DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY

Transcription

1 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY SECOND EDITION В. Preetham Kumar CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Croup, an informa business

2 Contents Preface Note to Readers on Structure of Book and Exercises Author xiii xvii xix 1 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing Brief Theory of DSP Concepts Applications of DSP Discrete-Time Signals and Systems DSP Software and Programming MATLAB Basics Simulink Basics DSP Hardware and Equipment Sources Measurement Devices Digital Signal Processors Problem Solving Computer Laboratory Hardware Laboratory 17 Bibliography 20 2 Discrete-Time LTI Signals and Systems Brief Theory of Discrete-Time Signals and Systems Linear Convolution Linear Constant Coefficient Difference Equation Introduction to Z-Transforms and the System Function H(z) System Frequency Response H(d a ) Important Types of LTI Systems Problem Solving Computer Laboratory 34 References 40 3 Time and Frequency Analysis of Communication Signals Evolution of the Fourier Transform Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT) Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) Circular Convolution The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Problem Solving Computer Laboratory 58 vii

3 Vlll Contents 3.8 Hardware Laboratory 61 References 62 4 Analog to Digital (A/D) and Digital to Analog (D/A) Conversion Brief Theory of A/D Conversion Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) Time Sampling Amplitude Quantization Binary Encoding Problem Solving Computer Laboratory Hardware Laboratory 81 References 82 5 Digital Filter Design-I: Theory and Software Tools Brief Theory of Digital Filter Design Analog and Digital Filters Analytical Design Techniques for FIR and IIR Digital Filters Analytical Techniques for IIR Digital Filter Design Analytical Techniques for FIR Filter Design Computer Aided Design (CAD) Techniques for FIR and IIR Digital Filters CAD of FIR Filters CAD of IIR Filters Conversion of Analog to Digital Filters Digital Filter Structures Generalized Filter Structures for IIR Systems Generalized Filter Structures for FIR Systems Problem Solving Computer Laboratory 110 References Digital Filter Design-II: Applications Applications of Digital Filtering Brief Introduction to Digital Video Processing Two-Dimensional Discrete Signals Two-Dimensional Discrete Systems Two-Dimensional Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (2-DDTFT) Two-Dimensional Discrete Fourier Transform (2-D DFT) Two-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform (2-D FFT) Simulation of the Two-Dimensional Imaging Process Problem Solving Computer Laboratory 123 References 130

4 ix 7 DSP Hardware Design Background of Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) Main Applications of DSPs Types and Sources of DSP Chips Evolution of Texas Instruments (TI) TMS320 DSP Chips TMS320C6711 DSP Starter Kit (DSK) Programming Languages Software/Hardware Laboratory Using the TI TMS320C6711 DSK (or'c6711 DSK) Study and Testing of the Code Composer Studio (CCS) Experimenting the 'C6711 DSK as a Signal Source Experimenting the 'C6711 DSK as a Real-Time Signal Source Experimenting the 'C6711 DSK as a Sine Wave Generator Experimenting the 'C6711 DSK for Math Operations End Notes 169 References DSP Hardware Design-II Overview of Practical DSP Applications in Communication Engineering Filtering Application to Extract Sinusoidal Signal from a Combination of Two Sinusoidal Signals Filtering Application to Extract Sinusoidal Signal from a Noisy Signal Comparative Study of Using Different Filters on Input Radio Receiver Signal 182 References 190 Appendix A: Agilent Synthesized Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generators 191 A.l Introduction 191 A.2 Technical Specifications 192 A.2.1 Waveforms 192 A.2.2 Frequency Characteristics 192 A.2.3 Sinewave Spectral Purity 193 A.2.4 Signal Characteristics 193 A.2.5 Output Characteristics 194 A.2.6 Modulation 194 A.2.7 Burst 195 A.2.8 Sweep 195 A.2.9 System Characteristics 196 A.2.10 Trigger Characteristics 196 A.2.11 Clock Reference 197

