White Rabbit in Siberia: Tunka-HiSCORE. Ralf Wischnewski 6 th WhiteRabbit Workshop GSI, Darmstadt,
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1 White Rabbit in Siberia: Tunka-HiSCORE Ralf Wischnewski 6 th WhiteRabbit Workshop GSI, Darmstadt,
2 Outline > Tunka-HiSCORE - A new Gamma-Ray and Cosmic Ray Detector in Siberia Physics, Collaboration Setup: Record Cherenkov light field in stations distributed over 1-10(100)km 2 > WhiteRabbit for HiSCORE A natural application of WR Status, plans Our questions > Summary Ralf Wischnewski White Rabbit in Siberia: Tunka-HiSCORE Page 2
3 Cosmic Ray Detection Techniques > Measure: E, mass of primary CR > Particle flux on ground: very model dependent > Cherenkov/ Fluorescence/ Radio: calorimetric model-free. Ralf Wischnewski White Rabbit in Siberia: Tunka-HiSCORE Page 3
4 The HiSCORE Detector HiSCORE = Hundred*i Square-km Cosmic ORigin Explorer Gamma-rays: E γ > 10 TeV Cosmic-rays: 100 TeV < E CR < 1 EeV Large area: up to few 100 km 2 Large field of view: ~0.6 sr Non-imaging technique Complementary in energy range, physics + technique wrt CTA (E~ TeV) ASPERA recognizes the importance of development of groundbased wide-angle gamma-ray detectors Ralf Wischnewski White Rabbit in Siberia: Tunka-HiSCORE Page 4
5 HiSCORE: Design principles > Large instrumented area: km 2 - sensitivity to low fluxes > Large station area: 0.5-1m 2 - photons far off-axis > Wide station spacing: m - low cost; reconstr. lever-arm > Fast electronics/sampling: Photon arrival times for X max and direction Ground based array of detector stations Ralf Wischnewski White Rabbit in Siberia: Tunka-HiSCORE Page 5
6 HiSCORE: A staged approach > Stage 1: 1 km 2 Engineering Tunka by fall 2013 Proof-of principle First physics ~2013! M87: 127hr / yr (tilted-south mode) 50 γ-ray events/yr with Engineering Array > Stage 2: 10 km 2 in >2014 > Stage 3: 100 km 2 important: southern skies 1 km 2 > HiSCORE sensitivity better CTA >>10TeV 100 km 2 CTA Ralf Wischnewski White Rabbit in Siberia: Tunka-HiSCORE Page 6
7 Tunka-HiSCORE : Collaboration, Location > MoscowStateUniv/ INR-RAS / ISU (Russia) + Univ.Hamburg / DESY (Germ) > Tunka-Valley / Siberia 50km off Lake Baikal supported by Helmholtz as Helmholtz Russia Joint Research Group ( ) At the site of Tunka-133 An Air Cherenkov Array of 1 km2; operating since 2009 (Russia/INFN/DESY) Ralf Wischnewski White Rabbit in Siberia: Tunka-HiSCORE Page 7
8 The existing Tunka-133 Array: 19 Clusters with 7 PMTs each Area: ~1 km^2 PMT EMI-9350 (Ø 20 cm) Optical cable Central DAQ Cluster Electronic Box 7x2 FADC boards 200 MHz, 12 bit
9 HiSCORE : Local trigger time stamping > HiSCORE Engineering Array (2013) > DAQ stations, distributed over ~1 km 2 > Each Station: generates local trigger digitizes PMT waveform kHz, few MB/s, GHz sampling > Need: Precise relative time synchronization between stations Station trigger time stamps with 1nsec relative time-error; (for: shower direction, shower front reconstruction (particle type) ) > TimeSynchronization inside a distributed DAQ-System on nsec-scale White Rabbit is a natural candidate Ralf Wischnewski White Rabbit in Siberia: Tunka-HiSCORE Page 9
10 Baseline Design WR-Node DAQ Station WR-Node DAQ Station WR-Node DAQ Station > Central Switch(es) Stations WR-Switch WR-Node DAQ Station > Each Station: 1 SPEC with nsec-timestamp capability SPEC + FMC-5ChDIO with external TDC SPEC + FMC-DEL, SPEC + custom-fmc (DRS4 Waveform sampling) > SPEC+ 5CHDIO-FMC + TDC GPS Trigger A simple way to get fine-time <8ns Trigger: Input to FMC-5ChDIO + to external TDC TDC (ns) SPEC latches 8nsec GPS time Outputs the next 125 MHz clock as Stop for TDC Stop Ralf Wischnewski White Rabbit in Siberia: Tunka-HiSCORE Page 10 SPEC
