PROGRAMME TITLE : Diploma in Electronics & Telecomm. Engineering SEMESTER : Three Credits Examination Scheme Theory Course Course Title Code

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3 PROGRAMME TITLE : Diploma in Electronics & Telecomm. Engineering SEMESTER : Three Credits Examination Scheme Theory Course Course Title Code L T T PR OR TW Total H S Prerequisite 1 Tutorial Total ET APPLIED MATHEMATICS ET Tu ) Theory paper duration 3 hrs. 2) Theory paper assessment is Internal and External. RATIONALE: This subject is classified under the Foundation Courses group and proceeds further to application levels of Mathematics to teach students the theory, concepts, principles of Applied Mathematics and the application, importance and use of mathematics in the analysis of concepts in electronics. 1

4 SECTION 1 Name of the Topic Periods Marks 01 INTEGRATION 1.1 Integration of Standard functions 1.2 Integration by substitution 1.3Standard integrals involving radicals and their square roots 1.4 Integration of the type 1/ (ax 2 + bx + c), 1/ (ax 2 + bx + c) and (ax 2 + bx + c) 1.5 Integrations of rational and irrational functions 1.6 Integration by trigonometric transformation 1.7 Integration by parts 1.8 Definite Integrations with all their properties 2a a (including and rules) 0 -a 1.9 Reduction formulae APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRATION 2.1 Average value, RMS value, Area between two curves APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 3.1 For solution of simple electrical circuits: LC, RC, RLC SECTION 2 04 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 4.1 Definition of differential equation 4.2 order and degree of differential equation 4.3 Formation of differential equation for function containing single constant 4.4 Solution of First order First degree differential equations (variable separable, homogeneous, exact, linear)

5 Name of the Topic Periods Marks 05 LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION 5.1 Definition, Laplace transform of elementary functions 5.2 important properties of Laplace Transforms Linearity Property, the first shifting property, the second shifting property, change of scale property 5.3 Important results multiplication by t n and division by t (without proof) 5.4 Inverse Laplace Transform 5.5 Properties of inverse Laplace transform (Linearity and First Shifting Property) 5.6 Inverse Laplace transform by partial fraction 5.7 Application of Laplace Transform for solving differential equations of first order with constant coefficient IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 1. Teaching plan 2. Minimum 10 Tutorials / assignments REFERENCES S. 3 Author Title Edition S. G. Chitale & N. A. Joshi 4 H. K. Dass A new approach to mathematics and statistics (Sc. Paper II) Engineering Mathematics Year of Publication 9 th st 2003 Publisher & Address Sheth Publishers Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai S. Chand & Company Ltd. New Delhi 3

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7 PROGRAMME TITLE : Diploma in Electronics & Telecom. Engineering SEMESTER : Three Credits Examination Scheme Theory Course Course Title Code L P T T PR OR TW Total H S Prerequisite Total ET PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATI ON - I ET ) Theory paper duration 3 hrs. 2) Theory paper assessment is Internal and External. 3) The assessment of Practical is Internal and External. RATIONALE: As a Core Technology subject, this subject attempts to put forth the concepts and principles used in electronic telecommunication. Concepts such as modulation, side band transmission, radiation and propagation, reception and demodulation which are widely used in the field of analog communication are dealt with in this subject. Knowledge of basic electronic devices and circuits is a prerequisite for the learning of this subject. 5

8 SECTION 1 Name of the Topic Periods Marks 01 MODULATION 1.1 Definition, need for modulation. 1.2 Types of modulation - AM, FM & PM AMPLITUDE MODULATION 2.1 Definition, modulation index - importance, mathematical expression. 2.2 Frequency spectrum, Band width. 2.3 AM transmission Power, current calculations. 2.4 Problems on above topics. 2.5 High level & low level modulation. 2.6 Circuit diagrams of collector modulated amplifier - explanation. 2.7 AM transmitter -block diagram study. 03 D.S.B. GENERATION 3.1 Balanced modulator using FETs - Circuit diagram. 3.2 SSB generation - advantages & disadvantages Filter method Phase shift method 3.3 SSB transmitter -block diagram study FREQUENCY MODULATION 4.1 Definition, mathematical expression (no derivation) modulation index. 4.2 Frequency spectrum - features, Band width calculation using Carson's Rule, concept of noise triangle, pre-emphasis and De emphasis. 4.3 Problems on above topics. 4.4 FM generation - Reactance modulator using FETs, Varactor diode. 4.5 Block diagram of FM transmitter - using Direct method Indirect method with AFC (Armstrong method) 4.6 Advantages & disadvantages of FM over AM

