Understanding Low Phase Noise Signals. Presented by: Riadh Said Agilent Technologies, Inc.
|
|
- Frank Dickerson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Understanding Low Phase Noise Signals Presented by: Riadh Said Agilent Technologies, Inc.
2 Introduction Instabilities in the frequency or phase of a signal are caused by a number of different effects. Each type of noise process has distinct characteristics that can be measured using time domain and frequency techniques. In many cutting edge radar and communication systems, phase noise is the characteristic that limits the system performance. In radar systems, phase noise degrades the ability to process Doppler information in radar. And, in digitally modulated communication system, phase noise degrades error vector magnitude. Frequency Instability Effects I I Q
3 Phase Noise can Matter: A Lot Some Not At All Getting the Best Possible Performance Phase noise may be limiting parameter in measurement/sys. performance Balancing Phase Noise with Cost, Other Factors How to identify, quantify effects Identifying When it s Not Important Phase Noise Tradeoffs Acquisition cost Switching speed Frequency and offset noise 3
4 Agenda Frequency Stability Terminology & representation Architecture implications When Phase Noise Matters Example: Doppler Radar Example: Phase noise and EVM in OFDM signals Degrading phase noise performance for real-world signal substitution Signal Generator Choices, Performance & Tradeoffs Getting the Most from the Signal Generator You Have 4
5 Frequency Stability: Frequency & Time Domain Measurements Random perturbations that appear as instabilities in frequency can be represented in either the frequency domain or the time domain. Frequency Domain - Frequency Offsets of a few Hz to tens of MHz Time Domain - For close-in noise (<<1 Hz) - Short-Term Stability 5
6 Frequency Stability: Short & Long Term Terms, Measurements, Displays Short Term Stability Short term = seconds Terminology: Phase Noise, Jitter L(f) curves, integrated totals, spot measurements, jitter (p-p) Can be a function of both signal generator and frequency reference Long Term Stability Long term = minutes - years Terminology: Accuracy, drift, aging Often determined by frequency reference Understand Your System and its Sensitivity vs. Frequency Detail References Phase Noise Measurement Methods and Techniques 6
7 Pedestals, Slopes & Bumps: Signal Generator Architecture & Phase Noise Example: Agilent PSG Microwave Signal Generator Reference Section Detail References Reducing Phase Noise at Microwave and RF Frequencies Synthesizer Section YIG Oscillator Output section 7
8 Agenda Frequency Stability Terminology & representation Architecture implications When Phase Noise Matters Example: Doppler Radar Example: Phase noise and EVM in OFDM signals Degrading phase noise performance for real-world signal substitution Signal Generator Choices, Performance & Tradeoffs Getting the Most from the Signal Generator You Have 8
9 When Phase Noise Matters Matters More Doppler RADAR OFDM Oscillator substitution ADC testing Matters Less OFDM (matters more and less, depending on offset) Wideband single-carrier modulation Harmonic distortion testing Wideband ACPR testing Amplifier gain testing 9
10 Example: Phase Noise Doppler RADAR 10
11 Phase Noise and RADAR Applications Doppler Example STALO phase noise sidebands with no target clutter P t Detail BW = 1/t References Reducing Phase Noise at Microwave and RF Frequencies PA STALO F 0 IFA LNA F 0r + F d1 F 0 F d1 P r 11
12 Doppler Frequency Shift and Phase Noise Offset Frequencies R Doppler Frequency f d : 2 2 f c f d v R 0 v R Close-In (example: Airport Surveillance Radar) 100 mph, S-band (3 GHz): f d = 900 Hz Wider Offsets (example: Military Radar) Mach 1.5, X-band (10 GHz) f d = 33,000 Hz Detail References Radar & Electronic Warfare Threat Simulation 12
13 Consider Noise Contributions from Amplifiers, Including Broadband Noise PA Pulse Mod BW = 1/t Additive noise of the transmitter is present in the large reflected signal from the clutter and can mask the targets response STALO STALO PA F 0r F d2 13
14 Also Consider Spurious Performance for RADAR and EW Applications Noise and Spurious Effects System Spurious Signals within the Receiver BW BW = 1/t PA STALO F 0,F s1,f s2 IFA LNA F 0 + F d1 F 0 F d1 F s1 F d2 F s2 14
15 Estimating Required Phase Noise Performance STALO PA PULSE MOD Transmitter phase noise sidebands with clutter BW = 1/t Example: 1 GHz Doppler radar Doppler BW = 10 khz Target = 1 m 2 Range = 100 km Min Det Vr = 80 knots Clutter visibility = 80 db STALO PA Transmitter Noise Sidebands: L(f) < Hz offset F 0r F d2 Detail References Introduction to Radar Systems Skolnik 15
16 Example: Phase Noise and OFDM 16
17 OFDM and Pilot Tracking Pilots Shown in Time (I/Q) and Frequency 17
18 OFDM and Pilot Tracking BPSK Pilots: Demodulation Reference, No Data Transmitted Pilot Tracking Tracks Out Some Freq/Phase Instability Instability Not Just Constellation Rotation, also FFT Leakage or Inter-Carrier Interference No Pilot Tracking Pilot Tracking Enabled Common Pilot Error: Phase 18
19 Translating Phase Noise to EVM in OFDM Assumptions Estimating effects of only phase noise and broadband (wide offset) noise Spurious and other nonlinearities are not significant Equalization effective in removing linear errors Pilot tracking is effective to ~10% of subcarrier spacing Common phase error removed in demodulation Example: WiMAX 10 khz subcarrier spacing 10 MHz channel bandwidth 19
