Experiment # 2 Pulse Code Modulation: Uniform and Non-Uniform
|
|
- Virgil Benson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ECE417 c 2015 Bruno Korst-Fagundes CommLab Experiment # 2 Pulse Code Modulation: Uniform and Non-Uniform Name: Experiment Date: Student No.: Day of the week: Time: Name: Student No.: Grade: / 10 E000 Input Signal Mask Output x 10 3 x 10 3 µ 1 [ln(1+mu)]^ 1 ABS X + ln X sign Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to introduce uniform and non-uniform pulse code modulation (PCM). Uniform PCM will be explored by varying the effective number of quantization levels and non-uniform PCM will be introduced with the implementation of a µ-law compressor. PCM is a technique widely used in communication systems to provide a digital representation of an analog waveform. This experiment is divided into three parts: 1. You will explore Uniform PCM by modifying the number of bits used to quantize each sample of a signal. You will use different numbers of bits per sample and observe the relationship between the number of bits per sample and quantization noise. 2. You will then simulate a µ-law compressor and modify its parameters to verify the outcomes. 1
2 3. You will run the µ-law compressor on the DSP platform to observe the results on your oscilloscope. 2 Background Reading and Preparation It is fair to say that every textbook in digital signal processing starts by describing how an analog signal is converted into a digital one prior to being processed. Sampling and quantization are described in detail in many references. Therefore, rather than looking for a single reference for background reading, you can refer to any of the textbooks cited in the bibliography presented at the end of this outline. Keep in mind, however, that these should be seen as introductory reading, since they only touch on PCM as applied to A/D conversion. Some references [1], [2] and [3], look at PCM from the point of view of communication systems, and go beyond A/D conversion. You should review your notes on sampling and quantization, or on analog-to-digital conversion. With the µ-law PCM scheme, the signal will pass through a compressor, which will apply a logarithmic mapping to the incoming signal prior to quantization. The quantization of the compressed incoming signal is then done with a smaller number of bits per sample. The compression method you will utilize in this experiment is defined in the ITU/T G.711 standard. The outcome of µ-law and A-Law compressors is very similar, and both can be implemented in a table look-up algorithm in which the compression curve is stored in an array and the output is generated by mapping the normalized input onto that array. Non-uniform quantization allows for the signal-to-noise ratio to be kept through the dynamic range of the signal. The louder parts of the signal (which are statistically less prevalent in telephony) are quantized with a smaller number of bits than they would with a uniform quantizer, resulting in a lower signal-to-noise ratio. That is, by applying compression prior to quantization, the signal that extends beyond a certain level will likely utilize only a few more bits per sample (the most significant ones) than would a softer signal. In turn, the softer signal will present a higher signal-to-noise ratio than the louder signals, keeping the ratio constant through the dynamic range. Subjectively, compression on a voice signal would be perceived by a loss of quality in the signal for loud talkers. At the receiving end, the compressed signal is passed through an expander and the original signal is recovered. It is possible, for instance, to achieve a compression from 14 bits to 8 bits on a voice signal (a compression ratio of 1.75:1) without much computational complexity. Before coming to the lab, complete the lab preparation and hand it to the T.A.. 2
3 3 Experiment 3.1 Uniform Quantization This section is divided into three main parts: the simulation of a system presenting aliasing; the modification of sampling rates to verify the occurrence of aliasing on real signals; and the verification of the relation between signal integrity and word length in the quantization process. Differently than previous experiments in other courses where you verified concepts by designing a whole system (such as an FM modulator), this section will touch individually on the two main parts of PCM, namely: sampling and quantization. The reason for taking this approach is primarily due to the fact that the target hardware already provides a CODEC which utilizes PCM to convert the signal from analog to digital. In this section you will modify the data generated by the existing CODEC and observe the consequences of the modifications on the output signal Fewer Bits, More Noise You should expect that as you reduce the number of bits assigned per sample of the incoming analog signal, you should obtain a less accurate digital representation. Consider an extreme case in which you have only one bit to represent the samples of a sinusoid. Of course, with only two values possible, one of them would be assigned to every sample in the positive cycle of the sinusoid and the other would be assigned to every sample in the negative cycle. The result would be a square wave with the same period as the original sinusoid. Now consider the frequency domain view of this new signal sampled with only one bit per sample. While the original sinusoidal input signal has one component (ideally an impulse) in the frequency domain, and after quantizing it you have that same component and all of its odd harmonics. This is not at all a faithful representation of the analog signal. As you increase the number of bits, you decrease the amount of quantization noise, achieving a gradually better representation of the signal. The program to be run on the DSP is given to you (it is located at c:/ece /Exp02/Uniform). Open Code Composer Studio and open the