9 SECTION 2 Name of the Topic Periods Marks 05 AM RADIO RECEIVERS: 5.1 Tuned Radio Frequency (TRF) type Block diagram study. 5.2 Superheterodyne type Block diagram study, relative advantages. 5.3 RF amplifier stage, Advantages, Image frequency & its rejection, Problems on above topics 5.4 Mixer stage,types, separately excited & self excited type, Superheterodyne tracking 5.5 IF amplifier stage, Choice IF, IF response, Circuit of typical IF stage and explanation 5.6 Detector stage, Simple diode detector, Practical diode detector 5.7 AGC stage, Need for AGC, Types - forward & reverse type 5.8 Specifications of radio receivers: Sensitivity, Selectivity, Fidelity Experimental procedure to determine them 06 FM RADIO RECEIVERS: 7.1 Block diagram of FM Radio receiver, Comparison with AM receiver 7.2 FM Demodulator stage, balanced slope detector Foster Seeley discriminator Ratio detector FM detector using PLL 7.4 Amplitude limiter stage 7.5 Alignment of radio receivers: Need for alignment, RF & IF alignment ANTENNAS USED IN RADIO RECEIVERS: 8.1 Ferrite rod antenna 8.2 Grounded antenna 8.3 Resonant and non resonant antennas

10 LIST OF EXPERIMENTS: 1. Observe & record the front panel controls of a standard signal generator. 2. Analyze the frequency & amplitude stability of variable RF oscillator. 3. Calculate the efficiency of collector modulated class C RF amplifier. 4. Calculate the modulation index of the given AM transmitter. 5. Calculate the modulation index in AM by using i. Normal method ii Trapezoid method 6. Plot the characteristics of Varactor diode in FM oscillator. 7. Plot the Equalization characteristics of Low Frequency Equalizer. Calculate Equalization point from the graph. 8. Plot the Equalization characteristics of High Frequency Equalizer. Calculate Equalization point from the graph. 9. Trace and identify the various components of AM detector and driver stage. Analyze the working of above circuit. 10. Perform Voltage Analysis of given Two- Band Radio Receiver. Verify the same with manufacturer s sheet. 11. Superheterodyne receiver fault detection IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 1. Teaching plan 2. Minimum 10 practicals/assignments REFERENCES 1. Author Wayne Tomasi 2. George Kenedy Dennis Roddy & John Coolen Gary M. Miller Title Elec. Comm. Systems Electronic communication systems Electronic communication Modern Electronic Communication Editio n Year of Publication 2 nd 1989 Publisher & Address Pearson Education 2nd 1993 McGraw-Hill 2 nd rd 1994 Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd 8

11 PROGRAMME TITLE : Diploma in Electronics & Telecom. Engineering SEMESTER : Three Credits Examination Scheme Theory Course Course Title Code L P T T PR OR TW Total H S Prerequisite Total ET ELECTRONIC TEST INSTRUMENTS ET ) Theory paper duration 3 hrs. 2) Theory paper assessment is Internal and External. 3) The assessment of practical is Internal and External. RATIONALE: Electronic measurements and instruments play an important role in the field of electronics. This subject is classified under Basic Technology group and intended to teach students principles of working, block diagrams and front panel controls of electronic instruments and their applications in the field of electronics. The prerequisite for this subject is knowledge of basic electronic devices and circuits. SECTION 1 Name of the Topic Periods Marks 01 QUALITIES OF MEASUREMENTS, SIGNAL CONDITIONING AND PROCESSING 1.1 Static and dynamic characteristics of measurements. 1.2 Errors in measurements. 1.3 Standards for Electrical Tests and Measurements. 1.3 Primary and Secondary standards

