sigit PW Jarot ECE 2221 Signals and Systems 4

5 Course Synopsis Introduction to Signals Introduction to Systems Time-Domain Analysis of Continuous-Time Systems Frequency-Domain System Analysis: the Laplace Transform MID-TERM Examination Signals Analysis using the Fourier Series Signals Analysis using the Fourier Transform Introduction to Discrete Time Signals and Systems Analysis FINAL Examination Dr. Sigit PW Jarot ECE 2221 Signals and Systems 5

Oppenheim (1996), Signals and Systems, Prentice-Hall. Haykin S (2002), Signals and Systems, John-Wiley.

6 Text Book and Recommended Books Required: - A.J. Stuller (2008). An Introduction to Signals and Systems, Thomson. Recommended: Lathi BP. (2004), Linear Systems and Signals, Oxford. Lathi BP. (2000), Signal Processing and Linear Systems, Oxford. Oppenheim (1996), Signals and Systems, Prentice-Hall. Haykin S (2002), Signals and Systems, John-Wiley. Hsu H (1995), Schaum s Outlines Signals and Systems 2 nd Edition, McGrawHill. Karu Z (1995), Signals and Systems Made Ridiculously Simple, McGrawHill. Dr. Sigit PW Jarot ECE 2221 Signals and Systems 6

7 New Books with Matlab Dr. Sigit PW Jarot ECE 2221 Signals and Systems 7

8 Inspiring Message from Imam Shafii You will not acquire knowledge unless you have 6 (SIX) THINGS Intelligence Strong Will Diligence Patience Sufficient Means Befriend Your Teacher Dr. Sigit PW Jarot ECE 2221 Signals and Systems 8

9 Course Instructor Name : DR. Sigit Puspito Wigati Jarot sigit@iiu.edu.my Ext:4534 Office : E Education Background: B.Eng, Keio University, Japan M.Eng, Keio University, Japan PhD, Keio University, Japan Professional Experience: Research Associate Broadband Mobile Research Project, Keio University Member of Research Staff Nokia Research Center, Japan Feb 2008 Assistant Professor IIUM, Engineering, Dept ECE Sigit Jarot ECE 2221 Signals and Systems 9

10 Contact Info Name : DR. Sigit Puspito Wigati Jarot sigit@iium.edu.my sigit.jarot@gmail.com Web : Yahoo-ID : spwjarot Skype-ID : sigitjarot Phone : Mobile : Office : E (near the Kulliyah Office) Dr. Sigit PW Jarot ECE 2221 Signals and Systems 10

11 Method of Evaluation Evaluation Final Exam 50% Quizzes 15% Assignments 10% Mid-term Exam 25% Dr. Sigit PW Jarot ECE 2221 Signals and Systems 11

Method of Evaluation small check points once per chapter sometimes without pre-announcement exposure of basic problems exercises exposure of simulation exercises once per chapter cooperation is

12 Method of Evaluation small check points once per chapter sometimes without pre-announcement exposure of basic problems exercises exposure of simulation exercises once per chapter cooperation is highly encouraged Quizzes Assignments Mid-term Exam Final Exam the last check point & positioning 80% of course outline 60-70% after midterm % distribution; 30% easy: general concept 40% moderate: relevant topics 30% difficult: in-depth & critical a major check point once per semester good chance to obtain high CAM Dr. Sigit PW Jarot ECE 2221 Signals and Systems 12

Average Marks in Previous Semesters MAX 10 20 30 Sem 2-08/09 4.

13 Average Marks in Previous Semesters MAX Sem 2-08/ Sem 1-08/ Sem 3-07/ Sem 2-07/ Quiz Assign Mid Final 100 Dr. Sigit PW Jarot ECE 2221 Signals and Systems 13

14 Marks Distributions D 7% A 0% C 20% 08/09 Sem 2 D- 14% A- 4% C+ 21% B+ 3% B 11% B- 20% /09 Sem 2 A-, 3 B+, 2 A, 0 A A- B+ B B- C+ C D D- Dr. Sigit PW Jarot ECE 2221 Signals and Systems 14 B, 7 B-, 13 C+, 14 C, 13 D, 5 D-, 9

15 ECE 2221 Short Semester Schedule (tentative) Week 1: Introduction Week 2: Time- Domain Analysis Week 3: Laplace Transform Week 4: Fourier Series Week 5: Fourier Transform Week 6: Applications Week 7: Sampling and Wrap- Up - System Classifications Bilateral Laplace Transform Fouries Series Fourier Transform Applications Course Introduction, Signals Operations System Representation by Differential Equation Unilateral Laplace Transform Classification and Representation of Signals Convolution Intergral Inverse Laplace Transform

16 Short semester Weekly Schedule Monday: Last Week Review Quiz Intro to New Topic Sub Topic 1 Weekend: Assignment MATLAB Assignment Wednesday: Sub Topic 2 Thursday: Sub Topic 3 Topic Summary

Chapter 1: Introduction 1-17 2008 Thomson

17 Chapter 1: Introduction Thomson Engineering, a division of Thomson Learning Inc.

18 What is a Signal? Signals are functions of independent variables that carry information. For example: Electrical signals ---voltages and currents in a circuit Acoustic signals ---audio or speech signals (analog or digital) Video signals ---intensity variations in an image (e.g. a CAT scan) Biological signals ---sequence of bases in a gene

19 What is a signal? A signal is formally defined as a function of one or more variables that conveys information on the nature of a physical phenomenon. What is a system?