11 Baseline Design: DAQ Station uatx-pc uatx-pc Station 1 Station 2 (prelimin. design, still under development) Ralf Wischnewski White Rabbit in Siberia: Tunka-HiSCORE Page 11
12 WR TimeStamping: Monitoring needed > Two dedicated, redundant monitoring systems under consideration > FO-based calibration system Send calibration events trigger signals over spare fibers from DAQ-center to all stations FO-Converter: need 1ns intrinsic stability. commercial? Custom-made? Problem: how stable is the FO-calibration; correlated with WR? Slow drifts no problems (temperature, ) jumps should be un-correlated with WR-clocks > Radio-Beacon LOPES/KIT idea: use central radio transmitter to synchronize local phases o(nsec) E.g. 50MHz 20nsec fine time scale: realistic and affordable. Ralf Wischnewski White Rabbit in Siberia: Tunka-HiSCORE Page 12
13 DESY / HiSCORE: Plans > Laboratory Setups (4-6/2012) SPEC(Mast) SPEC(Slave) with FMC-DIO5CH Time stamping with 8nsec (SPEC) Fine time stamping: 1nsec with external TDC (DRS4) Basic verification of time-base with single station (event_i event_i+1) WR-Switch SPEC-1 SPEC-2, SPEC_3, Multi-Station Clock stability test (!) > Field-Tests (>7/2012) WR-Switch Configuration over real 1km fibers (!) WR-SWitch +2-3 stations for long-term operation from 9/2012 Monitoring: FO channels (+ radio) start in 2012 > HiSCORE-EA installation (summer 2013) stations With FO & Radio monitoring included Ralf Wischnewski White Rabbit in Siberia: Tunka-HiSCORE Page 13
14 Summary > Tunka-HiSCORE is a new Gamma/CR-Detector: in final design phase > WhiteRabbit is top-candidate for Tunka-HiSCORE timestamping > Baseline WR-application in HiSCORE is relatively simple DAQ station w/ 1 WR-SPEC slave; Deeper integration of WR into DAQ is possible > Plans: focus on proof of principle & performance Proof-of-principle by summer 2012 (Lab + Field) Final decision to accept WR Longterm test: 2-4 stations from 9/2012 > Plans: HiSCORE-Engineering Array stations by fall km2-Array in >2014: o( ) stations Final aim: 100km^2 aray (Southern location) with ~ stations Ralf Wischnewski White Rabbit in Siberia: Tunka-HiSCORE Page 14
15 Summary (2) > WhiteRabbit - a candiate standard for time-synchronization in large scale experiments? CTA, AUGERNext, LHAASO, km3net, > Our points: > Is schedule realistic : Summer 2012 a stable mini-system? > Is design realistic: SPEC + TDC for nsec-time stamping? > Did we overlook any show stoppers for a running timing system in 2013? Ralf Wischnewski White Rabbit in Siberia: Tunka-HiSCORE Page 15
16 > Thanks. Ralf Wischnewski White Rabbit in Siberia: Tunka-HiSCORE Page 16
17 Backup: A side remark. WR as a backbone for distributed DAQ? > TimeSynchronization of distributed DAQ-Systems on nsec-scale is a standard challenge for many astroparticle physics experiments Important - for physics data quality Difficult - need of verification, calibration, monitoring (long-term) So far: always custom-made solutions solutions. Cost-effective (?), but always start from scratch; verification (longtime characterization, precision) Having myself been busy in a few such experiments AMANDA/Baikal (IceCube)-NeutrinoTelescopes, Tunka-CosmicRay Experiment, now CTA around corner Thus, a natural question / suggestion : WR could become a standard off-the-box solution for time-calibration in experiments! Ralf Wischnewski White Rabbit in Siberia: Tunka-HiSCORE Page 17
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