project named quantization.pjt. Look briefly at the code. You are to change the code to modify the number of bits used for each sample of the input signal. The CODEC provides 16 bits for each sample on each channel. You will force the samples for one of the channels to be quantized by using only a reduced number of bits. When you reduce the number of bits on the quantization, you increase the error introduced in the process by reducing the number of quantization levels available. So, should you modify the MSBs or the LSBs to accomplish this? The operation you will utilize to modify the word length of the incoming signal is known as masking, and you likely have already made use of it in a Microprocessors course. It consists of performing a logical AND operation between the data word passed on to the DAC and a mask that you select. Looking at your quantization.c program, you will notice that there are several masking options for the y variable. Use only one mask at a time, and comment out the others. You may change the mask to answer the questions below. Do not forget to recompile and run the program every time you make a change. 3
4 Use an input signal of around 2.7 Vpp and 100 Hz. You can choose to use a sine wave or a ramp. The reason you are using 2.7 Vpp is that you must utilize the full range of the CODEC. If you do not have the full range of the signal going into the CODEC, you will not get the right results. You are to implement a 3-bit quantizer using an appropriate mask. What should the mask be? How many quantization levels are there? Explain what part of the sample 16-bit field the mask is selecting. (1pt) Sketch the original signal, the quantized signal, and the quantization error by using the Subtraction function in Math mode on the oscilloscope. The quantization error is the difference between the original signal and its quantized version. (2pts) Show your quantization error output on the oscilloscope to the TA, and have the TA sign here. (1pt) 4
5 3.2 Non-Uniform Quantization In this part, you will simulate first and then run a µ-law compressor. On this second part, you will use a sinusoid and a ramp, and will observe the resulting compressed output on the oscilloscope. You will be required to understand the implementation of the compressor and relate it back to the theory, and to verify the characteristic curves for different parameter values. This is a fancy way of saying: vary the level at the input, read the level at the output and plot points for every level Simulation of a µ-law Compressor It is assumed that you are familiar with Simulink. If you can t find the simulation blocks you are looking for, you can run a search within Simulink. Remember that you will never use continuoustime systems in the ECE417 experiments, and the sampling period of your blocks must be set to 1/48000, so that the system you simulate is representative of that you will implement on the DSP target. Not every block requires that you set a sampling period. Those which do require, must be set to 1/ Your first system will be made of a DSP-Sine wave generator, a ramp generator, a switch, your compressor of choice found in the ECE417 blockset and two time-based scopes. You can use the template file exp02 sim.mdl provided in the c:/ece /Exp02/NonUniform directory. It will look like Figure 1 below. Figure 1: Non-Uniform PCM - model for simulation Use scopes to view the output of the generators and to view the output of the compressor. Your sine wave and ramp signals should be set to 1000 Hz, amplitude of 1 and sampling frequency of 48 khz (this means sampling period of 1/48000 in the proper field of the sine wave generator 5
6 block). Run the system and configure the time-based scopes to provide you with the best reading. You should observe the scopes looking like Figure 2 (notice the maximum level of 1). (a) µ-law Ramp (b) µ-law Sine Figure 2: Scope Displays After Compression: Ramp and Sine Since you are simulating a µ-law compressor, use first a µ value of 255. As you know from your preparation, this is a standard value and is equivalent to an A-Law value of They are determined through subjective voice tests (Mean Opinion Score). If you right-click on the Mu-Law Compressor block, and select look under mask, a window will open with the block diagram presented in Figure 3 (comments were added for clarity). Figure 3: µ-law Compressor - modified from Simulink Library 6
7 After you got these models going, answer the question below: Now you will draw the characteristic curve for your compressor. You will use four values for the constant, vary the input signal amplitude from 0.01 to 1.0 and measure the output (pick five points and draw the graph with input amplitude on the x axis, and output amplitude on the y axis). Use a sine as an input. Use the values 0, 10, 255 and 1000 for µ. Draw the graph for every value of the constant (that is µ) and comment on your results.(3pts) You could, alternatively, use an XY Graph found in the main blockset in Simulink to view the curves. Your simulation model would then look like that shown in Figure 4. Since you are interested in input values from 0 to 1, you should set the axis of your XY Graph to those values by right-clicking on the block. Figure 4: Alternative simulation with XY Graph Show the XY scope running and have the TA sign the box. (1pt) 7
