Greater insight. Greater confidence. Accelerate next-generation wireless. Introduction to ac WLAN Technology and Testing

Transcription

1 Greater insight. Greater confidence. Accelerate next-generation wireless. Introduction to ac WLAN Technology and Testing

2 Agenda WLAN Market Update IEEE Standards Evolution Overview of ac Performance Goals and Timeline Review of n New Enhancements for ac Design and Test Challenges Transmitter Tests Receiver Tests Summary of Measurement Solutions 2

3 WLAN Market Update WLAN retail and enterprise market growth rate for 2010 estimated at 12% (IDC) to 23% (Infonetics). For first 3 quarters of 2011, IDC estimated quarterly growth rates of 16% to > 20% year-over-year. Growth drivers: Integration of WLAN into more consumer products: smartphones, digital cameras, e-readers, media players, gaming consoles, Blu-ray players, HDTVs Increasing adoption and use of WLAN in companies, small office/home office, hospitals, etc. Enterprise market growing faster than retail market. Use of WLAN to offload data from cellular networks New applications: health/fitness, medical, smart meters, home automation Multi-format chipsets are increasingly common, mostly WLAN + Bluetooth or WLAN + Bluetooth + FM today, some include cellular, WiMAX, and/or GPS: need to test multiple technologies/formats and avoid interference 3

4 New Applications for WLAN Growth of high-definition video and desire for wireless connections is driving need for higher data rates for applications such as: Wireless display Distribution of video/media content throughout the home or office Rapid file upload/download (sync devices, movie kiosks) Example data rates: Application Data Rate (Mbps) Interactive videoconferencing 0.38 to 0.5 Internet video streaming 2.5 to 8 HDTV 19.4 to 25 Blu-Ray 40 Uncompressed video, good quality (8-bits/color, 1920x1080p, 24 fps, 4:2:2) Uncompressed video, best quality (10-bits/color, 1920x1080p, 60 fps, 4:4:4)

5 IEEE Standards Evolution WLAN Mbps, DSSS, FHSS b 11 Mbps, CCK, DSSS a 54 Mbps, OFDM, 5 GHz g 54 Mbps, OFDM, 2.4 GHz n 600 Mbps with 4x4 MIMO, 20/40 MHz BW, 2.4 or 5 GHz p 27 Mbps, 10 MHz BW, 5.9 GHz Wireless Access for Vehicular Environment (WAVE/DSRC) af TVWS TV White Spaces ac Very High Throughput, <6 GHz Wireless Gigabit (WiGig) ad Very High Throughput, 60 GHz DSRC = Dedicated Short-Range Communications 5

6 Introduction to ac Standard: Enhancements for Very High Throughput (VHT) Standard under development by IEEE ac Task Group (TGac) - Draft 2.0 released in January Standard completion planned for Dec Minimum very high throughput goal of 1 Gbps Wi-Fi Alliance task group defining market requirements for ac. Expects certification to launch by late 2012, prior to standard being finalized ABI Research (Sept. 2011): ac shipments will begin in 2012, becoming dominant Wi-Fi protocol by Most products will be n/802.11ac dual-band chipsets - 1x ac chipsets will remain dominant until 2015 when they will be surpassed by 2x2 and 3x3 chipsets In-Stat (Jan. 2012): Expect nearly 500 million ac devices by 2015, including 184 million notebooks and 165 million smartphones ac products announced by Quantenna, Broadcom, Redpine, Trendnet. Broadcom is marketing ac as 5G WiFi ( 6

7 Review of n: Basis for ac Feature Mandatory Optional Transmission method OFDM Channel bandwidth 20 MHz 40 MHz FFT size Data subcarriers / pilots 52 / / 6 Subcarrier spacing khz OFDM symbol duration 4 ms (800 ns guard interval) 3.6 ms (with 400 ns short guard interval) Modulation types BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM Forward error correction Binary convolutional coding (BCC) Low density parity check (LDPC) Coding rates 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 MCS supported 0 to 7, 0 to 15 for access points 8 to 76, 16 to 76 for APs Spatial streams and MIMO Operating mode / PPDU format 1, 2 for access points direct mapping Legacy/non-HT (802.11a/b/g) Mixed/HT-mixed (802.11a/b/g/n) 3 or 4 streams Tx beamforming, STBC Greenfield/HT-Greenfield (802.11n only) 7