20 Example: Phase Noise Contribution to EVM in OFDM Error power calculated on log scale: -95 dbc/hz integ. over ~100 khz & Convert SSB to DSB: add 3 db -95 dbc/hz + 10log(100 khz) + 3 db EVM = -95 db + 50 db + 3 db EVM = -42 db (conservative) 10 MHz Channel Bandwidth 10 khz Subcarrier Spacing 95 dbc/hz pedestal EVM a function of integrated phase noise beyond tracking BW and inside channel BW (and correct SSB to DSB) Phase Noise Tracked Out Integrate Power for Total EVM Phase Noise Filtered Out 20
21 Signal Generation and Signal Analysis for Design & System Integration Q: Generate with no phase noise or representative amount? A: Yes, both Understand ultimate performance and residual error (error budget) Understand phase noise tolerance, design for just good enough performance Q: Measure with pilot tracking enabled or disabled? A: Yes, both Even when tracked out, phase noise can reduce demodulation margins 21
22 Adding Known Phase Noise Using FM Signal Modulated with Uniform Noise Simple Technique for -20 db/decade Detail References Phase Noise Measurement Methods and Techniques Example: Agilent PSG Set up an signal generator for FM modulation, by selecting: FM path 1 FM on FM deviation, as specified FM waveform to noise, uniform Ensure that noise of the PSG in FM off is at least 10 db less than the desired calibrated noise at a desired offset frequency, to ensure accuracy. 22
23 Degrading Phase Noise for Accurate Signal Substitution Simulate VCOs, Lower-Performance Synthesizers When Representative is Better than Perfect Use Baseband Real-Time Processing 23
24 Selectively-Impaired Phase Noise Performance L low L mid L high User sets f1, f2, and Lmid Slope -20dB/decade below f1 and above f2 f 1 f 2 f1=5khz, f2=500khz, Lmid=-80dBc f1=10khz, f2=1mhz, Lmid=-90dBc 24
25 Agenda Frequency Stability Terminology & representation Architecture implications When Phase Noise Matters Example: Doppler Radar Example: Phase noise and EVM in OFDM signals Degrading phase noise performance for real-world signal substitution Signal Generator Choices, Performance & Tradeoffs Getting the Most from the Signal Generator You Have 25
26 Sig. Gen. Choices: Frequency Stability Narrowing the Hardware & Software Choice CW or Analog vs. Digital Modulation or Vector Phase noise performance choices may interact with other capabilities Internal and/or external digital modulation Pulse modulation Internal/external software Memory and/or real-time baseband signal generation Power, distortion Single-Loop vs. Multiple Loop Phase Noise Performance Levels as Options VCO (voltage-controlled oscillator) vs. YIG (yttrium iron garnet) Switching speed, phase noise, cost 26
27 New X-Series Single- & Multiple-Loop Synthesizers Single Loop (example: EXG) Less complex, less expensive Moderate performance, can provide very good ACPR Simpler to design, optimize Multiple Loop (example: MXG) Typically fine loop + offset/step loop + sum loop Better phase noise Lower spurious More optimization choices and flexibility EXG N5172B RF Vector MXG N5182B RF Vector EXG N5173B Microwave Analog MXG N5183B Microwave Analog 27
28 Single vs. Multiple-Loop Architecture New Agilent X-Series (MXG, EXG) SSB Phase 10 GHz EXG MXG standard MXG enhanced low phase noise option 1Hz 10Hz 100Hz 1kHz 10kHz 100kHz 1MHz 10MHz 100MHz L(f) [dbc/hz] vs. Frequency 28
29 MXG N5183B Analog, N5182B Vector Spurious and Broadband Noise May be as Important as phase noise MXG std dbc/hz typ. (20 khz 1 GHz) MXG opt. UNY -146 dbc/hz typ. (20 khz 1 GHz) Spur/Non-Harm. -96 dbc typ. (opt. 1 GHz) khz Broadband Noise -163 dbc typ. (10 MHz 1 GHz) 29
30 Phase Noise (dbc/hz) Phase Noise vs. Frequency Generally Worse with Increasing Frequency Delta = 20*log(N), where N = multiplication factor 0 Agilent PSG Microwave/Millimeter Signal Generator PSG (15 GHz) 60 GHz (15 GHz x4) 90 GHz (15 GHz x6) 120 GHz (15 GHz x8) 180 GHz (15 GHz x12) 270 GHz (15 GHz x18) 450 GHz (15 GHz x30) ,000 10, ,000 1,000,000 10,000,000 Frequency Offset from Carrier (Hz) 30
31 Phase Noise vs. Frequency Not always a Simple Relationship Agilent MXG RF Signal Generator (opt. UNY) 100 Hz 10 khz 1 MHz 10 MHz 31
32 Oscillator and PLL Technologies Affect SSB Curve Shape, Tradeoffs New MXG vs. EXG vs. 100Hz 1kHz 10kHz 100kHz 1MHz 10MHz 100MHz 32
33 Tradeoffs Switching Speed Generally faster with VCOs (vs. YIGs) Faster with wider loop bandwidths But wider loop BW may move noise to undesirable offset region Phase Noise YIGs generally better than VCOs Multi-loop significantly better than single-loop Move problem energy to a non-problem region Optimize for wide offsets vs. optimize for close-in 33
34 Other Capabilities, Tradeoffs vs. Phase Noise Performance Modulation Capability Maximum modulation bandwidth Modulation quality In-band: EVM or MER, etc. Out-of-band: ACPR Modulation inputs & outputs (bandwidths can be different) Pulse Capability Complex pulse scenarios, pulse performance Modulation on pulses, Doppler, PRT Software/application support Multi-Channel Synchronization 34
