Power IT LV Active Filters PQFA - PQFL - PQFT

Transcription

1 Power IT LV Active Filters PQFA - PQFL - PQFT The ABB comprehensive solution for active filtering of harmonics Pst

2 Harmonics and Power Quality Harmonics caused by non-linear electrical loads such as variable speed drives, rectifiers, UPS's, computers, TV sets, are a growing problem both for electricity suppliers and users. An example of a line current distortion due to a variable speed drive is shown below. Harmonics can lead to serious problems: overheating of cables, motors and transformers damage to sensitive equipment tripping of circuit breakers blowing of fuses premature ageing of the installation Line current - Initial situation UNFILTERED LINE CURRENT (100A/div) TIME (5MS/div) UNFILTERED SUPPLY CURRENT (% FUNDAMENTAL) 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% HARMONICS The ABB Solution: PQF Power Quality Filter The Power Quality Filter developed by ABB is an active filter offering unprecedented ability to clean the network from harmonics. The PQF eliminates harmonics in a controlled way. It is easy to extend and adapt to changes in the network. Principle of operation The PQF monitors the line current in real time and processes the measured harmonics as digital signals in a high-power DSP (Digital Signal Processor). The output of the DSP controls PWM (Pulse Width Modulated) power modules that through line reactors inject harmonic currents with exactly the opposite phase to those that are to be filtered. Fundamental only CT PQF LOAD Harmonics only 2

3 PQF : The Ultimate Step in Filtering Efficiency As shown below, the net effect of the installation of a PQF is an elimination of the harmonics and a clean sine wave as seen by the feeding transformer. The overall performance and power of the concept relies on optimally designed IGBT power modules used to the particular needs of an active filter application. The flexibility and accuracy of the PQF is due to a closed loop control system incorporating additional microprocessor capability in addition to the main DSP. The PQF is usually directly connected to the LV network. Solutions for higher voltages are also available. Line current - Filter running 800 FILTERED LINE CURRENT (100A/div) TIME ( 5MS/div) FILTERED SUPPLY CURRENT (% FUNDAMENTAL) 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% HARMONICS Advantages of the PQF Harmonic attenuation factor better than 3% for every harmonic order Filters up to 20 harmonics simultaneously Filters up to the 50th harmonic Filters with closed loop control for best accuracy Is not overloadable Has a programmable filtering strategy May filter without generation of reactive power May generate and control power factor Has programmable task priorities Does not require detailed network analysis Does not require special CT's Is easy to extend on site Comes factory tested and free choice of harmonics 3

4 PQFA: The ABB solution for active filtering of harmonics for heavy industrial loads Typical applications Steel industry, oil and gas industry, cement industry, automotive industry, process plants... Digital Control (DSP) Programmable filtering characteristics Perfect multi-tuning to selected harmonics Not overloadable Programmable power factor correction Zero-Q filtering capacity Programmable task priorities Power electronics PWM converter IGBT technology Forced air cooling Breaker & Auxiliaries Description D W H PQFA The PQFA consists of one controller and up to eight power modules mounted in cubicles together with auxiliary apparatus and wiring to form a factory assembled and tested system. The complete PQFA system consists of cubicle sections of standard dimensions 800 x 2150 x 600 mm (W x H x D). Large systems are usually mounted on a base for a total height of 2350 mm. Each cubicle section may contain: - One Controller and one power module (master unit) - One Controller and two power modules (master unit) - One power module (slave unit) - Two power modules (slave unit) Each system consists of one master and up to three slave sections. On site extensions are easily made by adding cubicle sections to a maximum of 4 cubicles. Several PQFA may operate together on the same network. 4