12 Name of the Topic Periods Marks 02 CLASSIFICATION OF ANALOG INSTRUMENTS 2.1 Permanent Magnet Moving Coil (PMMC) Instruments Dynamic meter movements (PMMC type) construction, operation, advantages and disadvantages 2.2 Taut band type - construction, operation, advantages and disadvantages 2.3 Moving Iron instruments Working Principle Classification as Attraction type & Repulsion type construction, operation and comparison Advantages & Disadvantages of Moving Iron Instruments MULTIMETERS 3.1 PMMC meter Multi-range ammeter Voltmeter Ohm-meter (Calculations of Shunts and series resistors). 3.2 Electronic Voltmeters (EVM) Special features Advantages over multi-meters Fields of applications. 3.3 Analog type EVM Transistor type-circuit operation, Specifications FET type-circuit operation, specifications. 3.4 Digital type EVM Operating principle Functional block diagram Specifications. 3.5 D.M.M Block diagram study Specifications Front panel controls

13 SECTION 2 Name of the Topic Periods Marks 04 SPECTRUM & LOGIC ANALYZER 4.1 Spectrum Analyzer Basic Spectrum Analyzer Superheterodyne type RF Spectrum Analyzer Real time Spectrum Analyzer Applications of Spectrum Analyzer. 4.2 Logic analyzer Block diagram description Applications 4.3 Difference between Spectrum & Logic Analyzer WAVEFORM GENERATORS 5.1 Functional block diagram with functions of each block, specifications and front panel controls of following generators: Function generator Pattern generator Pulse generator ADDITIONAL TEST AND MEASURING INSTRUMENTS 6.1 Basic concepts and use of Maxwell s bridge Hay s bridge Frequency counter Wobuloscope. 6.2 Radiation Tests and Measurements: Need, Principles, Methods and Applications Equipment and Instruments used for the same IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 1.Teaching plan. 2. Presentations 3. Demonstrations. 4. Minimum 10 practicals /Assignments. 11

14 EXPERIMENT LIST : (Experiments may be included from the list provided below) 1. Calibration of Analog thermometer (Resistance versus temperature.) 2. To display the digital numbers on the LED seven segment display. 3. To display the digital numbers on the LCD seven segment display. 4. To demonstrate FET type voltmeter. 5. Measurement of RMS voltage, Average voltage and Peak voltage 6. To demonstrate 2 digit AC/DC Voltmeter. 7. To demonstrate Analog Multi-meter and Digital Voltmeter. 8. To identify and understand the different control knobs of Single beam and Dual trace type CROs. 9. To measure ac and dc voltages, frequency and phase shift by using CRO. 10. To use CRO for testing various electronic components. 11. To demonstrate Signal generator. 12. To demonstrate Function generator. 13. To demonstrate Pulse generator. 14. Measurements using Maxwell s bridge. 15. Measurements using Hay s bridge. 16. To demonstrate Digital frequency counter. REFERENCES 1 H.S. Kalsi 2 3 Author Title Edition A.K. Sawhney William D. Cooper, Albert D. Helfrick Electronic Instrumentation A Course in Electrical & Electronics Measurements & Instrumentation Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques Year of Publication 2 nd th rd 1992 Publisher & Address Tata Mc Graw Hill Pub. Co.Ltd; New Delhi. Dhanpat Rai & Sons, Delhi. Prentice Hall India, Delhi. 12

15 PROGRAMME TITLE : Diploma in Electronics & Telecom. Engineering SEMESTER : Three Credits Examination Scheme Theory Course Course Title Code L P T T PR OR TW Total H S ET C PROGRAMMING Prerequisite Total ) Theory paper duration 3 hrs. 2) Theory paper assessment is Internal and External. 3) The assessment of practical is Internal and External. RATIONALE : This subject is classified under Basic Technology courses and intends to teach students concepts of programming, rules and syntax of C language, arithmetic and logical operations in C language, use of arrays, strings, functions, pointers, structures, unions and files in C programming. SECTION 1 Name of the Topic Periods Marks 01 CONCEPTS OF PROGRAMMING 1.1 Development of a Computer Program. Algorithm, Flowchart,Code into a high level language, Input preparation, Compilation, Corrections. 1.2 Problem solving and representation of solutions. Sequence, Selection,Iteration,Representation using flowcharts. 1.3 History of C. 1.4 Low level language. (introduction) 1.5 Middle level language.(introduction) 1.6 High level language.(introduction)