8 Changes and Enhancements for ac Wider channels Higher-order modulation More spatial streams and antennas (up to 8) Multi-user MIMO Feature Mandatory Optional Channel bandwidth 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz 160 MHz, MHz FFT size 64, 128, Data subcarriers / pilots 52 / 4, 108 / 6, 234 / / 16 Modulation types BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM 256QAM MCS supported 0 to 7 8 and 9 Spatial streams and MIMO 1 2 to 8 Tx beamforming, STBC Multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) Operating mode / PPDU format Very high throughput / VHT Data rates: Best case: 6.93 Gbps (160 MHz, 8 Tx, MCS9, short GI) Typical case: 1.56 Gbps (80 MHz, 4 Tx, MCS9) 8

9 802.11ac Channelization Operates in 5-6 GHz band only, not in 2.4 GHz band Mandatory support for 20, 40, and 80 MHz channels 40 MHz same as n. 80 MHz has more than 2x data subcarriers: 80 MHz has 234 data subcarriers + 8 pilots vs. 108 data subcarriers + 6 pilots for 40 MHz Optional support for contiguous 160 MHz and non-contiguous MHz transmission and reception. 160 MHz tone allocation is the same as two 80 MHz channels. U.S. region frequency allocation (shown below) includes MHz channels not available elsewhere. (Need to avoid weather radars in some areas) These frequencies are not available in Europe, Japan and other regions 245 MHz Adapted from Specification Framework, IEEE /0992r15, Updated based on ac/D1.0 Page 9

10 802.11ac VHT PPDU Format: New VHT Preamble L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG: Similar to same fields in a/b/g (clause 17 in standard) Transmitted first for backwards compatibility Fields are duplicated over each 20 MHz sub-band with appropriate phase rotation (see in standard). Subcarriers are rotated by 90 or 180 degrees in certain sub-bands to reduce PAPR. Cyclic shift delay applied to each transmit chain when applicable VHT-SIG-A PPDU = PLCP Protocol Data Unit PLCP = Physical Layer Convergence Procedure 1 st symbol of VHT-SIG-A is BPSK, while 2 nd symbol is BPSK with 90 degrees rotation (QBPSK) to enable auto-detection of VHT Contains info required to interpret VHT packets (BW, number of streams, STBC used, guard interval, BCC or LDPC coding, MCS, beamforming) n PPDU (Mixed Mode) ac VHT PPDU L-STF L-LTF L-SIG HT-SIG HT-STF HT-LTFs HT Data 2 symbols 2 symbols 1 symbol, 2 symbols, BPSK QBPSK 1 symbol 1 symbol/ltf, 4 LTFs max 1 symbol = 4 ms L-STF L-LTF L-SIG VHT-SIG-A VHT-STF VHT-LTFs VHT- SIG-B VHT Data 2 symbols 2 symbols 1 symbol, 1 sym BPSK, BPSK 1 sym QBPSK 1 symbol 1 symb/ltf, 8 LTFs max 1 symbol Page 10 October 2011

11 802.11ac VHT PPDU Format: New VHT Preamble VHT Short Training Fields (VHT-STF): Used to improve automatic gain control estimation in MIMO transmission VHT Long Training Fields (VHT-LTF) Long training fields: may include 1, 2, 4, 6, or 8 VHT-LTFs. Mapping matrix for 1, 2, or 4 VHT-LTFs (same as in n) or 6 or 8 VHT-LTFs (added for ac) n PPDU (Mixed Mode) ac VHT PPDU L-STF L-LTF L-SIG HT-SIG HT-STF HT-LTFs HT Data 2 symbols 2 symbols 1 symbol, 2 symbols, BPSK QBPSK 1 symbol 1 symbol/ltf, 4 LTFs max 1 symbol = 4 ms VHT-SIG-B: Describes length of data and MCS for multi-user mode. Bits are repeated for each 20 MHz subband. L-STF L-LTF L-SIG VHT-SIG-A VHT-STF VHT-LTFs VHT- SIG-B VHT Data 2 symbols 2 symbols 1 symbol, 1 sym BPSK, BPSK 1 sym QBPSK 1 symbol 1 symb/ltf, 8 LTFs max 1 symbol Page 11 October 2011