5 PQFA Technical specifications Active filter for three-phase network with or without neutral for filtering of non zero-sequence harmonics and reactive power compensation. RMS current per module 50 Hz - 400V (415V) 225A / power module - 525V 165A / power module - 600V 130A / power module 60 Hz - 380V 200A / power module - 440V 170A / power module - 480V 155A / power module - 600V 110A / power module Other voltages and ratings on request Modularity(*) up to 8 power modules / system Physical mounting up to 2 power modules / cubicle Voltage tolerance +/- 10% Harmonics to filter 50 Hz: up to 20, programmable up to the 50th harmonic 60 Hz: up to 15, programmable up to the 50th harmonic Degree of filtering Individually programmable per harmonic in relative or absolute terms Harmonic attenuation factor Better than 3% for every harmonic order I H (source) / I H (load) Reactive power Power factor programmable from 0.7 inductive to 0.7 capacitive Communication RS232 port Programming Alt 1) Using PC (not provided) and software (RS232 port) supplied with the equipment Alt 2) Using optional PQF-Manager Alt 3) Using PC (not provided) and optional PQF-Link software Response time 40 ms Active power less than 7 kw per module at full load Protection IP23 (IP20 open door) Cubicle dimensions 800 x 600 x 2150 mm (W x D x H) Weight Appr. 600 kg (with two power modules) Colour RAL 7032 (Beige) Installation Floor fixation. Lifting lugs provided. Cable entry from the bottom. Environment Indoor installation in clean environment up to 1000m altitude Ambient temperature -10 C/+40 C Humidity Maximum 95% RH; non-condensing Options Socle (200 mm) PQF-Manager PQF-Link (*) A derating of 5% should be considered for systems with more than one power module. Connection diagram L3 L2 L1 x/5a x/5a x/5a SUPPLY LOAD(S) CT1 CT2 CT3 L1 L2 L3 PQFA P.E. 5

6 PQFL: The ABB solution for active filtering of harmonics for industrial loads of lower capacity Typical applications Steel industry, oil and gas industry, cement industry, automotive industry, process plants... Digital Control (DSP) Programmable filtering characteristics Perfect multi-tuning to selected harmonics Not overloadable Programmable power factor correction Zero-Q filtering capacity Programmable task priorities Auxiliaries Contactor & fuses Power electronics PWM converter IGBT technology Forced air cooling Top or bottom cable entry Description D W H PQFL The PQFL consists of one controller and one power section mounted either in an IP23 cubicle or on a common plate (plate execution IP00). The cubicle version is factory assembled with auxiliary apparatus and wiring. The plate execution is equipped with a terminal for the connection of the wires to the cubicle front door. All the accessories to be installed on the front door are also supplied. The standard dimensions of the cubicle are 600 x 600 x 2150 mm (W x D x H). The standard dimensions of the mounting plate are 498 x 400 x 1696 (W x D x H). The PQFL is extensible to a maximum of 4 power sections of the same rating (1 master unit and 3 slave units). Several PQFL may operate together on the same network. 6

7 PQFL Technical specifications Active filter for three-phase network with or without neutral for filtering of non zero-sequence harmonics and reactive power compensation. RMS current per module 50 Hz - 400V (415V) 70A, 100A or 130A / power section 60 Hz - 380V 100A / power section - 440V 80A / power section - 480V 80A / power section Other voltages and ratings on request Modularity(*) up to 4 power sections / system Physical mounting 1 power section / cubicle Voltage tolerance +/- 10% Harmonics to filter 50 Hz: up to 20, programmable up to the 50th harmonic 60 Hz: up to 15, programmable up to the 50th harmonic Degree of filtering Individually programmable per harmonic in relative or absolute terms Harmonic attenuation factor Better than 97% for every harmonic order I H (source) / I H (load) Reactive power Power factor programmable from 0.7 inductive to 0.7 capacitive Communication RS232 port Programming Alt 1) Using PC (not provided) and software (RS232 port) supplied with the equipment Alt 2) Using optional PQF-Manager Alt 3) Using PC (not provided) and optional PQF- Link software Response time 40 ms Active power less than 3 kw per module at full load Protection IP23 (IP20 open door) IP00 Plate execution Cubicle dimensions 600 x 600 x 2150 mm (W x D x H) Plate dimensions 498 x 400 x 1696 mm (W x D x H) Weight IP23: appr. 250 kg IP00: appr. 200 kg Colour RAL 7032 (Beige) Installation PQFL IP23: Floor fixation. Lifting lugs provided. Bottom and top cable entry. PQFL IP00: plate to be mounted in cubicle (not provided) Environment Indoor installation in clean environment up to 1000m altitude Ambient temperature -10 C/+40 C Humidity Maximum 95% RH; non-condensing Options Socle (200 mm) PQF-Manager PQF-Link (*) A derating of 5% should be considered for systems with more than one power section. Connection diagram L3 L2 L1 x/5a x/5a x/5a SUPPLY LOAD(S) CT1 CT2 CT3 L1 L2 L3 PQFL P.E. 7