16 Name of the Topic Periods Marks 02 BASICS OF C- PROGRAMMING 2.1 Introduction to C 2.2 Library types 2.3 Data types 2.4 Integer, Float, Character 2.5 Constants and Variables 2.6 keywords in c 2.7 Input, Output, scanf(), printf() 2.8 Exercises related to : Converting from Fahrenheit to Celsius. Largest and smallest of n numbers. Expressions Operators CONTROL STRUCTURES & LOOPING STRUCTURE 3.1 IF 3.2 IF-ELSE 3.3 NESTED IF-ELSE 3.4 SWITCH 3.5 WHILE loop 3.6 DO-WHILE loop 3.7 FOR loop 3.8 Programs based on above topics CONTROL STATEMENTS 4.1 goto 4.2 continue 4.3 break 4.4 Programs based on above topics OPERATORS 5.1 Precedence and Associativity 5.2 Expressions and their evaluation

17 Name of the Topic Periods Marks 06 ARRAYS (one dimensional) 6.1 Defining, Declaring & Initialization. 6.2 Accepting data into Arrays. 6.3 Processing data in a Array. 6.4 Sorting of an Array. 6.5 Programs concerned with manipulating data in Array. 6.6 Definition & Declaration of multi-dimensional array SECTION 2 07 Functions 7.1 Function prototypes, passing arguments to a function by value and by reference, meaning of recursion. 7.2 Storage Classes, automatic, External, static, register variables in single file environment Arrays 8.1 Defining - processing array, passing arrays to functions, 8.2 Initializing 2 Dimensional Array 8.3 Three Dimensional Array 8.4 Programs on the above Pointers 9.1 Declarations, Referencing and de-referencing, passing pointers to functions, 9.2 Pointer to array 9.3 Programs on the above topic 10 Strings 10.1 Standard Library String Functions 10.2 Two Dimensional Array of character s Array of Pointers to strings 10.4 Limitations 10.5 Programs on the above topic

18 Name of the Topic Periods Marks 11 Structures 11.1 Declaration of structure elements 11.2 Array of structure 11.3 Features of structures 11.4 Uses of structures 11.5 Programs on the above topic Console & File { input / output } 12.1 Type of I/O 12.2 Console I/O functions 12.3 Formatted & Unformatted Console I/O function File operations 12.5 Programs on the above topic LIST OF PRACTICALS 1. Programs based on expressions 2. Programs based on input output statements 3. Programs based on mathematical series 4. Programs based on one dimensional array 5. Programs based on functions 6. Programs based on arrays 7. Programs based on pointers 8. Programs based on strings 9. Programs based on structures 10. Programs based on console and file operations IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 1. Teaching plan 2. Minimum 10 practicals/assignments 16

19 REFERENCE BOOKS: Yashvant Kanetkar Year of Publication Publisher & Address Let us C 7 th BPB Publication New Delhi Author Title Edition Bryan Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie Henry Mullish and Herbert Cooper E. Balaguruswamy The C Programming Language 2 nd 1995 Prentice Hall of India New Delhi The Spirit Of C 2 nd 1996 Jaico Publication Mumbai Ansi C 4 th Tata MacGraw Hill 17

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21 PROGRAMME TITLE : Diploma in Electronics & Telecom. Engineering SEMESTER : Three Credits Examination Scheme Theory Course Course Title Code L P T T PR OR TW Total H S Prerequisite Total ET LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS ET ) Theory paper duration 3 hrs. 2) Theory paper assessment is Internal and External. 3) The assessment of practical is Internal and External. RATIONALE: Linear Integrated Circuits hold an important unique place in the field of electronics. This subject is classified under Basic Technology group with a focus on imparting concepts, principles and applications of Linear/Analog integrated circuits in the field of Electronics. The prerequisite for this subject is knowledge of basic electronic devices and circuits. 19

