ENGR 1202-EE1 Project: Bluetooth Antenna Fabrication in the Clean Room. Team 4: Collin Black, Tyler Martin, Dalton Vance

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1 ENGR 1202-EE1 Project: Bluetooth Antenna Fabrication in the Clean Room Team 4: Collin Black, Tyler Martin, Dalton Vance

2 Problem Statement: Conduct Research required to design and fabricate an antenna The max size is 20mm by 20mm and the minimum size is 10mm by 1omm No shape corners Determine the best conductor The antenna can be Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, RFID, or GPS

Research of Bluetooth Bluetooth uses radio waves instead of wires or cables They are only capable of short range (10m) and operate at 2.45 gigahertz.

3 Research of Bluetooth Bluetooth uses radio waves instead of wires or cables They are only capable of short range (10m) and operate at 2.45 gigahertz. Bluetooth devices consume a small amount of energy, many devices can run off of very small battery's for months.

Research of RFID Radio Frequency Identification is the use of radio waves to read information stored on a tag. There are two types of RFID passive and battery powered.

4 Research of RFID Radio Frequency Identification is the use of radio waves to read information stored on a tag. There are two types of RFID passive and battery powered. Passive- uses interrogator s radio wave energy to send information back to the interrogator. Battery powered- uses a small battery to relay the information. RFID can use a frequency of 125KHz, MHz or 860 to 930 MHz.

5 Research of Wi-fi Wi-fi stands for wireless fidelity Wi-fi uses a network of radio waves to transmit information Wi-fi needs a larger system of devices including a computer, router and servers The frequency used is 2.45 gigahertz

6 Research of GPS GPS stands for Global Positioning system. GPS works by connecting to 3 or 4 of the nearest satellites in orbit. The satellites then transmit the information to a receiver on earth. The frequency of a GPS signal is 1572 MHz or 1227 Mhz.

7 Our Choice As a team we decided to use a quarter wavelength, aluminum Bluetooth antenna. We used quarter wavelength to make the antenna smaller and cheaper. We chose aluminum because it was the cheapest, offered good conductivity, and easy manufacturing.

8 Antenna Length Calculations Bluetooth Range: MHz Midpoint = = MHz Total Wavelength: λ = c f = (108 ) = m or mm Quater Wavelength: 1 4λ mm = = mm 4 Final Antenna Length: mm

9 Safety in the Clean Room Each team member had to complete the clean room safety test before we could enter the clean room. We had to wear clean room garments to avoid contaminating the air. Gloves and goggles were required to be used when working with acids. This image shows the safety gloves, safety goggles and clean room garments

Dimension Drawing Quarter Wavelength for 2448.

10 Dimension Drawing Quarter Wavelength for MHz Antenna Length is 30.61mm Auto-Cad dimension drawing

11 Decision Matrix We choose Aluminum as our conductor Our strongest points: Cost Conductivity

12 The Mask The Mask was designed in Aut0CAD for the photolithography process. Each square was made to be 16mm by 16mm The design was printed onto clear plastic by an inkjet printer. Above: Cutting out the Mask The Mask

Photolithography Photoresist was applied and it was spun a 4k rpm.

Next the wafer was placed on the UV lamp with the mask for one minute

Last the remaining photoresist was developed and rinsed.

13 Photolithography Photoresist was applied and it was spun a 4k rpm. Then the wafer was soft baked for 1 minute on a hot plate. Next the wafer was placed on the UV lamp with the mask for one minute to remove the photoresist outside of our mask lines. Last the remaining photoresist was developed and rinsed. Appling photoresist to the wafer Above: Placing the wafer and mask on the UV lamp Below: Developing the exposed photoresist

Conductor Etching The antenna wafers were dipped

14 Conductor Etching The antenna wafers were dipped into an acid to etch away the aluminum not protected by the photoresist. After etching the wafers were placed in DI water for cleaning. Placing the wafer in aluminum etch Etching away the unprotected aluminum Placing the etched wafers in deionized water

To do this, we used an automated diamond saw to slice along the box lines

15 Dicing and Final Product The last step of the process was to cut the individual antenna out of the wafer. To do this, we used an automated diamond saw to slice along the box lines from our design. ms.cfm?menuid=m_6_4 A single antenna with a dime for scale The dicing saw

16 Big Picture Issues The internet of things Bluetooth devices could be used to connect devices all through a house. There low power consumption is ideal for devices that will be on extended periods of time. les/testing-for-securitywith-the-internet-of-things

17 Possible Improvements Reduce the size of a single antenna to fit more on a wafer, this will lower cost and make the process more efficient. With an improved mask, the photoresist process would leave clean and unbroken lines allowing for better connectivity.

Bluetooth antennas are the cheapest solution for short distance transmissions.

18 Conclusion We were able to create a Bluetooth antenna for around $1 each. The demand for Bluetooth devices is steadily increasing. Bluetooth antennas are the cheapest solution for short distance transmissions. Their low power usage makes them ideal for cheap consumer products.

19 Statement of Original Work As a team, we certify that all work presented is our original work.

20 Refrences "How it works Bluetooth Technology Website." Bluetooth. Accessed March 14, "What is RFID?" EPC-RFID. Accessed March 14, "What is WiFi and How Does it Work?" CCM. Accessed March 14, "How GPS Works." How GPS Works. Accessed March 14,

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