19 19 What is a signal? A signal is formally defined as a function of one or more variables that conveys information on the nature of a physical phenomenon. What is a system? A system is formally defined as an entity that manipulates one or more signals to accomplish a function, thereby yielding new signals. Block diagram representation of a system.

20 Signals and Systems Input Signal System Output Signal SIGNAL A set of data or information. A function or sequence of values that represents information. A function of one or more variables (e.g. time, frequency, space,..) that conveys information on the nature of a physical phenomenon. SYSTEM A system is an entity that processes a set of signals (inputs) to yield another sets of signals (outputs) Dr. Sigit PW Jarot ECE 2221 Signals and Systems 20

21 Three Areas of System Studies Mathematical modeling How to model signals and systems behavior using mathematical representation and formulations. Analysis How to determine the systems outputs for the given inputs and a given mathematical model of the system (or rules governing the system) Design How to construct a system that will produce a desired set of outputs for the given inputs. Dr. Sigit PW Jarot ECE 2221 Signals and Systems 21

22 Figure 1.1 Singer performing on stage. 22

23 Figure 1.2 Offline processing of audio. 23

24 Figure 1.3 Block diagram for Figure

25 Figure 1.4 Flow graph for Figure

26 Figure 1.5 Block diagram for Figure

27 Signal Analysis in Biomedical Engineering 27 Electroencephalography (EEG) is the recording of electrical activity along the scalp produced by the firing of neurons within the brain

interpretation of the electrical activity of the

28 Signal Analysis in Biomedical Engineering 28 Electrocardiography (ECG) is a transthoracic interpretation of the electrical activity of the heart over time captured and externally recorded by skin electrodes

29 Ultrasonography (USG) 29

30 SigInt : Signals Intelligence 30

31 Application of Signal Analysis 31

32 Fourier Analysis 32

33 Introduction Important examples of biological signal: 1. Electrocardiogram (ECG) Fig Electroencephalogram (EEG) Figure 1.9 (p. 13) The traces shown in (a), (b), and (c) are three examples of EEG signals recorded from the hippocampus of a rat. Neurobiological studies suggest that the hippocampus plays a key role in certain aspects of learning and memory. 33

34 Dial Start-up Answer In Reality Information in the form of: Audio Video Text, etc Model Mathematical representation Graphical representation ECE 2221 Signals and Systems 34

35 Waveforms and Data Sequences 35 We work with two kind of signals: Waveforms Data sequences x(t), y(t) x[n], y[n] Signal can be classified into: Continuous-time (CT) signals Discrete-time (DT) signals

36 Some Useful Signal Operations: Time scaling 36 If a signal x(t) is compressed in time by a factor of 2, denoted as y(t), it means whatever happens in x(t) at some instant t also happens in y(t), at the instant t/2. Therefore t y ( ) = x( t) 2 y ( t) = x(2t) ECE 2221 Signals and Systems

37 Reflection: Time Reversal y( t) = x( t) The signal y(t) represents a reflected version of x(t) about t = 0. Ex. 1-3 Consider the triangular pulse x(t) shown in Fig. 1-22(a). Find the reflected version of x(t) about the amplitude axis (i.e., the origin). <Sol.> Fig.1-22(b). Figure 1.22 (p. 28) Operation of reflection: (a) continuous-time signal x(t) and (b) reflected version of x(t) about the origin. x( t) = 0 for t < T and t > T 1 2 y( t) = 0 for t > T and t < T t 0 > 0 shift toward right t 0 < 0 shift toward left

38 Some Useful Signal Operations: Time shifting 38 If a signal x(t) is delayed by T seconds, denoted as y(t), it means whatever happens in x(t) at some instant t also happens in y(t), T second later at the instant t + T. Therefore y ( t + T ) = x( t) y( t) = x( t T ) ECE 2221 Signals and Systems

39 Figure 1.6 Example of time shift: (a) original waveform; (b) time-shifted waveform 39

40 Figure 1.7 Shift for sequence: (a) original data; (b) shifted data. 40

41 Next Lecture Basic Signal Operations Classifications of Signals Classifications of Systems 41

Continuous-Time Signal Analysis FOURIER Transform - Applications DR. SIGIT PW JAROT ECE 2221

Continuous-Time Signal Analysis FOURIER Transform - Applications DR. SIGIT PW JAROT ECE 2221 Inspiring Message from Imam Shafii You will not acquire knowledge unless you have 6 (SIX) THINGS Intelligence