8 PQFT: the ABB solution for active filtering of harmonics for commercial loads including zero-sequence harmonics Typical applications Offices and buildings, UPS, lighting, HVAC, computer centers, lifts,... Digital Control (DSP) Programmable filtering characteristics Perfect multi-tuning to selected harmonics (including zero-sequence) Not overloadable Programmable power factor correction Zero-Q filtering capacity Programmable task priorities Auxiliaries Contactor & fuses Power electronics PWM converter IGBT technology Forced air cooling Top or bottom cable entry Description D W H PQFT The PQFT consists of one controller and one power section mounted either in an IP23 cubicle or on a common plate (plate execution IP00). The cubicle version is factory assembled with auxiliary apparatus and wiring. The plate execution is equipped with a terminal for the connection of the wires to the cubicle front door. All the accessories to be installed on the front door are also supplied. The standard dimensions of the cubicle are 600 x 600 x 2150 mm (W x D x H). The standard dimensions of the mounting plate are 499 x 400 x 1696 mm (W x D x H). The PQFT is extensible to a maximum of 4 power sections of the same rating (1 master unit and 3 slave units). Several PQFT may operate together on the same network. 8

9 PQFT Technical specifications Active filter for three-phase-four wires systems for filtering harmonics, including non-zero sequence, and reactive power compensation. RMS current per module 50 Hz - from 208V to 415V 50 Hz - from 208V to 415V 60 Hz - from 208V to 415V 40A, 70A, or 100A / power section 40A, 70A or 80A (*) / power section (*) 100A from 208V up to 280V Neutral current ratings 3 times the RMS current per module mentioned here above Modularity(**) up to 4 power sections / system Physical mounting 1 power section / cubicle Voltage tolerance +/- 10% Harmonics to filter 50 Hz: up to 15, programmable up to the 50th harmonic 60 Hz: up to 12, programmable up to the 50th harmonic Degree of filtering Individually programmable per harmonic in relative or absolute terms Attenuation factor Better than 97% for every harmonic order Reactive power Power factor programmable from 0.7 inductive to 0.7 capacitive Communication RS232 port Programming Alt 1) Using PC (not provided) and software (RS232 port) supplied with the equipment Alt 2) Using optional PQF-Manager Alt 3) Using PC (not provided) and optional PQF- Link software Response time 40 ms Active power less than 3 kw per module at full load Protection IP23 - Plate execution IP00 Cubicle dimensions 600 x 600 x 2150 mm (W x D x H) Plate dimensions 499 x 400 x 1696 mm (W x D x H) Weight Appr. 250 kg (IP00 : appr. 200 kg) Colour RAL 7032 (Beige) Installation IP23: Floor fixation. Lifting lugs provided. Bottom and top cable entry. IP00: plate to be mounted in cubicle Environment Indoor installation in clean environment up to 1000m altitude Ambient temperature -10 C/+40 C Humidity Maximum 95% RH; non-condensing Options Socle PQF-Manager PQF-Link (**) A derating of 5% should be considered for systems with more than one power section. Connection diagram SUPPLY N LOAD(S) PQFT 9