5 x Contents A.2.12 Sync Output 197 A.2.13 General Specifications 197 А.З Operating Instructions of HP 3324A Synthesized Function/Sweep Generator 198 Reference 199 Appendix B: Agilent RF Spectrum Analyzers 201 B.l Introduction 201 B.2 Technical Specifications 202 B.2.1 Frequency Specifications 202 B.2.2 Bandwidth Filters 203 B.2.3 Amplitude Specifications 203 B.3 General Specifications 204 B.3.1 System Options 205 B.3.2 General Options 206 B.4 Operating Instructions 207 Reference 208 Appendix C: Agilent Dynamic Signal Analyzers 209 C.l Introduction 209 C.2 Technical Specifications 210 C.2.1 Frequency Specifications 210 C.2.2 Single Channel Amplitude 211 C.2.3 FFT Dynamic Range 212 C.2.4 Input Noise 212 C.2.5 Window Parameters 213 C.2.6 Single Channel Phase 213 C.2.7 Cross-Channel Amplitude 213 C.2.8 Cross-Channel Phase 213 C.2.9 Input 214 C.2.10 Trigger 215 C.2.11 Tachometer 215 C.2.12 Source Output 216 C.2.13 Digital Interfaces 217 C.2.14 Computed Order Tracking Option 1D0 217 C.2.15 Real-Time Octave Analysis Option 1D1 218 C.2.16 Swept Sine Measurements Option 1D2 219 C.2.17 Arbitrary Waveform Source Option 1D4 219 C.3 General Specifications 219 C.4 Operating Instructions 221 C.4.1 Single Channel Mode Operation 221 C.4.2 Dual Channel Mode Operation 221 Reference 222 Appendix D: Agilent Digitizing Oscilloscopes 223 D.l Introduction 223

6 xi D.2 Performance Characteristics 224 D.2.1 Acquisition: Analog Channels 224 D.2.2 Acquisition: Digital Channels (54621D, 54622D, 54641D, and 54642D Only) 225 D.2.3 Vertical System: Analog Channels 225 D.2.4 Vertical System: Digital Channels (54621D, 54622D, 54641D, and 54642D Only) 228 D.2.5 Horizontal 229 D.2.6 Trigger System 230 D.2.7 Analog Channel Triggering 232 D.2.8 Digital (D15 - DO) Channel Triggering (54621D, 54622D, 54641D, and 54642D) 232 D.2.9 External (EXT) Triggering 233 D.2.10 Display System 233 D.2.11 Measurement Features 234 D.2.12 FFT 234 D.2.13 Storage 235 D.2.14 I/O 235 D.2.15 General Characteristics 236 D.2.16 Power Requirements 236 D.2.17 Environmental Characteristics 237 D.2.18 Other Information 237 D.3 Operating Instructions 238 References 238 Appendix E: Texas Instruments DSPs and DSKs 239 E.l Introduction to Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) 239 E.l.l Alternative Solutions to Digital Signal Processors 240 E.2 Texas Instruments DSP Product Tree 241 E.3 TMS320C6000 Platform Overview Page 242 E.3.1 Code-Compatible Generations 242 E.3.2 С Compiler 243 E.3.3 C6000 Signal Processing Libraries and Peripheral Drivers 243 E.4 TMS320C6711 DSP Chip 243 E.4.1 Timing 244 Polling 244 Interrupts 245 E.5 TMS320C6711 Digital Signal Processing Starter Kit (DSK) 246 E.5.1 Hardware and Software Components of the DSK 246 Software Hardware 246 E.6 С Files for Practical Applications Using the 'C6711 DSK 248 E.6.1 Signal Generation Applications Using the 'C6711 DSK E.6.2 Spectral Analysis Applications Using the 'C6711 DSK E.6.3 Digital Filtering Applications Using the 'C6711 DSK 255 References 260

7 xii Contents Appendix F: List of DSP Laboratory Equipment Manufacturers 261 F.l Introduction to DSP Laboratory Equipment 261 F.2 Digitizing Oscilloscopes 261 F.3 Synthesized Signal Generators 262 F.4 Dynamic Signal Analyzers 268 F.5 Spectrum Analyzers 269 References 272 Index 273