22 SECTION 1 Name of the Topic Periods Marks 01 OP - AMPS: 1.1 Transistorized differential amplifier - working Four configurations of the amplifier. Concept of inverting input and non-inverting input. Block diagram study of an op-amp. 1.2 Parameters of op amp - definitions, Ideal parameters. Parameters of op amp 741. Different IC packages of Op amp as a linear amplifier: - open & closed loop configurations Types of feedback: positive, negative; Opamp with negative feedback used as linear amplifier Inverting & Non-inverting configurations; Expressions of voltage Gain, Input resistance, output resistance & bandwidth for each and comparison Applications of inverting & non-inverting amplifiers as summing, scaling and averaging amplifier Op amp circuits for following mathematical applications: (i) Log and Antilog amplifier. (ii) Integrator and differentiator Differential Amplifier using an op amp - Gain of the amplifier Applications of the amplifier as difference, bridge amplifier Instrumentation Amplifier using 3 op amps - having fixed gain and variable gain - Applications TYPICAL OPAMP CIRCUITS 2.1 OPAMP Precision Rectifiers - Operating Principle, circuit, operation and applications of Half wave and Full-wave types. 2.2 OPAMP Sine Wave (L.F.) Oscillators: Operating principle, Circuit, operation and applications of Wien Bridge, and Twin-T Oscillators. 2.3 OPAMP Active Filters: (Simple Treatment) Low-Pass and High-Pass type First Order and Second Order Butterworth active filters. Comparison with passive filters. Advantages of employing the OPAMP in Active Filters

23 Name of the Topic Periods Marks 03 VOLTAGE CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR (VCO) 3.1 Working principle, functional block diagram; operation and applications of V.C.O. 3.2 Block-diagram Study of V.C.O. I. C. type LM PHASE LOCKED LOOP (PLL) 4.1 Working principle, functional block diagram and operation of PLL system. The PLL parameters - Lock-range, capture range, the transfer characteristics. 4.2 Block diagram study of PLL I.C. type Applications of PLL - F.M. Demodulator, Frequency Multiplier SECTION 2 05 LINEAR VOLTAGE REGULATORS 5.1 Concepts of Voltage Regulation: Line, Load and Total Voltage Regulation of a Rectifier type D.C. Power Supply. Functional Block diagram of a feedback regulator. 5.2 The Voltage Regulator I.C. type 723: Structure and operation, specifications. Typical Regulated Voltage d.c. power supply employing I.C output voltage variation. Current Boosting. 5.3 The 3-Pin voltage Regulators: Structure and Operation, advantage and limitations. The 78xx and 79xx I.C.s and their power supply circuits, the LM-317 I.C. Regulator and its power supply circuit SWITCHING VOLTAGE REGULATORS 6.1 Working principle and advantages. Study of Functional block diagram of an Isolation type Switching Voltage Regulator. 6.2 The H.F. Inverter: Flyback, Forward, Push-Pull and the Bridge types -their corresponding High Frequency Inverter Circuits. 6.3 The P.W.M. Controller: Functional block diagram of a P.W.M. Controller and its operation Circuit study of Controller I.C. type SG Circuit study of an SMPS power Supply System, employing Controller I.C. type SG

24 Name of the Topic Periods Marks 07 TIMER I.C. TYPE NE Functional block diagram study and operation. 7.2 Application as a Monostable Multivibrator. 7.3 Application as an Astable Multivibrator. 7.4 Structure of IC Application and design problems of IC IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 1. Teaching plan 2. Minimum 10 practicals / assignments EXPERIMENT LIST 1. Find theoretical and practical gain of Inverting Amplifier 2. Find theoretical and practical gain of Non inverting Amplifier 3. Find theoretical and practical gain of Differential Amplifier 4. Find the nature of output waveform with sine and square wave of Integrator. 5. Find the nature of output waveform with sine and square wave of Differentiator. 6. Find frequency response of Low-Pass Filter. 7. Find frequency response of High-Pass Filter. 8. Find the amplitude and polarity of input trigger voltage and find the time period of the output voltage of Monostable Multivibrator Using IC Find the Time period T of the output waveform for Astable Multivibrator Using IC Find OFF time and ON time and total period T of the output waveform for Astable Multivibrator using IC

25 REFERENCES Author Title Edition 1. R. Gaikwad. Operational Amplifiers 4th 2. J. Michael Jacob 3. K.R. Bodkar Applications and Design with Analog Integrated Circuits OP-AMPS & Linear IC s 2nd Year of Publication rd G.B. Clayton OP-AMPS 2 nd Millman Micro Electronics 2 nd 1990 Publisher & Address Prentice Hall 1993 Prentice Hall Khanna Publishers, N. Delhi Wiley Eastern Ltd., New York Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 23