8 3.3 Implementing and Evaluating µ-law or A-Law Compressors In this part of the experiment, you will run your compressor on a DSP platform. Keep in mind that this compression is applied prior to assigning bits to the levels (remember uniform PCM above?), so that the most compressed (higher) signal levels will have less room to maneuver, as you have just observed in the simulation. At the receiving end, the signal will be expanded back to its original shape. Systems which implement compression and expansion are known as companders. Here you will be given the necessary executable programs to be loaded and run on the DSP platform. If you would like to design your own compander some other time, refer to [4]. The procedure to download the executable program is as follows: With the target powered on, open Code Composer Studio. You will notice the LEDs blink while CCS is coming up. If you want to check the target, go under GEL (top menu)/ Check DSK / QuickTest. This should cause the LEDs to blink again and a message will appear on the I/O panel of CCS. Go under File (top menu) / Load Program. This will open a window from which you will select your program. The executable program is of type.out. All programs for this experiment will be found in the directory C:/ECE /Exp02/NonUniform/Executables. After you select the file and click OK, the executable will be loaded onto the target memory. Now you can go under Debug (top menu)/ Run, or press F5 or click on the running man on the vertical panel on the left of the CCS window to run the program. As a special feature of Code Composer Studio you may have to load it twice only for the first load. Go figure. Test your hardware first to see if it is implementing compression as it should. Use a ramp input (2.7 Vpp, 1 khz) and observe the output. Then use a sinusoid with the same parameters. Notice that the higher levels are the ones being punished by the compression. You already know how this should look from the simulation portion of this experiment. First, load the executable program for your compressor of choice with the standard parameter value (for µ it is 255). Load the executable program with the largest parameter value. If you decrease the gain of the input signal, do you expect the compressed signal to appear better or worse? Why? Does your system behave as you expect? (1pt) 8
9 To finalize your experiment and to convince yourself that µ-law and A-Law are similar compression standards, load the executable in which one channel is compressed using A-Law and the other is compressed using µ-law (the name of the program is alawmulaw.out). Can you tell if there is a difference? Lower the input voltage, and bring it back to 2.7 Vpp to observe the effect of both compressors. Show the running system to the TA, and have the TA sign the box. (1pt) 4 Accomplishments In this experiment, you acquired a better understanding of Pulse Code Modulation by further probing into uniform and non-uniform quantization. You verified the impact caused by the number of bits on quantization noise, and also verified the effect of different µ values on the compression of a signal. References [1] S. Haykin and M. Moher Introduction to Analog and Digital Communications, 2nd Ed. - Wiley, 2007 [2] B. P. Lathi, Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems, 3rd Edition. New York: Oxford University Press, [3] S. Haykin Communication Systems, 4th Edition. Toronto: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., [4] P. M. Embree, C Algorithms for Real-Time DSP, Prentice-Hall,
10 Preparation Uniform and Non-Uniform Quantization Name: Experiment Date: Student No.: Grade: / Sketch the process of sampling and quantization for a 1 khz sine wave sampled at 8 khz. You are to use a 3 bit quantizer and assume linear quantization. Use your illustration to explain quantization noise. (2pt) 2. Write the equations for µ-law and A-Law compression. What are the typical values for the µ parameter and the A parameter? (assume 8 bits)(2pt) 10
11 3. Based on your experience in Simulink, draw a block diagram to implement a µ-law OR an A-Law compressor.(2pt) 4. Explain how the use of non-uniform quantization causes the SNR to become almost independent of the input signal power for a large dynamic range.(2pt) 5. You have a speech signal and a sinusoidal signal. Based on your knowledge of their probability density function, explain on which of them it would be most appropriate to apply non-uniform quantization. (2pt) 11
Experiment # 2. Pulse Code Modulation: Uniform and Non-Uniform
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1.5 1 0.5 0 0.5 1 ECE417 c 2017 Bruno Korst-Fagundes CommLab Experiment # 2 Pulse Code Modulation: Uniform and Non-Uniform
More informationExperiment # 5 Baseband Pulse Transmission
ECE 417 c 2017 Bruno Korst CommLab Name: Experiment # 5 Baseband Pulse Transmission Experiment Date: Student No.: Day of the week: Time: Name: Student No.: Grade: / 10 CHANNEL BIT SOURCE EYE DIAGRAM TX
More informationExperiment # 4. Frequency Modulation
ECE 416 Fall 2002 Experiment # 4 Frequency Modulation 1 Purpose In Experiment # 3, a modulator and demodulator for AM were designed and built. In this experiment, another widely used modulation technique
More informationExperiment 02: Amplitude Modulation
ECE316, Experiment 02, 2017 Communications Lab, University of Toronto Experiment 02: Amplitude Modulation Bruno Korst - bkf@comm.utoronto.ca Abstract In this second laboratory experiment, you will see
More informationContents. Introduction 1 1 Suggested Reading 2 2 Equipment and Software Tools 2 3 Experiment 2
ECE363, Experiment 02, 2018 Communications Lab, University of Toronto Experiment 02: Noise Bruno Korst - bkf@comm.utoronto.ca Abstract This experiment will introduce you to some of the characteristics
More informationExploring DSP Performance
ECE1756, Experiment 02, 2015 Communications Lab, University of Toronto Exploring DSP Performance Bruno Korst, Siu Pak Mok & Vaughn Betz Abstract The performance of two DSP architectures will be probed
More informationIntroduction to Lab Instruments
ECE316, Experiment 00, 2017 Communications Lab, University of Toronto Introduction to Lab Instruments Bruno Korst - bkf@comm.utoronto.ca Abstract This experiment will review the use of three lab instruments
More informationPulse Code Modulation (PCM)
Project Title: e-laboratories for Physics and Engineering Education Tempus Project: contract # 517102-TEMPUS-1-2011-1-SE-TEMPUS-JPCR 1. Experiment Category: Electrical Engineering >> Communications 2.
