BIOMEDICAL E T H I C S REVIEWS

Transcription

1 HUMAN CLONING

2 BIOMEDICAL E T H I C S REVIEWS Edited by James M. Humber and Robert F. Almeder BOARD OF EDITORS William Bechtel Washington University St. Louis, Missouri William J. Curran Harvard School of Public Health Boston, Massachusetts Kurt Hirschhorn The Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, New York Richard Hull State Univ. of New York, Buffalo Amherst, New York James Muyskens University System of Georgia Atlanta, Georgia James Rachels University of Alabama Birmingham, Alabama George Rainbolt Georgia State University Atlanta, Georgia Richard Wasserstrom University of California Santa Cruz, California Thomas H. Murray Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio

3 BIOMEDICAL ETHICS REVIEWS HUMAN CLONING Edited by James M. Humber and Robert F. Almeder Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia *' Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

4 Copyright 1998 by Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Humana Press lnc. in 1998 Ali rights in any form whatsoever reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise) without written permission from the publisher. Ali authored papers, comments, opinions, conclusions, or recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher. This publication is printed on acid-free paper.gi:> ANSI Z (American National Standards Institute) Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. Cover design by Patricia F. Cleary. Photocopy Authorization Policy: Authorization to photocopy items for interna! or personal use, or the interna! or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Springer Science+Business Media, LLC., provided that the base fee of US $8.00 per copy, plus US $00.25 per page, is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center at 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license from the cec, a separate system of payment has been arranged and is acceptable to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. The fee code for users ofthe Transactional Reporting Service is: [ /98 $ $00.25]. ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / The Library of Congress has cataloged this serial title as follows: Biomedical ethics reviews Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, c1982- v.; 25 cm--{contemporary issues in biomedicine, ethics, and society) Annual. Editors: James M. Humber and Robert F. Almeder. ISSN = Biomedical ethics reviews. 1. Medical ethic~eriodicals. 1. Humber, James M. 11. Almeder, Robert F. III. Series. [DNLM: Ethics, Medical-periodicals. W (P)] R724.B '.2'05--dc AACR2 MARC-S

5 Contents vii ix Preface Contributors 1 Cloning, Historical Ethics, and NBAC Craig M. Klugman and Thomas H. Murray 51 The Prospect of Human Cloning: An Opportunity for National and International Cooperation in Bioethics George J. Annas 65 The Moral Staus of the Cloning of Humans Michael Tooley 103 Surprise! You're Just Like Me!: Reflections on Cloning, Eugenics, and Other Utopias Richard M. Zaner 153 Religiously Based Objections to Human Cloning: Are They Sustainable? Jan C. Heller 177 Human Cloning in Ethical Perspectives Hans O. Tiefel 209 Index v

6 Preface The cloning of Dolly in 1997 was a shock to all. The day after Dolly's existence was made known to the world, President Clinton asked t4e National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) to assess the moral and legal issues involved in the use of cloning technology. When the Commission's report was released in June of 1997, one of its principle claims was that it would not be morally proper, under current conditions, to clone a human being. Undaunted by the Commission's report, at least one researcher, Dr. Seed, has announced his intention to clone a human. At present, the debate continues. In this issue of Biomedical Ethics Reviews, seven highly respected authors examine the topic of human cloning from a variety of different perspectives. In the text the authors describe the procedure of somatic cell nuclear transfer and outline the history of cloning discourse. They analyze both the moral and religious arguments for and against human cloning, and in the process critically evaluate the recommendations of the NBAC. In addition, a number of authors discuss the effect that the creation of Dolly has had on our sense of self-identity and beliefs about the meaning oflife. This issue of Biomedical Ethics Reviews is the sixteenth annual volume in a series designed to review and update the literature on issues of central importance in bioethics today. We greatly hope our readers will find the present volume of Biomedical Ethics Reviews to be both enjoyable and informative, and that they will look forward with anticipation to the publication of next year's text. James M. Humber Robert F. Almeder Vll

7 Contributors George Annas Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA Jan Heller Center for Ethics in Health Care, Atlanta, Georgia Craig Klugman University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas Thomas Murray Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio Hans Tiefel The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia Michael Tooley University of Colorado at Boulder, Colorado Richard Zaner Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee lx