PERSONAL AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Digital Technology and Standards

Transcription

1 PERSONAL AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Digital Technology and Standards

2 THE KLUWER INTERNATIONAL SERIES IN ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION THEORY Consulting Editor Robert Gallager Other books in the series: WIRELESS INFORMATION NElWORKS: Architecture, Resource Managment, and Mobile Data, Jack M. Holtzman ISBN: DIGITAL IMAGE COMPRESSION: Algorithms and Standards, Weidong Kou ISBN: X CONTROL AND PERFORMANCE IN PACKET, CIRCUIT, AND ATM NElWORKS, XueDao Gu, Kazem Sohraby and Dhadesugoor R. Varnan ISBN: DISCRETE STOCHASTIC PROCESSES, Robert G. Gallager ISBN: WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS: Research Developments, Brian D. Woerner, Theodore S. Rappaport and Jeffrey H. Reed ISBN: PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NElWORKS, A. Nejat Ince, Dag Wilhelmsen and Biilent Sankur ISBN: WIRELESS INFRARED COMMUNICATIONS, John R. Barry ISBN: COMMUNICATIONS AND CRYPTOGRAPHY: Two sides olone Tapestry, Richard E. Blahut, Daniel 1. Costello, Jr., Ueli Maurer and Thomas Mittelholzer ISBN: WIRELESS AND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS, Jack M. Holtzman and David J. Goodman ISBN: X INTRODUCTION TO CONVOLUTIONAL CODES WITH APPLICATIONS, Ajay Dholakia ISBN: CODED-MODULATION TECHNIQUES FOR FADING CHANNELS, S. Hamidreza Jamali, and Tho Le-Ngoc ISBN: WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS: Trends and Challenges, Theodore S. Rappaport, Brian D. Woerner, Jeffrey H. Reed ISBN: ELLIPTIC CURVE PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOSYSTEMS, Alfred Menezes ISBN: SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS: Mobile and Fixed Services, Michael Miller, Branka Vucetic and Les Berry ISBN: WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS: Future Directions, Jack M. Holtzman and David J. Goodman ISBN: DISCRETE-TIME MODELS FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS INCLUDING ATM, Herwig Bruneel and Byung G. Kim ISBN: APPLICATIONS OF FINITE FIELDS, Alfred J. Menezes, Ian F. Blake, XuHong Gao, Ronald C. Mullin, Scott A. Vanstone, Tomik Yaghoobian ISBN: WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS, Martin 1. Feuerstein, Theodore S. Rappaport ISBN: SEQUENCE DETECTION FOR HIGH-DENSITY STORAGE CHANNEL, Jaekyun Moon, L. Richard Carley ISBN: DIGITAL SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES: Military and Civil Applications, A. Nejat Ince ISBN: X IMAGE AND TEXT COMPRESSION, James A. Storer ISBN: VECTOR QUANTIZATION AND SIGNAL COMPRESSION, Allen Gersho, Robert M. Gray ISBN:

3 Distributors for North America: Kluwer Academic Publishers 10 1 Philip Drive Assinippi Park Norwell, Massachusetts USA Distributors for all other countries: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group Distribution Centre Post Office Box AH Dordrecht, THE NETHERLANDS Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN-13: e-isbn-13: DOl: / by Kluwer Academic Publishers Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1996 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photo-copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Assinippi Park, Norwell, Massachusetts Printed on acid-free paper.

4 PERSONAL AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Digital Technology and Standards by Kun II Park, Ph. D. Bell Communications Research, Inc. ~. " KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS Boston I Dordrecht I London

5 For Meyeon and Kyunja

6 CONTENTS PREFACE 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 General Characteristics of PCS 1.2 PCS Spectrum Allocations 1.3 Wireless Access Standards 1.4 Organization of the Book 2 DIGITAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY 2.1 What is a Digital Communications System? 2.2 Advantages of Digital Communications Systems 2.3 Main Technology Elements of Digital Wireless Communications Systems Source Coding Channel Coding Modulation Methods of Creating Physical Channels 38 3 THE STANDARD BASED ON THE NORTH AMERICAN HIGH-TIER TDMA SYSTEM Overview The Digital Control Channel 57 IX

7 viii CONTENTS 3.3 The Digital Traffic Channel lo3 4 THE STANDARD BASED ON THE NORTH AMERICAN HIGH-TIER CDMA SYSTEM Overview Physical Channels Logical Channels Frame Formats Digital Information Processing Call Processing Signaling Message Formats HIGHLIGHTS OF OTHER WIRELESS ACCESS STANDARDS The GSM-Based TDMA system The Personal Access Communications System The Wideband CDMA System The Composite TDMAlCDMA System The DECT-Based System Wireless Access Standards for the Unlicensed Operation 216 REFERENCES 219 ABOUT THE AUTHOR 221 INDEX 223

8 PREFACE Personal Communications Services (PCS) is a new concept which will expand the horizon of wireless communications beyond the limitations of current cellular systems to provide end users with the ability to communicate "with anyone, anywhere, anytime." In 1993, the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allocated a total of 140 MHz of frequency bands in the vicinity of 2 GHz to be used for PCS. In 1994, the FCC started auctioning licenses to operate PCS in these frequency bands, and, at the time of this writing, the auction is continuing. With these two pivotal actions by the FCC, PCS has taken a big step toward its realization. Because of the inherent nature of mobility, which is characteristic of personal communications, wireless communications and PCS have become inseparable concepts. In particular, PCS will critically depend on wireless technologies for the mobile-to-network access portion of the service, which is referred to as the common air interface. The topic of this book is the wireless access technology used for the common air interface in order to support PCS. The purpose of this book is two-fold: 1. First, this book presents clear tutorial expositions of main digital technology elements employed for wireless access systems. The main objective here is to pull together all the important basic technical elements necessary in understanding wireless access systems at one place so that the reader can obtain an overall view of the technology quickly and systematically. 2. The second purpose of this book is to review the common air interface standards for PCS. There are literally thousands of pages devoted to the PCS common air interface standards. These standards documents are intended for experts who are familiar with not only the underlying technologies but also the process and

9 x PREFACE rationale behind the written words. These reading-between-the-lines aspects are not obvious in the written words of the standards and can be very cryptic to an average reader. With respect to reviewing the standards, this book has two main objectives. The first objective is to sift out and summarize important elements of the standards, which are buried in the veritable mountain of paper in all too unfamiliar terms, notations, and abbreviations. The second objective is to expand, almost paradoxically, some of the more important elements to explain the intent and significance of the written words of the standards. In order to accomplish the second objective, various means are used. Many supporting diagrams have been provided to illustrate important points and explain underlying concepts. In other instances, some of the diagrams and tables of the standards are expanded to provide details. The detailed discussion of the standards is provided using two main standards as examples, one TDMA standard, and one CDMA standard. For other standards, highlights of key elements of the standards are presented. This book is written for two primary audiences: 1. Managers and professionals involved in personal and wireless communications. This book will provide them with a quick means of obtaining a comprehensive picture of overall aspects which are important in the area. 2. Students and professors in the communications field. This book can be used as a text for a one-semester wireless communications course in a graduate school curriculum of electrical engineering. Kun II Park Red Bank, New Jersey Dr. Park is an employee at Bell Communications Research, Inc. (Bellcore). The views expressed herein are those of Dr. Park, and do not necessarily represent the views of Bellcore or its owners.