More informationDIGITAL COMMUNICATION. In this experiment you will integrate blocks representing communication system
OBJECTIVES EXPERIMENT 7 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION In this experiment you will integrate blocks representing communication system elements into a larger framework that will serve as a model for digital communication
More informationLaboratory Assignment 1 Sampling Phenomena
1 Main Topics Signal Acquisition Audio Processing Aliasing, Anti-Aliasing Filters Laboratory Assignment 1 Sampling Phenomena 2.171 Analysis and Design of Digital Control Systems Digital Filter Design and
More informationLab 12 Laboratory 12 Data Acquisition Required Special Equipment: 12.1 Objectives 12.2 Introduction 12.3 A/D basics
Laboratory 12 Data Acquisition Required Special Equipment: Computer with LabView Software National Instruments USB 6009 Data Acquisition Card 12.1 Objectives This lab demonstrates the basic principals
More informationLAB II. INTRODUCTION TO LABVIEW
1. OBJECTIVE LAB II. INTRODUCTION TO LABVIEW In this lab, you are to gain a basic understanding of how LabView operates the lab equipment remotely. 2. OVERVIEW In the procedure of this lab, you will build
More informationLab 6: Building a Function Generator
ECE 212 Spring 2010 Circuit Analysis II Names: Lab 6: Building a Function Generator Objectives In this lab exercise you will build a function generator capable of generating square, triangle, and sine
More informationDIGITAL COMMUNICATION
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL &ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DIGITAL COMMUNICATION Spring 00 Yrd. Doç. Dr. Burak Kelleci OUTLINE Quantization Pulse-Code Modulation THE QUANTIZATION PROCESS A continuous signal has
More informationPulse Code Modulation
Pulse Code Modulation Modulation is the process of varying one or more parameters of a carrier signal in accordance with the instantaneous values of the message signal. The message signal is the signal
More informationExperiment 6: Multirate Signal Processing
ECE431, Experiment 6, 2018 Communications Lab, University of Toronto Experiment 6: Multirate Signal Processing Bruno Korst - bkf@comm.utoronto.ca Abstract In this experiment, you will use decimation and
More informationECE159H1S University of Toronto 2014 EXPERIMENT #2 OP AMP CIRCUITS AND WAVEFORMS ECE159H1S
ECE159H1S University of Toronto 2014 EXPERIMENT #2 OP AMP CIRCUITS AND WAVEFORMS ECE159H1S OBJECTIVES: To study the performance and limitations of basic op-amp circuits: the inverting and noninverting
More informationVoice Transmission --Basic Concepts--
Voice Transmission --Basic Concepts-- Voice---is analog in character and moves in the form of waves. 3-important wave-characteristics: Amplitude Frequency Phase Telephone Handset (has 2-parts) 2 1. Transmitter
More informationTCET3202 Analog and digital Communications II
NEW YORK CITY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY The City University of New York DEPARTMENT: SUBJECT CODE AND TITLE: COURSE DESCRIPTION: REQUIRED COURSE Electrical and Telecommunications Engineering Technology TCET3202
More informationECE 2111 Signals and Systems Spring 2012, UMD Experiment 9: Sampling
ECE 2111 Signals and Systems Spring 2012, UMD Experiment 9: Sampling Objective: In this experiment the properties and limitations of the sampling theorem are investigated. A specific sampling circuit will
More informationIntroduction to Simulink Assignment Companion Document
Introduction to Simulink Assignment Companion Document Implementing a DSB-SC AM Modulator in Simulink The purpose of this exercise is to explore SIMULINK by implementing a DSB-SC AM modulator. DSB-SC AM
More information17. Delta Modulation
7. Delta Modulation Introduction So far, we have seen that the pulse-code-modulation (PCM) technique converts analogue signals to digital format for transmission. For speech signals of 3.2kHz bandwidth,
More informationLaboratory Assignment 2 Signal Sampling, Manipulation, and Playback
Laboratory Assignment 2 Signal Sampling, Manipulation, and Playback PURPOSE This lab will introduce you to the laboratory equipment and the software that allows you to link your computer to the hardware.