35 Agenda Frequency Stability Terminology & representation Architecture implications When Phase Noise Matters Example: Doppler Radar Example: Phase noise and EVM in OFDM signals Degrading phase noise performance for real-world signal substitution Signal Generator Choices, Performance & Tradeoffs Getting the Most from the Signal Generator You Have 35
36 Methods for Improving Signal Generator Phase Noise Connect to a Low-Noise External Frequency Reference Advanced Architectural Improvements to the Reference and Synthesizer Design Adjustment of the Reference Oscillator & VCO PLL Bandwidth Use of Dividers at Lower Frequencies Instead of Heterodyne Mixing Detail References Reducing Phase Noise at Microwave and RF Frequencies 36
37 Optimizing Signal Generator Phase Noise Choice of External Reference Oscillator Choosing External Reference Bandwidth Optimizing for Close-In or Wide Offset Noise Optimizing for Broadband Noise Optimizing for low frequency coverage Noise Subtraction, Including Phase Noise Subtraction Read Documentation, Specs for Product-Specific Optimization Choices 37
38 Residual Phase Noise: Comparisons with Perfect Reference Using perfect external10 MHz reference up to 20 db 1 Hz 1Hz 10Hz 100Hz 1kHz 10kHz 100kHz 1MHz 10MHz 100MHz L(f) [dbc/hz] vs. Frequency 38
39 Residual Phase Noise: Comparisons with Perfect Reference Agilent PSG UNY up to 20 db 1 Hz 39
40 Optimize Frequency Reference Choice and Settings: Signal Analyzer Example Quality of external 10 MHz ref. oscillators can make a big difference in phase noise measurements (& signal generation) Detail References Phase Noise Measurement Methods and Techniques External reference lock narrow External reference lock wide If an external reference oscillator has better close-in phase noise than the PXA the wide locking bandwidth can be used to obtain better closein (< 30 Hz) measurement performance. If higher offset frequencies are more important the narrow setting can be used. 40
41 Reference Oscillator PLL Bandwidth Adjustment: PSG Signal Generator The 10 MHz reference signal can be internally generated or externally supplied Detail References Reducing Phase Noise at Microwave and RF Frequencies Adjusting the PLL integrator bandwidth 41
42 PLL Bandwidth Adjustment: PSG Microwave Signal Generator Example 25 Hz 55 Hz 125 Hz 300 Hz 650 Hz 42
43 Optimizing Pedestal Phase Noise: PSG Microwave Signal Generator Example 43
44 Optimizing Signal/Noise vs. Phase Noise 10 khz 1 MHz 10 MHz 44
45 Generating Lower Frequencies: Freq. Division vs. Heterodyne Mixing Frequency division reduces the phase noise sidebands of the signal by a factor of 20 db/decade or 6 db/octave Example: Dividing by 4 reduces phase noise by 12 db. (20*log(1/4) ) Divider tradeoff: Maximum FM and PM deviations are reduced by the same factor as the division number Heterodyne mixing provides fine frequency adjustment while retaining full bandwidth FM and PM Heterodyne mixing tradeoff: Heterodyne mixing to lower frequencies provides no phase noise reduction 45
46 Subtracting Signal Generator Phase Noise Power In some scalar (power) measurements the phase noise contribution from the signal generator can be subtracted from the measured result Raw measurement Reference measurement Result after subtraction 46
47 Subtracting Signal Generator Broadband Noise Power T R A C E A : F 1 P S D 1 / K 1 A M a r k e r Hz d B m / H z B M a r k e r Hz d B m / H z d B m / H z L o g M a g 1 0 d B / d i v d B m / H z C e n t e r : M H z S p a n : 5 0 k H z 47
48 Noise Sidebands May Not Be Entirely Phase Noise AM Noise may be Significant Fraction of Noise Sideband Power AM Noise may Affect a System or Not Example: Pilot Tracking Usually Removes Close-In AM Noise 48 AM Rejection on AM Rejection off AM noise is included in direct noise sideband measurements X-Series phase noise meas. app (N9068A) can reject AM noise < 1 MHz AM rejection can improve phase noise measurements Understand system sensitivity, signal generator AM noise Detail References Phase Noise Measurement Methods and Techniques
49 Phase Noise can Matter: A Lot Some Not At All Getting the Best Possible Performance Phase noise may be limiting parameter in measurement/sys. performance Balancing Phase Noise with Cost, Other Factors How to identify, quantify effects Identifying When it s Not Important Phase Noise Tradeoffs Acquisition cost Switching speed Frequency and offset noise 49
50 References, More Information Techniques for Improving Noise and Spurious in PLLs Eric Drucker, Microwave Journal, May 2012 Reducing Phase Noise At Microwave and RF Frequencies Agilent A/D Symposium 2011 Signal Generators Provide Perfect and Precisely Imperfect Signals Ben Zarlingo, Microwave Journal, May 2012 Testing Low-Noise Components in Pulsed or Moving Target Radars Agilent A/D Symposium 2009 Phase Noise Measurement Methods and Techniques Agilent A/D Symposium 2012 Radar & Electronic Warfare Threat Simulation Agilent A/D Symposium 2011 Introduction to Radar Systems by Merrill Skolnik, 2002, ISBN
51 51
Keysight Technologies
Keysight Technologies Generating Signals Basic CW signal Block diagram Applications Analog Modulation Types of analog modulation Block diagram Applications Digital Modulation Overview of IQ modulation
More information9 Best Practices for Optimizing Your Signal Generator Part 2 Making Better Measurements
9 Best Practices for Optimizing Your Signal Generator Part 2 Making Better Measurements In consumer wireless, military communications, or radar, you face an ongoing bandwidth crunch in a spectrum that