12 Multiple Antenna Techniques in ac Spatial Expansion (Transmit Diversity) Space-time block coding (STBC) Spatial division multiplexing (direct mapping) X 1 y 1 MIMO Multi-user MIMO 4 streams, 3 users X 1, X 2 X 2 y 2 Receive Diversity y 1, y 2 Transmit Beamforming -X 2, X 1 * MIMO (4x2) Diversity Improve robustness Matrix Spatial multiplexing Improve user throughput Downlink only Up to 4 users Up to 4 streams/user Total 8 streams max Multi-user Increase system efficiency 12

13 PHY Padding Scrambler Encoder Parser FEC Encoder FEC Encoder Stream Parser Space time block coding (STBC) Spatial Mapping Transmitter Block Diagram, Single User BCC Interleaver Constellation mapper LDPC tone mapper IDFT Insert GI and Window Analog and RF BCC Interleaver Constellation mapper LDPC tone mapper CSD IDFT Insert GI and Window Analog and RF BCC Interleaver Constellation mapper LDPC tone mapper CSD IDFT Insert GI and Window Analog and RF 1 to 8 outputs BCC or LDPC used, not both 1 to 8 inputs From Figure 22-6, IEEE P802.11ac/D1.4 13

14 PHY Padding Scrambler Encoder Parser BCC Encoder Stream Parser STBC BCC Encoder Spatial Mapping PHY Padding Scrambler LDPC Encoder Stream Parser STBC Transmitter Block Diagram, Multi-User MIMO Constellation mapper... LDPC tone mapper IDFT Insert GI and Window Analog and RF User 1 (Using LDPC) Constellation mapper LDPC tone mapper CSD IDFT Insert GI and Window Analog and RF BCC Interleaver Constellation mapper CSD BCC Interleaver Constellation mapper CSD IDFT Insert GI and Window Analog and RF User N (Using BCC) 1 to 4 users, Up to 4 streams per user Maximum 8 streams total 1 to 8 inputs From Figure 22-7, IEEE P802.11ac/D1.4 14

15 Design Challenges: 256QAM Modulation 256QAM requires better error vector magnitude (EVM) performance Transmitter relative constellation error (EVM) spec for 256QAM is -32 db vs. -28 db for 64QAM Achieving better EVM requires better linearity and phase noise Errors may be due to imperfections in IQ modulator, phase noise or error in LO, or amplifier nonlinearity Some phase noise can be removed by phase tracking in receiver, but phase changes faster than a symbol period will not be tracked: will impact EVM Agilent design tools: SystemVue W1917 WLAN Baseband Verification Library can simulate effects of various errors to assist in optimizing design VSA software can help identify causes of EVM 15

16 Simulate Errors and Optimize System Design with SystemVue W1917 WLAN Baseband Verification Library version includes signal processing blocks and ac reference designs for transmitter and receiver Allows early system architecture simulation and analysis, algorithm development, or troubleshooting Go from design to test: generate I/Q waveform files for download to signal generator, or analyze signals using VSA software Supported features: - All channel bandwidths, modulation types and MCS including 256QAM - BCC and LDPC coding, STBC spatial streams, up to 8 Tx antennas - Single-user and multi-user MIMO - Spatial mapping: direct mapping, spatial expansion, or user defined - WLAN TGac channel model - Receiver supports timing and frequency sync, channel estimation and phase tracking, demapping and decoding 16