More informationECEn 487 Digital Signal Processing Laboratory. Lab 3 FFT-based Spectrum Analyzer
ECEn 487 Digital Signal Processing Laboratory Lab 3 FFT-based Spectrum Analyzer Due Dates This is a three week lab. All TA check off must be completed by Friday, March 14, at 3 PM or the lab will be marked
More informationWaveform Generators and Oscilloscopes. Lab 6
Waveform Generators and Oscilloscopes Lab 6 1 Equipment List WFG TEK DPO 4032A (or MDO3012) Resistors: 10kΩ, 1kΩ Capacitors: 0.01uF 2 Waveform Generators (WFG) The WFG supplies a variety of timevarying
More informationCHAPTER 4. PULSE MODULATION Part 2
CHAPTER 4 PULSE MODULATION Part 2 Pulse Modulation Analog pulse modulation: Sampling, i.e., information is transmitted only at discrete time instants. e.g. PAM, PPM and PDM Digital pulse modulation: Sampling
More informationET 304A Laboratory Tutorial-Circuitmaker For Transient and Frequency Analysis
ET 304A Laboratory Tutorial-Circuitmaker For Transient and Frequency Analysis All circuit simulation packages that use the Pspice engine allow users to do complex analysis that were once impossible to
More informationME 461 Laboratory #2 Timers and Pulse-Width Modulation
ME 461 Laboratory #2 Timers and Pulse-Width Modulation Goals: 1. Understand how to use timers to control the frequency at which events occur. 2. Generate PWM signals using Timer A. 3. Explore the frequency
More informationLab 4: Using the CODEC
Lab 4: Using the CODEC ECE 2060 Spring, 2016 Haocheng Zhu Gregory Ochs Monday 12:40 15:40 Date of Experiment: 03/28/16 Date of Submission: 04/08/16 Abstract This lab covers the use of the CODEC that is
More informationUsing the CODEC ReadMeFirst
Using the CODEC ReadMeFirst Lab Summary This lab covers the use of the CODEC that is necessary in nearly all of the future labs. This lab is divided into three parts. In the first part, you will work with
More informationLaboratory set-up for Real-Time study of Electric Drives with Integrated Interfaces for Test and Measurement
Laboratory set-up for Real-Time study of Electric Drives with Integrated Interfaces for Test and Measurement Fong Mak, Ram Sundaram, Varun Santhaseelan, and Sunil Tandle Gannon University, mak001@gannon.edu,
More informationDigital Communication Prof. Bikash Kumar Dey Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
Digital Communication Prof. Bikash Kumar Dey Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Lecture - 03 Quantization, PCM and Delta Modulation Hello everyone, today we will
More informationEEE 309 Communication Theory
EEE 309 Communication Theory Semester: January 2016 Dr. Md. Farhad Hossain Associate Professor Department of EEE, BUET Email: mfarhadhossain@eee.buet.ac.bd Office: ECE 331, ECE Building Part 05 Pulse Code
More informationEET 223 RF COMMUNICATIONS LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS
EET 223 RF COMMUNICATIONS LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS Experimental Goals A good technician needs to make accurate measurements, keep good records and know the proper usage and limitations of the instruments
More informationReal Analog - Circuits 1 Chapter 11: Lab Projects
Real Analog - Circuits 1 Chapter 11: Lab Projects 11.2.1: Signals with Multiple Frequency Components Overview: In this lab project, we will calculate the magnitude response of an electrical circuit and
More informationIntegrators, differentiators, and simple filters
BEE 233 Laboratory-4 Integrators, differentiators, and simple filters 1. Objectives Analyze and measure characteristics of circuits built with opamps. Design and test circuits with opamps. Plot gain vs.
More informationChapter 2: Digitization of Sound
Chapter 2: Digitization of Sound Acoustics pressure waves are converted to electrical signals by use of a microphone. The output signal from the microphone is an analog signal, i.e., a continuous-valued
More informationExperiment # 3. Doppler Spread
ECE 464 c 2016 Bruno Korst-Fagundes Spring 2016 Experiment # 3 Doppler Spread 1 Purpose Doppler spread is a variation in bandwidth caused by the combined frequency shifts of the multipath components of
More informationECE 556 BASICS OF DIGITAL SPEECH PROCESSING. Assıst.Prof.Dr. Selma ÖZAYDIN Spring Term-2017 Lecture 2
ECE 556 BASICS OF DIGITAL SPEECH PROCESSING Assıst.Prof.Dr. Selma ÖZAYDIN Spring Term-2017 Lecture 2 Analog Sound to Digital Sound Characteristics of Sound Amplitude Wavelength (w) Frequency ( ) Timbre
More informationMemorial University of Newfoundland Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science. Lab Manual
Memorial University of Newfoundland Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Engineering 6871 Communication Principles Lab Manual Fall 2014 Lab 1 AMPLITUDE MODULATION Purpose: 1. Learn how to use Matlab
More informationPulse Code Modulation
Pulse Code Modulation EE 44 Spring Semester Lecture 9 Analog signal Pulse Amplitude Modulation Pulse Width Modulation Pulse Position Modulation Pulse Code Modulation (3-bit coding) 1 Advantages of Digital
More informationME 365 EXPERIMENT 8 FREQUENCY ANALYSIS
ME 365 EXPERIMENT 8 FREQUENCY ANALYSIS Objectives: There are two goals in this laboratory exercise. The first is to reinforce the Fourier series analysis you have done in the lecture portion of this course.
More informationThe Fundamentals of Mixed Signal Testing
The Fundamentals of Mixed Signal Testing Course Information The Fundamentals of Mixed Signal Testing course is designed to provide the foundation of knowledge that is required for testing modern mixed
More informationGetting Started. MSO/DPO Series Oscilloscopes. Basic Concepts
Getting Started MSO/DPO Series Oscilloscopes Basic Concepts 001-1523-00 Getting Started 1.1 Getting Started What is an oscilloscope? An oscilloscope is a device that draws a graph of an electrical signal.