More informationMaking Noise in RF Receivers Simulate Real-World Signals with Signal Generators
Making Noise in RF Receivers Simulate Real-World Signals with Signal Generators Noise is an unwanted signal. In communication systems, noise affects both transmitter and receiver performance. It degrades
More informationSatellite Communications: Part 4 Signal Distortions & Errors and their Relation to Communication Channel Specifications. Howard Hausman April 1, 2010
Satellite Communications: Part 4 Signal Distortions & Errors and their Relation to Communication Channel Specifications Howard Hausman April 1, 2010 Satellite Communications: Part 4 Signal Distortions
More informationTransmission Signal Quality Comparison of SCM and OFDM according to the Phase Noise Characteristics of the Local Oscillator
Transmission Signal Quality Comparison of SCM and OFDM according to the Phase Noise Characteristics of the Local Oscillator Gwang-Yeol You*, Seung-Chul SHIN** * Electronic Measurement Group, Wireless Communication
More informationBack to Basics: Signal Generation. Back to Basics Training Copyright Agilent 1 Nov 2012
Back to Basics: Signal Generation 1 Agenda The need for creating test signals Aerospace Defense to Communications Generating Signals No modulation Analog Modulation Composite Modulation Signal Generator
More informationUnderstanding RF and Microwave Analysis Basics
Understanding RF and Microwave Analysis Basics Kimberly Cassacia Product Line Brand Manager Keysight Technologies Agenda µw Analysis Basics Page 2 RF Signal Analyzer Overview & Basic Settings Overview
More informationSuccessful Modulation Analysis in 3 Steps. Ben Zarlingo Application Specialist Agilent Technologies Inc. January 22, 2014
Successful Modulation Analysis in 3 Steps Ben Zarlingo Application Specialist Agilent Technologies Inc. January 22, 2014 Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2014 This Presentation Focus on Design, Validation, Troubleshooting
More informationBerkeley Nucleonics Corporation
Berkeley Nucleonics Corporation A trusted source for quality and innovative instrumentation since 1963 Test And Measurement Nuclear Expertise RF/Microwave BNC at Our Core BNC Mission: Providing our customers
More informationRF Fundamentals Part 2 Spectral Analysis
Spectral Analysis Dec 8, 2016 Kevin Nguyen Keysight Technologies Agenda Overview Theory of Operation Traditional Spectrum Analyzers Modern Signal Analyzers Specifications Features Wrap-up Page 2 Overview
More information22 Marzo 2012 IFEMA, Madrid spain.ni.com/nidays.
22 Marzo 2012 IFEMA, Madrid spain.ni.com/nidays www.infoplc.net The Art of Benchmarking Speed PXI Versus Rack-and-Stack Test Equipment Filippo Persia Systems Engineer Automated Test Mediterranean Region
More informationTesting RFIC Power Amplifiers with Envelope Tracking. April 2014
Testing RFIC Power Amplifiers with Envelope Tracking April 2014 1 Agenda Key Test Challenges Addressing Test Challenges New emerging technologies such as envelope tracking and DPD and their implications
More informationExploring Trends in Technology and Testing in Satellite Communications
Exploring Trends in Technology and Testing in Satellite Communications Aerospace Defense Symposium Giuseppe Savoia Keysight Technologies Agenda Page 2 Evolving military and commercial satellite communications
More informationKeysight Technologies 8 Hints for Making Better Measurements Using RF Signal Generators. Application Note
Keysight Technologies 8 Hints for Making Better Measurements Using RF Signal Generators Application Note 02 Keysight 8 Hints for Making Better Measurements Using RF Signal Generators - Application Note
More informationAddressing the Challenges of Wideband Radar Signal Generation and Analysis. Marco Vivarelli Digital Sales Specialist
Addressing the Challenges of Wideband Radar Signal Generation and Analysis Marco Vivarelli Digital Sales Specialist Agenda Challenges of Wideband Signal Generation Challenges of Wideband Signal Analysis
More informationPXIe Contents SPECIFICATIONS. 14 GHz and 26.5 GHz Vector Signal Analyzer
SPECIFICATIONS PXIe-5668 14 GHz and 26.5 GHz Vector Signal Analyzer These specifications apply to the PXIe-5668 (14 GHz) Vector Signal Analyzer and the PXIe-5668 (26.5 GHz) Vector Signal Analyzer with
More informationA COMPACT, AGILE, LOW-PHASE-NOISE FREQUENCY SOURCE WITH AM, FM AND PULSE MODULATION CAPABILITIES
A COMPACT, AGILE, LOW-PHASE-NOISE FREQUENCY SOURCE WITH AM, FM AND PULSE MODULATION CAPABILITIES Alexander Chenakin Phase Matrix, Inc. 109 Bonaventura Drive San Jose, CA 95134, USA achenakin@phasematrix.com
More informationPN9000 PULSED CARRIER MEASUREMENTS
The specialist of Phase noise Measurements PN9000 PULSED CARRIER MEASUREMENTS Carrier frequency: 2.7 GHz - PRF: 5 khz Duty cycle: 1% Page 1 / 12 Introduction When measuring a pulse modulated signal the
More informationWide bandwidth measurements and Calibration
Wide bandwidth measurements and Calibration Agenda Wide bandwidth measurement definitions The need for wide bandwidth measurements Types of wide bandwidth measurements Accurate measurements and system
More informationGET10B Radar Measurement Basics- Spectrum Analysis of Pulsed Signals. Copyright 2001 Agilent Technologies, Inc.