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27 PROGRAMME TITLE: Diploma in Electronics & Telecom. Engineering SEMESTER : Three Credits Examination Scheme Theory Course Course Title Code L P T T PR OR TW Total H S ET POWER SUPPLY BASED MINI PROJECT (No Theory exam) Prerequisite Total The assessment of the mini project term work is Internal. RATIONALE: Power Supply Based Mini Project is an Applied Technology course. Building a small and a simple project, related to power supplies (regulated/unregulated), rectifier circuits and filters in this semester will help the student to be more efficient in tackling difficulties and problems faced when building a larger complex project in the fourth semester. It will also help the student to be skillful in making proper formatted and meaningful project reports. Essentially, this practice of building small projects related to simple DC power supplies will be a stepping stone towards the project work to be done in the final year. The prerequisite for this mini project activity is basic knowledge of electronics, that is, the subjects dealing with basic electronics and electrical circuits that are covered in the first and second semesters. IMPORTANT: TWO STUDENTS TOGETHER HAVE TO BUILD THEIR OWN POWER SUPPLY BASED MINI-PROJECT. THERE SHOULD NOT BE REPETITION OF ANY PROJECT. FOR THIS, THE TWO STUDENTS HAVE TO SUBMIT THE TITLE AND SYNOPSIS OF THE PROJECT BEING UNDERTAKEN TO THE CONCERNED TEACHER. THEY ARE REQUIRED TO PROVIDE A COMPLETE, ASSEMBLED (including housing, front panel, etc.), TESTED AND A WORKING POWER SUPPLY UNIT AT THE END OF THIS PRACTICAL TRAINING EXPERIENCE. TOTAL OF 10 PRACTICALS SESSSIONS WILL BE AVAILABLE DURING THE SEMESTER FOR EACH PAIR OF STUDENTS. EACH AND EVERY STUDENT WILL MAINTAIN THE RECORD OF THE WORK DONE IN THE MINI PROJECT WEEKLY REPORT MANUAL PROVIDED TO HIM/HER AND GET IT SIGNED BY THE CONCERNED TEACHER EVERY WEEK. 25

28 There will be three practicals sessions during which the students will have to do the following: 1) Refer to books, magazines / books on simple useful projects, the level of which should neither be extremely simple, nor too complicated, and decide on the possible project that can be undertaken. 2) Before finalizing the project to be undertaken they have to consider:- Availability of components, parts required for the project, total cost of the project and take approval for the project from the project guide/ teacher, based on technical level and feasibility. There will be seven practical sessions during which the students will have to do the following: 1) Purchasing of components, parts required for the project. 2) Testing circuits part by part on a bread-board and designing of art-work of PCB 3) Making PCB by any suitable method 4) Mounting and soldering of components. 5) Testing the circuit fault finding if it is not working. 6) Voltage and waveform analysis, calculations, plotting of graphs (if required) 7) Mounting the circuit in a cabinet and mounting panel controls fuse meters etc. All students are supposed to prepare a SEPARATE Mini Project Report. The Project Report must contain:- i) List of components and the total cost of the project ii) Data sheets of active devices used iii) Block diagram and working principle iv) Working of the circuit with detailed circuit diagram v) Observations, graphs, calculations, results, applications vi) any other related/ concerned information or details. THE STUDENT PAIR WILL HAVE TO PREPARE/ MAKE AND GIVE A POWERPOINT PRESENTATION ON THE MINI PROJECT. INSTRUCTIONS: 1. The typed project report must be bound and submitted by each pair of students before the end of the term, which will be returned to them after assessment of the same. 2. One extra copy of the project report per student pair must be submitted to the examiner. REFERENCES : S. Year of Author Title Edition Publication Printed Circuit Board 1. Bosschart - Design and Technology Details of the references to be/ will be provided by the concerned teacher Publisher & Address 26

29 ET Academic Skills This subject does not carry any credits and there is no examination for the same. It is included as a non-credit Foundation course in the third semester as well as the fifth semester, which gives a double opportunity to students to home in and sharpen their presentation skills on a topic selected by them from the subjects of the diploma course. Academic skills are the skills necessary to do well, in not just technical education but in any educational system. These skills encompass reading, researching and gathering information, synthesis and analysis of content matter, writing reports, making presentations and delivering them effectively with confidence. Academic skills are necessary for being successful in the educational environment, and more often than not, these skills finally filter into a well developed personality with communication skills for a professional career. 27