17 802.11ac Signal Analysis with VSA Channel Frequency Response Option BHJ ac Modulation Analysis supports all bandwidths and modulation types, up to 4x4 MIMO VSA software provides flexible display for optimal viewing of MIMO results: Channel Matrix EVM vs. Symbol EVM vs. Subcarrier Metrics per STS Up to 20 simultaneous traces and up to 20 markers per trace Arbitrary arrangement and size of windows Supports variety of hardware configurations for the performance, bandwidth, and number of channels you need 17

18 Example: Troubleshooting EVM with VSA V shape of EVM vs. carrier indicates problem with IQ timing skew EVM improved from db to db after IQ skew adjustment OFDM Error Summary display shows IQ offset, quadrature error, gain imbalance, and timing skew 18

19 Improving PA Linearity with Digital Predistortion SystemVue W1716 DPD Builder simplifies and automates digital predistortion (DPD) design for power amplifiers DPD requires 3-5 times the signal BW of the PA under test: need wideband signal generation and analysis 1. Stimulus waveform downloaded to wideband AWG, upconvert to RF with MXG or ESG signal generator 2. PA s response captured using M9392A and VSA software 3. W1716 compares PA s response vs. desired signal and creates DPD model 4. W1716 creates waveform with DPD and downloads to AWG. PA response measured to verify DPD. Green = original signal Blue = PA without DPD Red = PA with DPD 19

20 Test Challenge: Generating Wider Bandwidth Signals ac Waveform Creation Software SystemVue W1917 WLAN Baseband Verification Library release includes ac reference designs for transmitter and receiver Supports BCC and LDPC coding, all channel bandwidths and MCS, SU- MIMO and MU-MIMO with up to 8 spatial streams, channel model N7617B Signal Studio for WLAN Basic option for component test, advanced option for receiver test Supports BCC and LDPC coding, all MCS, up to 4 spatial streams, and SU- MIMO or MU-MIMO Create 20, 40, and 80 MHz BW signals with N5182A MXG, E4438C ESG, E8267D PSG, and N5106A PXB Create MHz signals with two ESGs or MXGs (RF summing) 20

21 Hardware for Generating 80 MHz Signals Sampling rate limitations Max sample rate for many RF signal generators cannot support 2x oversampling for 80 MHz bandwidth signals 1x oversampling results in images at band edges from aliasing: need to use fractional oversampling to allow filtering of images Recommended HW: N5182A MXG (better EVM performance than E4438C ESG) 1x OSR Signal from N5182A MXG with images at band edges N7617B Signal Studio Waveform from N5182A MXG: no images 21

22 Hardware for Generating 160 MHz Signals Use wideband arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) to create analog I/Q signal, apply to external I/Q inputs in RF signal generator 160 MHz signal from 81180A and N5182A MXG Need I/Q adjustments (example: IQ skew, gain balance) Recommended Agilent wideband AWGs: 81180A: 12 bits, up to 4.2 Gsa/s, 1 GHz BW/channel, 64MSa memory M8190A: 12 or 14 bits, up to 12 Gsa/s, 5 GHz analog BW, 2GSa memory, AXIe form factor 81180A M8190A Use wideband AWGs with SystemVue waveform files 22

23 Test Challenge: Analyzing Wider Bandwidth Signals Analyzer hardware needs to support 40, 80, and 160 MHz BW signals Digital predistortion may require measuring 3 to 5 times the BW of desired signal: up to 800 MHz for 160 MHz signal Software: all channel BWs supported by VSA Hardware for single-channel measurements: N9030A PXA signal analyzer: up to 160 MHz demodulation BW, best performance N9020A MXA signal analyzer: up to 40 MHz demod BW M9392A PXI Microwave VSA: up to 250 MHz BW Infiniium or Infiniivision oscilloscopes: 1 GHz or wider BW 23