GET10B Radar Measurement Basics- Spectrum Analysis of Pulsed Signals Copyright 2001 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Agenda: Power Measurements Module #1: Introduction Module #2: Power Measurements Module #3:
More informationKeysight Technologies E8257D PSG Microwave Analog Signal Generator. Data Sheet
Keysight Technologies E8257D PSG Microwave Analog Signal Generator Data Sheet 02 Keysight E8257D Microwave Analog Signal Generator - Data Sheet Table of Contents Specifications... 4 Frequency... 4 Step
More informationOutline. Communications Engineering 1
Outline Introduction Signal, random variable, random process and spectra Analog modulation Analog to digital conversion Digital transmission through baseband channels Signal space representation Optimal
More informationRF/IF Terminology and Specs
RF/IF Terminology and Specs Contributors: Brad Brannon John Greichen Leo McHugh Eamon Nash Eberhard Brunner 1 Terminology LNA - Low-Noise Amplifier. A specialized amplifier to boost the very small received
More informationIntroduction to Receivers
Introduction to Receivers Purpose: translate RF signals to baseband Shift frequency Amplify Filter Demodulate Why is this a challenge? Interference Large dynamic range required Many receivers must be capable
More informationKeysight Technologies E8257D PSG Microwave Analog Signal Generator
Ihr Spezialist für Mess- und Prüfgeräte Keysight Technologies E8257D PSG Microwave Analog Signal Generator Data Sheet datatec Ferdinand-Lassalle-Str. 52 72770 Reutlingen Tel. 07121 / 51 50 50 Fax 07121
More informationTESTING METHODS AND ERROR BUDGET ANALYSIS OF A SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO By Richard Overdorf
TESTING METHODS AND ERROR BUDGET ANALYSIS OF A SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO By Richard Overdorf SDR Considerations Data rates Voice Image Data Streaming Video Environment Distance Terrain High traffic/low traffic
More informationRF Signal Generators. SG380 Series DC to 2 GHz, 4 GHz and 6 GHz analog signal generators. SG380 Series RF Signal Generators
RF Signal Generators SG380 Series DC to 2 GHz, 4 GHz and 6 GHz analog signal generators SG380 Series RF Signal Generators DC to 2 GHz, 4 GHz or 6 GHz 1 µhz resolution AM, FM, ΦM, PM and sweeps OCXO timebase
More informationLTE: System Specifications and Their Impact on RF & Base Band Circuits Application Note
LTE: System Specifications and Their Impact on RF & Base Band Circuits Application Note Products: R&S FSW R&S SMU R&S SFU R&S FSV R&S SMJ R&S FSUP RF physical layer specifications (such as 3GPP TS36.104)
More informationAgilent 8360B/8360L Series Synthesized Swept Signal/CW Generators 10 MHz to 110 GHz
Agilent 8360B/8360L Series Synthesized Swept Signal/CW Generators 10 MHz to 110 GHz ity. l i t a ers V. n isio c e r P. y t i l i ib Flex 2 Agilent 8360 Synthesized Swept Signal and CW Generator Family
More informationPulsed VNA Measurements:
Pulsed VNA Measurements: The Need to Null! January 21, 2004 presented by: Loren Betts Copyright 2004 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Agenda Pulsed RF Devices Pulsed Signal Domains VNA Spectral Nulling Measurement
More information3250 Series Spectrum Analyzer
The most important thing we build is trust ADVANCED ELECTRONIC SOLUTIONS AVIATION SERVICES COMMUNICATIONS AND CONNECTIVITY MISSION SYSTEMS 3250 Series Spectrum Analyzer > Agenda Introduction
More informationUsing Frequency Diversity to Improve Measurement Speed Roger Dygert MI Technologies, 1125 Satellite Blvd., Suite 100 Suwanee, GA 30024
Using Frequency Diversity to Improve Measurement Speed Roger Dygert MI Technologies, 1125 Satellite Blvd., Suite 1 Suwanee, GA 324 ABSTRACT Conventional antenna measurement systems use a multiplexer or
More informationUnderstanding Probability of Intercept for Intermittent Signals
2013 Understanding Probability of Intercept for Intermittent Signals Richard Overdorf & Rob Bordow Agilent Technologies Agenda Use Cases and Signals Time domain vs. Frequency Domain Probability of Intercept
More informationUtilizzo del Time Domain per misure EMI
Utilizzo del Time Domain per misure EMI Roberto Sacchi Measurement Expert Manager - Europe 7 Giugno 2017 Compliance EMI receiver requirements (CISPR 16-1-1 ) range 9 khz - 18 GHz: A normal +/- 2 db absolute
More informationGlossary of VCO terms
Glossary of VCO terms VOLTAGE CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR (VCO): This is an oscillator designed so the output frequency can be changed by applying a voltage to its control port or tuning port. FREQUENCY TUNING
More informationSPECIFICATION FREQUENCY RANGE: IBS-6
IBS Series SYNTHESIZER SPECIFICATION FREQUENCY RANGE: IBS-6 0.1 to 6 GHz IBS-18 2 to 18 GHz IBS-20 0.1 to 20 GHz FEATURES Wide Frequency Bandwidth: 0.1 to 20 GHz Fast Switching Speed: 200 usec, Full Band
More informationAdvances in RF and Microwave Measurement Technology
1 Advances in RF and Microwave Measurement Technology Chi Xu Certified LabVIEW Architect Certified TestStand Architect New Demands in Modern RF and Microwave Test In semiconductor and wireless, technologies
More informationTesting Upstream and Downstream DOCSIS 3.1 Devices
Testing Upstream and Downstream DOCSIS 3.1 Devices April 2015 Steve Hall DOCSIS 3.1 Business Development Manager Agenda 1. Decoding and demodulating a real downstream DOCSIS 3.1 signal and reporting key
More informationPTX-0350 RF UPCONVERTER, MHz
PTX-0350 RF UPCONVERTER, 300 5000 MHz OPERATING MODES I/Q upconverter RF = LO + IF upconverter RF = LO - IF upconverter Synthesizer 10 MHz REFERENCE INPUT/OUTPUT EXTERNAL LOCAL OSCILLATOR INPUT I/Q BASEBAND
More informationAdvanced RF Measurements You Didn t Know Your Oscilloscope Could Make. Brad Frieden Philip Gresock
Advanced RF Measurements You Didn t Know Your Oscilloscope Could Make Brad Frieden Philip Gresock Agenda RF measurement challenges Oscilloscope platform overview Typical RF characteristics Bandwidth vs.