More informationLAB #7: Digital Signal Processing
LAB #7: Digital Signal Processing Equipment: Pentium PC with NI PCI-MIO-16E-4 data-acquisition board NI BNC 2120 Accessory Box VirtualBench Instrument Library version 2.6 Function Generator (Tektronix
More informationLABORATORY 4. Palomar College ENGR210 Spring 2017 ASSIGNED: 3/21/17
LABORATORY 4 ASSIGNED: 3/21/17 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this lab is to evaluate the transient and steady-state circuit response of first order and second order circuits. MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST: You will
More informationYEDITEPE UNIVERSITY ENGINEERING FACULTY COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LABORATORY EE 354 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
YEDITEPE UNIVERSITY ENGINEERING FACULTY COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LABORATORY EE 354 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS EXPERIMENT 3: SAMPLING & TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEX (TDM) Objective: Experimental verification of the
More informationDigital Communication (650533) CH 3 Pulse Modulation
Philadelphia University/Faculty of Engineering Communication and Electronics Engineering Digital Communication (650533) CH 3 Pulse Modulation Instructor: Eng. Nada Khatib Website: http://www.philadelphia.edu.jo/academics/nkhatib/
More informationTHE SPEAKER. The decibel scale is related to the physical sound intensity measured in watts/cm 2 by the following equation:
OBJECTIVES: THE SPEAKER 1) Know the definition of "decibel" as a measure of sound intensity or power level. ) Know the relationship between voltage and power level measured in decibels. 3) Illustrate how
More informationPhysics 120 Lab 1 (2018) - Instruments and DC Circuits
Physics 120 Lab 1 (2018) - Instruments and DC Circuits Welcome to the first laboratory exercise in Physics 120. Your state-of-the art equipment includes: Digital oscilloscope w/usb output for SCREENSHOTS.
More informationCommunications I (ELCN 306)
Communications I (ELCN 306) c Samy S. Soliman Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department Cairo University, Egypt Email: samy.soliman@cu.edu.eg Website: http://scholar.cu.edu.eg/samysoliman
More informationExperiment Guide: RC/RLC Filters and LabVIEW
Description and ackground Experiment Guide: RC/RLC Filters and LabIEW In this lab you will (a) manipulate instruments manually to determine the input-output characteristics of an RC filter, and then (b)
More informationECE 3155 Experiment I AC Circuits and Bode Plots Rev. lpt jan 2013
Signature Name (print, please) Lab section # Lab partner s name (if any) Date(s) lab was performed ECE 3155 Experiment I AC Circuits and Bode Plots Rev. lpt jan 2013 In this lab we will demonstrate basic
More informationUSE OF BASIC ELECTRONIC MEASURING INSTRUMENTS Part II, & ANALYSIS OF MEASUREMENT ERROR 1
EE 241 Experiment #3: USE OF BASIC ELECTRONIC MEASURING INSTRUMENTS Part II, & ANALYSIS OF MEASUREMENT ERROR 1 PURPOSE: To become familiar with additional the instruments in the laboratory. To become aware
More informationTime-Varying Signals
Time-Varying Signals Objective This lab gives a practical introduction to signals that varies with time using the components such as: 1. Arbitrary Function Generator 2. Oscilloscopes The grounding issues
More informationLab 3 FFT based Spectrum Analyzer
ECEn 487 Digital Signal Processing Laboratory Lab 3 FFT based Spectrum Analyzer Due Dates This is a three week lab. All TA check off must be completed prior to the beginning of class on the lab book submission
More information2 AC and RMS. To pass this lab you must solve tasks 1-2. Tasks 3 and 4 are included in the grading of the course.
2 AC and RMS Purpose of the lab: to familiarize yourself with the oscilloscope to familiarize yourself with AC voltages and different waveforms to study RMS and average values In this lab, you have the
More informationDepartment of Electronic Engineering NED University of Engineering & Technology. LABORATORY WORKBOOK For the Course SIGNALS & SYSTEMS (TC-202)
Department of Electronic Engineering NED University of Engineering & Technology LABORATORY WORKBOOK For the Course SIGNALS & SYSTEMS (TC-202) Instructor Name: Student Name: Roll Number: Semester: Batch:
More informationENSC327 Communication Systems Fall 2011 Assignment #1 Due Wednesday, Sept. 28, 4:00 pm
ENSC327 Communication Systems Fall 2011 Assignment #1 Due Wednesday, Sept. 28, 4:00 pm All problem numbers below refer to those in Haykin & Moher s book. 1. (FT) Problem 2.20. 2. (Convolution) Problem
More informationLaboratory Experiment #1 Introduction to Spectral Analysis
J.B.Francis College of Engineering Mechanical Engineering Department 22-403 Laboratory Experiment #1 Introduction to Spectral Analysis Introduction The quantification of electrical energy can be accomplished
More informationDownloaded from 1
VII SEMESTER FINAL EXAMINATION-2004 Attempt ALL questions. Q. [1] How does Digital communication System differ from Analog systems? Draw functional block diagram of DCS and explain the significance of
More informationPart 1. Using LabVIEW to Measure Current
NAME EET 2259 Lab 11 Studying Characteristic Curves with LabVIEW OBJECTIVES -Use LabVIEW to measure DC current. -Write LabVIEW programs to display the characteristic curves of resistors, diodes, and transistors
More informationEEE 309 Communication Theory
EEE 309 Communication Theory Semester: January 2017 Dr. Md. Farhad Hossain Associate Professor Department of EEE, BUET Email: mfarhadhossain@eee.buet.ac.bd Office: ECE 331, ECE Building Types of Modulation
More informationDIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY SECOND EDITION В. Preetham Kumar CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Croup, an informa business
More informationRC Filters and Basic Timer Functionality
RC-1 Learning Objectives: RC Filters and Basic Timer Functionality The student who successfully completes this lab will be able to: Build circuits using passive components (resistors and capacitors) from
More informationLab Report #10 Alex Styborski, Daniel Telesman, and Josh Kauffman Group 12 Abstract
Lab Report #10 Alex Styborski, Daniel Telesman, and Josh Kauffman Group 12 Abstract During lab 10, students carried out four different experiments, each one showing the spectrum of a different wave form.