24 Test Challenge: Analyzing Wider Bandwidth Signals (MIMO) Hardware for MIMO measurements: N7109A PXIe Multi-Channel Signal Analysis System: 2 or 4 channels, 40 MHz demodulation BW, 20 MHz to 6 GHz M9392A PXI Microwave VSA: 2 channels, up to 250 MHz BW PXI MIMO System, includes M9362A-D01 Quad Microwave Downconverter, M9202A digitizers, M9368C attenuator, M9352A IF amp/attenuator, M9302A LO: PXIe, 780 GHz BW, up to 4 channels Infiniium or Infiniivision oscilloscopes: 1 GHz or wider BW, 4 channels 24

25 802.11ac Signal Analysis Solutions Single Channel 2x2 MIMO 3x3, 4x4 MIMO 20 or 40 MHz BW PXA/MXA/EXA Signal Analyzers MXA/EXA (25 MHz BW) N7109A Multi-Channel Signal Analysis System N7109A Multi-Channel Signal Analysis System VSA Software Infiniium Oscilloscopes Infiniium Oscilloscopes Supports all ac channel BWs PXA Signal Analyzer (160 MHz BW) M9392A PXI Microwave VSA (250 MHz BW) PXI Quad-Downconverter MIMO System (780 MHz BW) Up to 4x4 MIMO >40 MHz BW M9392A PXI Microwave VSA (250 MHz BW) PXI Quad-Downconverter MIMO System (780 MHz BW) Infiniium Oscilloscopes Infiniium Oscilloscopes Page 25

26 Transmitter Tests Section in ac Standard Transmit spectrum mask Spectral flatness Transmit center frequency tolerance Packet alignment Symbol clock frequency tolerance Modulation accuracy Transmit center frequency leakage Transmitter constellation error (EVM) Most tests are similar to n; next slides will review some differences and specification changes 26

27 Transmit Spectrum Mask Spectral mask for 20 and 40 MHz are same as for n, except as shown in table 80 MHz spectral mask is an extension of 40 MHz mask Measured with 100 khz resolution bandwidth, 30 khz video bandwidth Signal BW Offset Frequency n ac 20 MHz > 30 MHz Max of -45 dbr or -53 dbm/mhz Max of -40 dbr or -53 dbm/mhz 40 MHz > 60 MHz Max of -45 dbr or -56 dbm/mhz Max of -40 dbr or -56 dbm/mhz 80/160 MHz > 120/240 MHz Not applicable Max of -40 dbr or -59 dbm/mhz 40 MHz Channel 80 MHz Channel dbr = db relative to maximum spectral density of the signal 27

28 Transmit Spectrum Mask for 160 and MHz 160 MHz spectral mask is an extension of 40 and 80 MHz masks For MHz, mask is linear sum of the separate 80 MHz masks for values from -20 dbr to -40 dbr. For values from 0 to -20 dbr, use higher value. 160 MHz Channel Example spectral mask for MHz signals, with center frequencies separated by 160 MHz 28

29 Spectral Flatness Specified as deviation in power of each tested subcarrier from the average power over a set of subcarriers with specified range of indices (same method as n) Limits relaxed by 2 db from the max/min values allowed for n: allows more in-band filter ripple for better out-of-band rejection for transmitters ac a/n +4, -6 db ±4 db 20,40,80 MHz ±2 db +2, -4 db 160 MHz middle ~70% of subcarriers Page 29 October 2011

30 Transmitter Relative Constellation Error (RCE) or Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) Test method same as n: Channel estimation (equalizer training) based on preamble only Pilots used for phase tracking Minimum 16 data symbols in frame, RMS average over at least 20 frames Modulation Coding Rate n RCE (db) ac RCE (db) BPSK 1/ QPSK 1/ QPSK 3/ QAM 1/ QAM 3/ QAM 2/ QAM 3/ QAM 5/ QAM 3/4 N/A QAM 5/6 N/A

31 Receiver Tests Section in ac Standard Minimum input level sensitivity Adjacent channel rejection Nonadjacent channel rejection Receiver maximum input level Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) sensitivity Again, most tests are similar to n; focus on key differences 31