More informationHD Radio FM Transmission. System Specifications
HD Radio FM Transmission System Specifications Rev. G December 14, 2016 SY_SSS_1026s TRADEMARKS HD Radio and the HD, HD Radio, and Arc logos are proprietary trademarks of ibiquity Digital Corporation.
More informationAN X-BAND FREQUENCY AGILE SOURCE WITH EXTREMELY LOW PHASE NOISE FOR DOPPLER RADAR
AN X-BAND FREQUENCY AGILE SOURCE WITH EXTREMELY LOW PHASE NOISE FOR DOPPLER RADAR H. McPherson Presented at IEE Conference Radar 92, Brighton, Spectral Line Systems Ltd England, UK., October 1992. Pages
More informationAgilent 8657A/8657B Signal Generators
Agilent / Signal Generators Profile Spectral performance for general-purpose test Overview The Agilent Technologies and signal generators are designed to test AM, FM, and pulsed receivers as well as components.
More informationReceiver Architectures
83080RA/1 Receiver Architectures Markku Renfors Tampere University of Technology Digital Media Institute/Telecommunications 83080RA/2 Topics 1. Main analog components for receivers - amplifiers - filters
More informationAntenna Measurements using Modulated Signals
Antenna Measurements using Modulated Signals Roger Dygert MI Technologies, 1125 Satellite Boulevard, Suite 100 Suwanee, GA 30024-4629 Abstract Antenna test engineers are faced with testing increasingly
More informationAgilent Highly Accurate Amplifier ACLR and ACPR Testing with the Agilent N5182A MXG Vector Signal Generator. Application Note
Agilent Highly Accurate Amplifier ACLR and ACPR Testing with the Agilent N5182A MXG Vector Signal Generator Application Note Introduction 1 0 0 1 Symbol encoder I Q Baseband filters I Q IQ modulator Other
More informationReconfigurable 6 GHz Vector Signal Transceiver with I/Q Interface
SPECIFICATIONS PXIe-5645 Reconfigurable 6 GHz Vector Signal Transceiver with I/Q Interface Contents Definitions...2 Conditions... 3 Frequency...4 Frequency Settling Time... 4 Internal Frequency Reference...
More informationTechnician License Course Chapter 3 Types of Radios and Radio Circuits. Module 7
Technician License Course Chapter 3 Types of Radios and Radio Circuits Module 7 Radio Block Diagrams Radio Circuits can be shown as functional blocks connected together. Knowing the description of common
More informationRadio Receiver Architectures and Analysis
Radio Receiver Architectures and Analysis Robert Wilson December 6, 01 Abstract This article discusses some common receiver architectures and analyzes some of the impairments that apply to each. 1 Contents
More informationReceiver Architecture
Receiver Architecture Receiver basics Channel selection why not at RF? BPF first or LNA first? Direct digitization of RF signal Receiver architectures Sub-sampling receiver noise problem Heterodyne receiver
More informationDevelopment of Signal Analyzer MS2840A with Built-in Low Phase-Noise Synthesizer
Development of Signal Analyzer MS2840A with Built-in Low Phase-Noise Synthesizer Toru Otani, Koichiro Tomisaki, Naoto Miyauchi, Kota Kuramitsu, Yuki Kondo, Junichi Kimura, Hitoshi Oyama [Summary] Evaluation
More informationLab Assignment #3 Analog Modulation (An Introduction to RF Signal, Noise and Distortion Measurements in the Frequency Domain)
Lab Assignment #3 Analog Modulation (An Introduction to RF Signal, Noise and Distortion Measurements in the Frequency Domain) By: Timothy X Brown, Olivera Notaros, Nishant Jadhav TLEN 5320 Wireless Systems
More informationAgile Low-Noise Frequency Synthesizer A. Ridenour R. Aurand Spectrum Microwave
Agile Low-Noise Frequency Synthesizer A. Ridenour R. Aurand Spectrum Microwave Abstract Simultaneously achieving low phase noise, fast switching speed and acceptable levels of spurious outputs in microwave
More informationDigital Signal Analysis
Digital Signal Analysis Objectives - Provide a digital modulation overview - Review common digital radio impairments Digital Modulation Overview Signal Characteristics to Modify Polar Display / IQ Relationship
More informationLocal Oscillator Phase Noise and its effect on Receiver Performance C. John Grebenkemper
Watkins-Johnson Company Tech-notes Copyright 1981 Watkins-Johnson Company Vol. 8 No. 6 November/December 1981 Local Oscillator Phase Noise and its effect on Receiver Performance C. John Grebenkemper All
More informationA year and a half after the first introduction of the PXA, Agilent is now introducing the world s highest performance mmw signal analyzer in April
1 This presentation is intended to be a beginning tutorial on signal analysis. Vector signal analysis includes but is not restricted to spectrum analysis. It is written for those who are unfamiliar with
More informationSpectrum Analyzer Training
Spectrum Analyzer Training Roberto Sacchi Application Engineer roberto_sacchi@agilent.com Page 1 Agenda Introduction Overview: What is Signal Analysis? What Measurements are available? Theory of Operation
More informationRF Signal Generators. SG380 Series DC to 2 GHz, 4 GHz and 6 GHz analog signal generators. SG380 Series RF Signal Generators
RF Signal Generators SG380 Series DC to 2 GHz, 4 GHz and 6 GHz analog signal generators SG380 Series RF Signal Generators DC to 2 GHz, 4 GHz or 6 GHz 1 μhz resolution AM, FM, ΦM, PM and sweeps OCXO timebase
More informationTransmitter Design and Measurement Challenges
Transmitter Design and Measurement Challenges Based on the book: LTE and the Evolution to 4G Wireless Chapter 6.4 4G World 2009 presented by: David L. Barner www/agilent.com/find/4gworld 1 Agilent Technologies,
More informationAPPH6040B / APPH20G-B Specification V2.0
APPH6040B / APPH20G-B Specification V2.0 (July 2014, Serial XXX-XX33XXXXX-XXXX or higher) A fully integrated high-performance cross-correlation signal source analyzer for to 7 or 26 GHz 1 Introduction