More informationECEGR Lab #8: Introduction to Simulink
Page 1 ECEGR 317 - Lab #8: Introduction to Simulink Objective: By: Joe McMichael This lab is an introduction to Simulink. The student will become familiar with the Help menu, go through a short example,
More informationAdvanced Audiovisual Processing Expected Background
Advanced Audiovisual Processing Expected Background As an advanced module, we will not cover introductory topics in lecture. You are expected to already be proficient with all of the following topics,
More informationEE 3302 LAB 1 EQIUPMENT ORIENTATION
EE 3302 LAB 1 EQIUPMENT ORIENTATION Pre Lab: Calculate the theoretical gain of the 4 th order Butterworth filter (using the formula provided. Record your answers in Table 1 before you come to class. Introduction:
More informationNotes on Experiment #1
Notes on Experiment #1 Bring graph paper (cm cm is best) From this week on, be sure to print a copy of each experiment and bring it with you to lab. There will not be any experiment copies available in
More informationThe oscilloscope and RC filters
(ta initials) first name (print) last name (print) brock id (ab17cd) (lab date) Experiment 4 The oscilloscope and C filters The objective of this experiment is to familiarize the student with the workstation
More informationEE 210 Lab Exercise #4 D/A & A/D Converters
EE 210 Lab Exercise #4 D/A & A/D Converters Introduction This lab deals with simple resistive circuits to perform Digital-to-Analog (D/A) conversion. We also introduce the use of a basic Analog-to-Digital
More informationSenior Design Project: Converting an Analog Transceiver into a Digital one
Session 2793 Senior Design Project: Converting an Analog Transceiver into a Digital one George Edwards University of Denver Abstract The Capstone Senior Design Project that is offered to graduating seniors
More informationMASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY /6.071 Introduction to Electronics, Signals and Measurement Spring 2006
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY.071/6.071 Introduction to Electronics, Signals and Measurement Spring 006 Lab. Introduction to signals. Goals for this Lab: Further explore the lab hardware. The oscilloscope
More informationExperiment 1.A. Working with Lab Equipment. ECEN 2270 Electronics Design Laboratory 1
.A Working with Lab Equipment Electronics Design Laboratory 1 1.A.0 1.A.1 3 1.A.4 Procedures Turn in your Pre Lab before doing anything else Setup the lab waveform generator to output desired test waveforms,
More informationLab 1: Simulating Control Systems with Simulink and MATLAB
Lab 1: Simulating Control Systems with Simulink and MATLAB EE128: Feedback Control Systems Fall, 2006 1 Simulink Basics Simulink is a graphical tool that allows us to simulate feedback control systems.
More informationDigital Audio. Lecture-6
Digital Audio Lecture-6 Topics today Digitization of sound PCM Lossless predictive coding 2 Sound Sound is a pressure wave, taking continuous values Increase / decrease in pressure can be measured in amplitude,
More informationECE 2111 Signals and Systems Spring 2009, UMD Experiment 3: The Spectrum Analyzer
ECE 2111 Signals and Systems Spring 2009, UMD Experiment 3: The Spectrum Analyzer Objective: Student will gain an understanding of the basic controls and measurement techniques of the Rohde & Schwarz Handheld
More informationFourier Theory & Practice, Part I: Theory (HP Product Note )
Fourier Theory & Practice, Part I: Theory (HP Product Note 54600-4) By: Robert Witte Hewlett-Packard Co. Introduction: This product note provides a brief review of Fourier theory, especially the unique
More informationAC : INTERACTIVE LEARNING DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS WITH MATLAB AND TI DSK6713 DSP KIT
AC 2007-2807: INTERACTIVE LEARNING DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS WITH MATLAB AND TI DSK6713 DSP KIT Zekeriya Aliyazicioglu, California State Polytechnic University-Pomona Saeed Monemi, California State
More informationENGR 210 Lab 12: Sampling and Aliasing
ENGR 21 Lab 12: Sampling and Aliasing In the previous lab you examined how A/D converters actually work. In this lab we will consider some of the consequences of how fast you sample and of the signal processing
More informationPresentation Outline. Advisors: Dr. In Soo Ahn Dr. Thomas L. Stewart. Team Members: Luke Vercimak Karl Weyeneth. Karl. Luke
Bradley University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Senior Capstone Project Presentation May 2nd, 2006 Team Members: Luke Vercimak Karl Weyeneth Advisors: Dr. In Soo Ahn Dr. Thomas L.