32 Receiver Minimum Input Level Sensitivity At input levels listed below, packet error rate shall be less than 10% for a PSDU length of 4096 octets. Applies to non-stbc modes, 800 ns guard interval, BCC coding. Specs same as n, with additions for ac MCS and bandwidths. Modulation Coding Rate Minimum Sensitivity Level (dbm) 20 MHz 40 MHz 80 MHz 160 or MHz BPSK 1/ QPSK 1/ QPSK 3/ QAM 1/ QAM 3/ QAM 2/ QAM 3/ QAM 5/ QAM 3/ QAM 5/

33 Adjacent & Nonadjacent Channel Rejection Test procedure: Desired signal set to 3 db above minimum sensitivity level. Apply interfering signal of same BW in adjacent or nonadjacent channel. Interferer is a conformant OFDM signal that is unsynchronized with desired signal, with minimum duty cycle of 50%. Interfering signal power increased until 10% PER occurs for PSDU length of 4096 octets. Power difference between interfering and desired signal is the rejection. For MHz, test done for channel below lower 80 MHz segment and channel above higher 80 MHz segment; use smaller rejection value. 33

34 Adjacent & Nonadjacent Channel Rejection Specs same as n, with additions for ac MCS and bandwidths. Minimum Adjacent and Nonadjacent Channel Rejection Levels Modulation Coding Rate Adjacent Channel Rejection (db) 20/40/80/ 160 MHz MHz 20/40/80 /160 MHz Nonadjacent Channel Rejection (db) MHz BPSK 1/ QPSK 1/ QPSK 3/ QAM 1/ QAM 3/ QAM 2/ QAM 3/ QAM 5/ QAM 3/ QAM 5/

35 Summary ac new PHY features will include: Wider channel bandwidths: 40 and 80 MHz mandatory, 160 and MHz optional Higher order modulation: 256QAM More spatial streams and antennas: up to 8 Multi-user MIMO on downlink: up to 4 users, up to 4 streams per user, 8 streams total Design challenges to deal with wider BW signals that require better EVM to support 256QAM Transmitter and receiver tests mostly the same as n with additions for new bandwidths and modulation/coding rates Agilent tools are available to address challenges from system simulation and design to test, covering all ac bandwidths including 160 MHz. 35

36 Agilent: First to Market with ac Test Solutions Signal Creation SW Signal Generation Hardware Signal Analysis Hardware Signal Analysis SW SystemVue W1917 WLAN Library W1716 DPD Builder N5182A MXG Signal Generator 81180A Wideband AWG PXA/MXA/EXA Signal Analyzers Infiniium & Infiniivision Oscilloscopes VSA Software N7617B Signal Studio E4438C ESG Signal Generator M8190A Wideband AWG M9392A PXI Microwave VSA N7109A Multi- Channel Signal Analysis System Multi-channel Baseband Signal Generation N5106A PXB Baseband Generator and Channel Emulator PXI Quad-Downconverter MIMO System Configurations for: 40, 80 or 160 MHz Channel Bandwidth Single Channel, 2x2, 3x3 or 4x4 MIMO. 36

37 For More Information Agilent Resources ac application and product info: MIMO application and product info: VSA product information: Additional Webcasts and events: IEEE ac Standard Task group updates: working group project timelines: ac working group documents: 37

38 Appendix: Additional Product Information 38

39 SystemVue W1917 WLAN Baseband Verification Library version includes signal processing blocks and ac reference designs for transmitter and receiver Generate I/Q waveform files for download to instrument, or analyze signals using VSA software Supported features: - 20, 40, 80, 80+80, and 160 MHz BW - BCC and LDPC coding, STBC spatial streams, up to 8 Tx antennas - All modulation types and MCS including 256QAM - Cyclic shift insertion - Single-user and multi-user MIMO - Spatial mapping: direct mapping, spatial expansion, or user defined - WLAN TGac channel model - Receiver supports timing and frequency sync, channel estimation and phase tracking, demapping and decoding Price: SystemVue starts at $17,000 (U.S. list price). W1917 is $15,