More informationBridging the Gap between System & Circuit Designers
Bridging the Gap between System & Circuit Designers October 27, 2004 Presented by: Kal Kalbasi Q & A Marc Petersen Copyright 2003 Agilent Technologies, Inc. The Gap System Communication System Design System
More informationAdvances in RF and Microwave Measurement Technology
1 Advances in RF and Microwave Measurement Technology Rejwan Ali Marketing Engineer NI Africa and Oceania New Demands in Modern RF and Microwave Test In semiconductor and wireless, technologies such as
More informationThe Effects of Crystal Oscillator Phase Noise on Radar Systems
Thomas L. Breault Product Applications Manager FEI-Zyfer, Inc. tlb@fei-zyfer.com The Effects of Crystal Oscillator Phase Noise on Radar Systems Why Radar Systems need high performance, low phase noise
More informationNON-CATALOG Frequency Synthesizer
Frequency Synthesizer 50 700 MHz Low phase noise and spurious Fixed frequency without external programming Integrated microcontroller Robust design and construction Small size 0.80" x 0.58" x 0.15" CASE
More informationof Switzerland Analog High-Speed Products
of Switzerland Analog High-Speed Products ANAPICO PRODUCTS 2012/2013 www.anapico.com Anapico Inc. is a growing Swiss manufacturer of leading edge products for RF test & measurement. The product ranges
More information1 Introduction: frequency stability and accuracy
Content 1 Introduction: frequency stability and accuracy... Measurement methods... 4 Beat Frequency method... 4 Advantages... 4 Restrictions... 4 Spectrum analyzer method... 5 Advantages... 5 Restrictions...
More informationUsing The Bessel Null Method To Verify FM Deviation Measurements By Dave Engelder, Agilent Technologies, Inc.
Using The Bessel Null Method To Verify FM Deviation Measurements By Dave Engelder, Agilent Technologies, Inc. Frequency modulation (FM) has been used in various radio frequency (RF) transmitters and receivers
More informationChapter 6 Specifications
RIGOL This chapter describes the specifications of RF signal generator. Specifications are valid under the following conditions: the instrument in the calibration cycle is stored at least two hours at
More informationGeneral configuration
Transmitter General configuration In some cases the modulator operates directly at the transmission frequency (no up conversion required) In digital transmitters, the information is represented by the
More informationKeysight Technologies PNA-X Series Microwave Network Analyzers
Keysight Technologies PNA-X Series Microwave Network Analyzers Active-Device Characterization in Pulsed Operation Using the PNA-X Application Note Introduction Vector network analyzers (VNA) are the common
More informationMAX2769/MAX2769C PLL Loop Filter Calculator User Guide UG6444; Rev 0; 6/17
MAX2769/MAX2769C PLL Loop Filter Calculator User Guide UG6444; Rev 0; 6/17 Abstract This document briefly covers PLL basics and explains how to use the PLL loop filter spreadsheet calculator for the MAX2769/MAX2769C.
More informationAgilent PSA Series Spectrum Analyzers Self-Guided Demonstration for Phase Noise Measurements
Agilent PSA Series Spectrum Analyzers Self-Guided Demonstration for Phase Noise Measurements Product Note This demonstration guide is a tool to help you gain familiarity with the basic functions and important
More informationBest-in-industry performance. Radar. Communication. Electronic Counter Measures. Laboratory Instrumentation. Commercial and military products
Best-in-industry performance Radar Communication Electronic Counter Measures Laboratory Instrumentation Commercial and military products YIG Filters and Oscillators YIG Products from Teledyne Microwave
More informationMultiple Reference Clock Generator
A White Paper Presented by IPextreme Multiple Reference Clock Generator Digitial IP for Clock Synthesis August 2007 IPextreme, Inc. This paper explains the concept behind the Multiple Reference Clock Generator
More informationModel 745 Series. Berkeley Nucleonics Test, Measurement and Nuclear Instrumentation since Model 845-HP Datasheet BNC
Model 845-HP Datasheet Model 745 Series Portable 20+ GHz Microwave Signal Generator High Power +23dBM Power Output 250 fs Digital Delay Generator BNC Berkeley Nucleonics Test, Measurement and Nuclear Instrumentation
More informationFrequency Synthesizer
50Ω 3700 MHz (fixed) The Big Deal Low phase noise and spurious Fixed frequency without external programming Integrated microcontroller Robust design and construction Case size 2.75" x 1.96" x 0.62" CASE
More informationChoosing Loop Bandwidth for PLLs
Choosing Loop Bandwidth for PLLs Timothy Toroni SVA Signal Path Solutions April 2012 1 Phase Noise (dbc/hz) Choosing a PLL/VCO Optimized Loop Bandwidth Starting point for setting the loop bandwidth is
More informationFundamentals of Arbitrary. Waveform Generation
Fundamentals of Arbitrary Waveform Generation History Applications Key Specifications Optimization Signal fidelity and dynamic range Embedding and de-embedding Waveform generation and automation software
More informationnote application Measurement of Frequency Stability and Phase Noise by David Owen
application Measurement of Frequency Stability and Phase Noise note by David Owen The stability of an RF source is often a critical parameter for many applications. Performance varies considerably with
More informationModel 855 RF / Microwave Signal Generator
Features Very low phase noise Fast switching Phase coherent switching option 2 to 8 phase coherent outputs USB, LAN, GPIB interfaces Applications Radar simulation Quantum computing High volume automated