More informationEE-4022 Experiment 2 Amplitude Modulation (AM)
EE-4022 MILWAUKEE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING 2015 Page 2-1 Student objectives: EE-4022 Experiment 2 Amplitude Modulation (AM) In this experiment the student will use laboratory modules to implement operations
More informationCommunications IB Paper 6 Handout 3: Digitisation and Digital Signals
Communications IB Paper 6 Handout 3: Digitisation and Digital Signals Jossy Sayir Signal Processing and Communications Lab Department of Engineering University of Cambridge jossy.sayir@eng.cam.ac.uk Lent
More informationOscilloscope and Function Generators
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING ELECTRONIC WORKSHOP # 02 Oscilloscope and Function Generators Roll. No: Checked by: Date: Grade: Object: To
More informationGetting started with Mobile Studio.
Getting started with Mobile Studio. IMPORTANT!!! DO NOT PLUG THE MOBILE STUDIO BOARD INTO THE USB PORT YET. First Lab: For the first lab experiment you will essentially play with the Mobile Studio Board
More informationLAB I. INTRODUCTION TO LAB EQUIPMENT
LAB I. INTRODUCTION TO LAB EQUIPMENT 1. OBJECTIVE In this lab you will learn how to properly operate the basic bench equipment used for characterizing active devices: 1. Oscilloscope (Keysight DSOX 1102A),
More informationIntroduction to the Analog Discovery
Introduction to the Analog Discovery The Analog Discovery from Digilent (http://store.digilentinc.com/all-products/scopes-instruments) is a versatile and powerful USB-connected instrument that lets you
More informationLABORATORY 3 v1 CIRCUIT ELEMENTS
University of California Berkeley Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences EECS 100, Professor Bernhard Boser LABORATORY 3 v1 CIRCUIT ELEMENTS The purpose of this laboratory is to familiarize
More informationTELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS By Syed Bakhtawar Shah Abid Lecturer in Computer Science 1 MULTIPLEXING An efficient system maximizes the utilization of all resources. Bandwidth is one of the most precious resources
More informationExponential Waveforms
ENGR 210 Lab 9 Exponential Waveforms Purpose: To measure the step response of circuits containing dynamic elements such as capacitors. Equipment Required: 1 - HP 54xxx Oscilloscope 1 - HP 33120A Function
More informationOn-Line Students Analog Discovery 2: Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG). Two channel oscilloscope
EET 150 Introduction to EET Lab Activity 5 Oscilloscope Introduction Required Parts, Software and Equipment Parts Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 Component /Value Quantity Resistor 10 kω, ¼ Watt, 5% Tolerance
More informationENSC327/328 Communication Systems Course Information. Paul Ho Professor School of Engineering Science Simon Fraser University
ENSC327/328 Communication Systems Course Information Paul Ho Professor School of Engineering Science Simon Fraser University 1 Schedule & Instructor Class Schedule: Mon 2:30 4:20pm AQ 3159 Wed 1:30 2:20pm
More informationE x p e r i m e n t 2 S i m u l a t i o n a n d R e a l - t i m e I m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f a S w i t c h - m o d e D C C o n v e r t e r
E x p e r i m e n t 2 S i m u l a t i o n a n d R e a l - t i m e I m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f a S w i t c h - m o d e D C C o n v e r t e r IT IS PREFERED that students ANSWER THE QUESTION/S BEFORE
More informationGroup: Names: Resistor Band Colors Measured Value ( ) R 1 : 1k R 2 : 1k R 3 : 2k R 4 : 1M R 5 : 1M
2.4 Laboratory Procedure / Summary Sheet Group: Names: (1) Select five separate resistors whose nominal values are listed below. Record the band colors for each resistor in the table below. Then connect
More informationExperiment 1 Introduction to MATLAB and Simulink
Experiment 1 Introduction to MATLAB and Simulink INTRODUCTION MATLAB s Simulink is a powerful modeling tool capable of simulating complex digital communications systems under realistic conditions. It includes
More informationENGR 1110: Introduction to Engineering Lab 7 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
ENGR 1110: Introduction to Engineering Lab 7 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Supplies Needed Motor control board, Transmitter (with good batteries), Receiver Equipment Used Oscilloscope, Function Generator,
More informationPULSE CODE MODULATION (PCM)
PULSE CODE MODULATION (PCM) 1. PCM quantization Techniques 2. PCM Transmission Bandwidth 3. PCM Coding Techniques 4. PCM Integrated Circuits 5. Advantages of PCM 6. Delta Modulation 7. Adaptive Delta Modulation
More informationEXPERIMENT 4 INTRODUCTION TO AMPLITUDE MODULATION SUBMITTED BY
EXPERIMENT 4 INTRODUCTION TO AMPLITUDE MODULATION SUBMITTED BY NAME:. STUDENT ID:.. ROOM: INTRODUCTION TO AMPLITUDE MODULATION Purpose: The objectives of this laboratory are:. To introduce the spectrum
More informationCurve Tracer Laboratory Assistant Using the Analog Discovery Module as A Curve Tracer
Curve Tracer Laboratory Assistant Using the Analog Discovery Module as A Curve Tracer The objective of this lab is to become familiar with methods to measure the dc current-voltage (IV) behavior of diodes
More information