40 N5182A MXG and E4438C ESG RF Vector Signal Generators N5182A MXG E4438C ESG 100 khz to 6 GHz 64 MSa baseband memory 100 MHz modulation BW with internal baseband generator ~200 MHz BW using external I/Q inputs 250 khz to 6 GHz 64 MSa baseband memory 80 MHz modulation BW with internal baseband generator ~200 MHz BW using external I/Q inputs Opt. 012 provides LO in/out for phase coherency for MIMO 40

41 81180A 12-bit Arbitrary Waveform Generator Variable sample rate from 10 MSa/s to 4.2 GSa/s 1 or 2 channels, coupled and phase coherent or uncoupled 1 GHz modulation bandwidth per channel (2 GHz IQ modulation) 1.5 GHz carrier frequency Up to 64 MSa memory Advanced sequencing capabilities 2 markers with adjustable width and levels 41

42 M8190A 12 GSa/s Arbitrary Waveform Generator Precision AWG with two DAC settings - 14-bit resolution up to 8 GSa/s - 12-bit resolution up to 12 GSa/s Variable sample rate from 125 MSa/s to 8 / 12 GSa/s Spurious-free-dynamic range (SFDR) up to 80 dbc typical Harmonic distortion (HD) up to-72 dbc typical Up to 2 GSa arbitrary waveform memory per channel with advanced sequencing Analog bandwidth 5 GHz (direct DAC out) AXIe modular form factor 42

43 M9330A and N8241A Arbitrary Waveform Generators M9330A: PXI, 15-bits, 1.25 GSa/s N8241A: LXI module, 15-bits, 1.25 GSa/s or 625 MSa/s Up to 500 MHz BW per channel for 1.25 Gsa/s, 250 MHz per channel for 625 Msa/s < -65 dbc spurious-free dynamic range 8 or 16 Msamples waveform memory per channel Supports sequencing M9330A N8241A Note: These products are not recommended for ac due to lack of an adjustment for IQ skew, resulting in poor EVM in the RF signal. 43

44 Agilent Wideband Arbitrary Waveform Generators Max Sample Rate 8 GSa/s and 12 GSa/s (variable) M8190A 81180A N8241A / M9330A 4.2 GS/s (variable) 1.25 GS/s (fixed) Resolution 14-bit 8 GSa/s, 12-bit 12 GSa/s 12 bit 4 Markers 15 bit 4 Markers Sample Memory 128 MSa, 2 GSsa 16 / 64 MSa 8 / 16 MSa Max. Bandwidth per channel Spurious-free Dynamic Range Harmonic Distortion 5 GHz 1 GHz (1.5 GHz RF) 500 MHz <-80 dbc, (fout = 100 MHz, measured DC to 1 GHz) -68 dbc (fout = MHz) <- 72 dbc (fout = 100 MHz, fs = 7.2 GHz, 700 mvpp direct DAC output) < -50 dbc (up to 500 MHz, with optional reconstruction filter) < -58 dbc (SClk 4.2 GHz, 32 pt sine waveform) < -75 dbc (1 khz MHz) < -65 dbc (DC MHz) Phase Noise / Floor - 90 dbc/hz -90 khz -115 khz Output amplitude/offset Sequencing DAC: 700 mvpp DC: 1 Vpp, in 1 V to + 3 V window AC: + 10 dbm 256K segments, 4M loops granularity: 48/64, 2 loop levels 500 mvpp; +/- 1.5 V Offset, DC amp: 2 Vpp 16K Segments, 1M loops 16K Sequences, 1K Scenario Table 500 mvpp; +/- 0.2 V Offset 512K Segments, 1M loops 32K Sequences, Infinite 16K Scenarios Table Form factor Modular, AXIe Stand-alone instrument Modular, PXI, LXI 44 Price range $76K (1ch, 128M, no SEQ, AMP) $148K (2ch fully loaded) $46K (1ch, 16 MS memory) $81K (2ch, 64 MS memory) $40K (2 ch, 8M) $68K (2 ch, 16M, Seq, DDS)