10 Optional accessories The PQF-Manager The PQF-Manager offers direct control, programming and monitoring capability without using a PC. It is located on the front panel of the filter cubicle. Keyboard 160x80 pixel backlit LCD Indicator lights The PQF-Manager Technical Specifications Dimensions: 258 x 124 mm Installation: As an option, on the front panel of the filter cubicle. Display: 160 x 80-pixel backlit LCD RS-232 serial port (connection with control rack) Window selection Access-key to the 3-level menu MENUS 3 main menus are available Voltage THD (L1-L2, L2-L3, L3-L1) Current THD (L1, L2, L3) Reactive power Reactive power compensation functionality may be selected. If ACCESS PROTECTION Filter operation and hardware set- according to the priority level of - Waveform fixed compensation is chosen, then up are password protected. the user: Line voltages (L1-L2, L2-L3, L3-L1) the output power needs to be set. In order to increase safety, the Consulting level (default Line currents (L1, L2, L3) If dynamic compensation is priority level automatically goes level) Filter currents (L1, L2, L3) chosen, then the desired target down to the lowest level after Filter operation - Spectrum power factor needs to be set. one minute of non-use of the Hardware set-up The spectrum of any of the Harmonics PQF-Manager. mentioned waveforms is available. The frequency components to Consulting level The values indicated may be expressed in Amps or in Volts. actively filter may be freely selectable. The degree of filtering In the consulting level, the PQF- Manager displays the following Filter operation may be specified per component in Amps or as a percentage of the information: Mode fundamental or total RMS current. - Filter status Percentage of filter capability The basic operation is to filter to a prescribed level. The function Hardware set-up used Mode allows using the additional This level gives access to Error messages capabilities of the filter for hardware configuration para- - Network status maximum filtering (harmonics meters: network characteristics, Line voltages (L1-L2, L2-L3, L3-L1) close to zero) or for generation filter sensors, and filter hardware Line currents (L1, L2, L3) of reactive power. set-up. 10

11 The PQF-Link The PQF-Link software offers direct control, programming and monitoring capability from a PC through the RS-232 serial port. All the features of the PQF-Link are directly accessible by clicking on the icons of the shortcut menu. The PQF-Link works under Windows NT (Service Pack 3 minimum). A cable for PC connection is supplied with the PQF-Link. According to the login level of the user, different icons are displayed. 3 access levels are defined in the login procedure: Consulting level: default level access to filter and network status, to waveform and spectrum display Filter operation: access to consulting level and filter programming Hardware set-up: access to filter operation and hardware set-up Particular features include: Detailed information on filter status: % of filter capability used error history Advanced spectrum display: bar graph and table of values in the same window: line voltages line currents filter currents Display of the filter and network waveforms with a customised time base: Line voltages Line currents Filter currents Simultaneous waveform display for the 3 phases Continuous updating of displayed information or snapshot display Remote control and programming of the PQF On/off Mode selection Reactive power control Harmonics and reactive power specifications Remote hardware set-up Network characteristics Filter sensors Filter hardware Display of several windows simultaneously Add/remove users and define their access level Line current spectrum and waveform (3 phases) displayed simulteanously Simultaneous display of several windows 11

12 Industrial IT describes the ABB Group commitment to bridging the gap between industrial and business assets and the information technology (IT) required to integrate these components in real time. The commitment encompasses a portfolio of compatible product building blocks for power, automation, and information; a robust, open architecture for integrated solutions; plus the domain expertise acquired through more than 100 years of meeting customer needs. While all care has been taken to ensure that the information contained in this publication is correct, no responsibility can be accepted for any inaccuracy. We reserve the right to alter or modify the information contained herein at any time in the light of technical or other developments. Technical specifications are valid under normal operating conditions only. We do not accept any responsibility for any misuse of the product and cannot be held liable for indirect or consequential damages.