More informationAccurate Phase Noise Measurements Made Cost Effective
MTTS 2008 MicroApps Accurate Phase Noise Measurements Made Cost Effective author : Jason Breitbarth, PhD. Boulder, Colorado, USA Presentation Outline Phase Noise Intro Additive and Absolute Oscillator
More informationJDVBS COMTECH TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. SPECIFICATION
1.SCOPE Jdvbs-90502 series is RF unit for Japan digital Bs/cs satellite broadcast reception. Built OFDM demodulator IC. CH VS. IF ISDB-S DVB-S CH IF CH IF BS-1 1049.48 JD1 1308.00 BS-3 1087.84 JD3 1338.00
More informationMeasurement Guide and Programming Examples
Measurement Guide and Programming Examples N9073A-1FP W-CDMA Measurement Application N9073A-2FP HSDPA/HSUPA Measurement Application For use with the Agilent N9020A MXA and N9010A EXA Signal Analyzers Manufacturing
More informationModel 7000 Series Phase Noise Test System
Established 1981 Advanced Test Equipment Rentals www.atecorp.com 800-404-ATEC (2832) Model 7000 Series Phase Noise Test System Fully Integrated System Cross-Correlation Signal Analysis to 26.5 GHz Additive
More informationPhase Noise and Tuning Speed Optimization of a MHz Hybrid DDS-PLL Synthesizer with milli Hertz Resolution
Phase Noise and Tuning Speed Optimization of a 5-500 MHz Hybrid DDS-PLL Synthesizer with milli Hertz Resolution BRECHT CLAERHOUT, JAN VANDEWEGE Department of Information Technology (INTEC) University of
More informationReflection EVM Impairments in Wideband 60GHz and E band designs
Reflection EVM Impairments in Wideband 60GHz and E band designs Dror Regev About Presto Engineering Leader in Integrated Test & Product Engineering and Back-end Production services Service hubs in USA,
More informationECEN 5014, Spring 2013 Special Topics: Active Microwave Circuits and MMICs Zoya Popovic, University of Colorado, Boulder
ECEN 5014, Spring 2013 Special Topics: Active Microwave Circuits and MMICs Zoya Popovic, University o Colorado, Boulder LECTURE 13 PHASE NOISE L13.1. INTRODUCTION The requency stability o an oscillator
More informationDCNTS Phase Noise Analyzer 2 MHz to 1.8 / 26 / 50 / 140 GHz
DCNTS Phase Noise Analyzer 2 MHz to 1.8 / 26 / 50 / 140 GHz Datasheet The DCNTS is the highest performance Phase Noise Analyzer with unique flexible capabilities as summarized below: Phase Noise Amplitude
More informationRF Measurements You Didn't Know Your Oscilloscope Could Make
RF Measurements You Didn't Know Your Oscilloscope Could Make January 21, 2015 Brad Frieden Product Manager Keysight Technologies Agenda RF Measurements using an oscilloscope (30 min) When to use an Oscilloscope
More informationNON-CATALOG Frequency Synthesizer
Frequency Synthesizer 50 675 MHz Low phase noise and spurious Fixed frequency without external programming Integrated microcontroller Robust design and construction Small size 0.80" x 0.58" x 0.15" CASE
More informationUsing a design-to-test capability for LTE MIMO (Part 1 of 2)
Using a design-to-test capability for LTE MIMO (Part 1 of 2) System-level simulation helps engineers gain valuable insight into the design sensitivities of Long Term Evolution (LTE) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
More informationAgilent Spectrum Analysis Basics. Application Note 150
Agilent Spectrum Analysis Basics Application Note 150 Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction.......................................................4 Frequency domain versus time domain.......................................4
More informationLow Noise Oscillator series LNO 4800 B MHz
Specific request can be addressed to RAKON hirel@rakon.com Product Description LNO 4800 B3 is a low noise oscillator generating an output signal at 4800 MHz. It is composed by an OCSO (Oven Controlled
More informationAnalog Communication.
Analog Communication Vishnu N V Tele is Greek for at a distance, and Communicare is latin for to make common. Telecommunication is the process of long distance communications. Early telecommunications
More informationFeatures. = +25 C, Vdc = +12V
Typical Applications The VCO Module is ideal for: Industrial/Medical Equipment Test & Measurement Equipment Military Radar, EW & ECM Lab Instrumentation Functional Diagram Electrical Specifications, T
More informationTRANSCOM Manufacturing & Education
www.transcomwireless.com 1 G6 Vector Signal Generator Overview G6 Vector Signal Generator is a high performance vector signal generator. It can generate arbitrary wave signal, continuous wave signal, common
More informationTechniques for Characterizing Spurious Signals
Techniques for Characterizing Spurious Signals October 21, 2014 Riadh Said Product Manager Microwave and Communications Division Keysight Technologies Our Goals today Review the sweep time equation to
More informationTETRA Tx Test Solution
Product Introduction TETRA Tx Test Solution Signal Analyzer Reference Specifications ETSI EN 300 394-1 V3.3.1(2015-04) / Part1: Radio ETSI TS 100 392-2 V3.6.1(2013-05) / Part2: Air Interface May. 2016
More informationCode No: R Set No. 1
Code No: R05220405 Set No. 1 II B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2007 ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS ( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics & Telematics) Time: 3 hours
More informationWideband Receiver for Communications Receiver or Spectrum Analysis Usage: A Comparison of Superheterodyne to Quadrature Down Conversion
A Comparison of Superheterodyne to Quadrature Down Conversion Tony Manicone, Vanteon Corporation There are many different system architectures which can be used in the design of High Frequency wideband
More information