45 Comparison of PXA and PXI Signal Analysis Solutions PXA Signal Analyzer M9392A PXI Microwave VSA PXI Quad-Downconverter MIMO System Number of channels 1 up to 160 MHz BW 2 up to 40 MHz BW (available H2 2012) 1 available now, up to 2 (available March 27) Analysis BW 160 MHz 250 MHz (2.25 to 26.5 GHz) 40 MHz (50 MHz to 2.9 GHz) RF frequency range 3 Hz to 8.4, 13.6, 26.5, 44, 50 GHz Swept Measurements (spectrum mask, spurious, harmonics) Typical EVM Yes -49 to -51 db (80 MHz BW) -47 to -49 db (160 MHz BW) Up to 4 (available March 27) 780 MHz 50 MHz to 26.5 GHz 10 MHz to 26.5 GHz No (spectrum mask available as macro for VSA SW) -44 to -46 db (80 MHz) -41 to -43 db (160 MHz) No (spectrum mask available as macro for VSA SW) -44 to -46 db (80 MHz) -41 to -43 db (160 MHz) VSA Control Full HW control Full HW control Digitizer control only; separate drivers or macro for other HW modules Embedded Application (Preconfigured one-button WLAN measurements) N9077A covers a/b/g/n today, new ac option available in August Not available Not available Other Notes Channels independently tuned All channels tune to same frequency (common LO) 45

46 Agilent MIMO Transmitter Test Solutions Key Specs Conditions N7109A Infiniium 90000X Infiniium MXA/EXA Max Channels 4 Rx Channels (phase coherent) 4 Rx Channels (phase coherent) 4 Rx Channels (phase coherent) Frequency Range 20 MHz to 6 GHz DC to 16 GHz,32 GHz DC to 6 GHz,13 GHz Typical EVM (2GHz, 20 MHz BW) n, 2x e, 2x2 LTE, 2x2 LTE, 4x4-44 db -42 db -44 db (0.6%) -41 db (0.9%) db (0.7%) -44 db -39 db -46 db (0.5%) -41 db (0.9%) 2 Rx channels (with 2 MXA/EXA) 20 Hz to 3.6,8.4/7,13.6, 26.5 GHz -47 db -45 db -50 db (0.3%) N/A Measurement Speed Sec/update rd Order Intercept 6 GHz +6 dbm TBD TBD +18/+17 dbm Displayed Average Noise Level Phase Noise 1 GHz Carrier Typical Offsets Amplitude Accuracy 2 GHz -158 dbm/hz TBD TBD 10 khz 100 khz 1 MHz 1 GHz 6 GHz -100 dbc/hz -99 dbc/hz -115 dbc/hz ± 1 db typical ± 2 db typical TBD TBD TBD TBD -151/-148 dbm -166/-161 dbm (w/ preamp) -106/-102 dbc/hz -117/-114 dbc/hz -136/-135 dbc/hz ± 0.23/±0.27 db ± 0.5 db calculated Analysis Bandwidth 40 MHz GHz 6-13 GHz 25 MHz, 40 MHz Opt. Preselected Tuner Yes No No No Max Time Capture Msamples 64 Msa/ch (1 or 2-ch) 32 Msa/ch (4-ch) 2 GSa 1 GSa - 46 Pricing (Hardware) 2-ch 4-ch $77K $96K $131K+ $67K+ $104K/$73K (2-ch only) (8.4GHz,40MHz BW)

47 4-channel MIMO Rx With M9202A, M9302A and M9362A-D01 9 Slots for 4 Channels 16 Slots for 8 Channels Notes: With M9302A LO, minimum RF frequency will be 2.25 GHz. M9362A-D01 has maximum input level of ~ -5 dbm and 0 db gain. Input level to M9202A should be 2 dbm. No gain control in M9362A-D01 or M9202A M9362A-D01 Downconvert er Video Trigger This Channel 100 MHz Out1 100 MHz Out2 47