Matting and Compositing. Digital Visual Effects, Spring 2006 Yung-Yu Chuang 2006/5/10
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1 Matting and Compositing Digital Visual Effects, Spring 2006 Yung-Yu Chuang 2006/5/10
2 Traditional matting and composting
3 Photomontage The Two Ways of Life, 1857, Oscar Gustav Rejlander Printed from the original 32 wet collodion negatives.
4 Photographic compositions Lang Ching-shan
5 Use of mattes for compositing The Great Train Robbery (1903) matte shot
6 Use of mattes for compositing The Great Train Robbery (1903) matte shot
7 Optical compositing King Kong (1933) Stop-motion + optical compositing
8 Digital matting and compositing The lost world (1925) The lost world (1997) Miniature, stop-motion Computer-generated images
9 Digital matting and composting King Kong (1933) Jurassic Park III (2001) Optical compositing Blue-screen matting, digital composition, digital matte painting
10 Digital matting: bluescreen matting Forrest Gump (1994) The most common approach for films. Expensive, studio setup. Not a simple one-step process.
11 Titanic Matting and compositing
12 background replacement background editing Matting and Compositing
13 Color difference method (Ultimatte) C=F+αB F α Blue-screen photograph Spill suppression if B>G then B=G Matte creation α=b-max(g,r)
14 Chroma-keying (Primatte)
15 F α B foreground color alpha matte background plate B composite C α=0 F C C = αf + ( 1 α) B compositing equation Compositing
16 F α B composite F C C = αf + ( 1 α) B C B α=1 compositing equation Compositing
17 F α B composite C F C C = αf + ( 1 α) B B α=0.6 compositing equation Compositing
18 F α B observation C C = αf + ( 1 α) B compositing equation Matting
19 F α B Three approaches: 1 reduce #unknowns 2 add observations 3 add priors C C = αf + ( 1 α) B compositing equation Matting
20 F α B C C = αf + ( 1 α) B difference matting Matting (reduce #unknowns)
21 F α C B C = αf + ( 1 α) B blue screen matting Matting (reduce #unknowns)
22 F α C B C = αf + ( 1 α) B C = αf + ( 1 α) B triangulation Matting (add observations)
23 F α B C unknown BG B FG C = αf + ( 1 α) B Ruzon-Tomasi rotoscoping Natural Matting image (add matting priors)
24 Bayesian image matting
25 posterior probability likelihood priors Bayesian framework
26 Priors
27 repeat 1. fix alpha 2. fix F and B until converge Optimization
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45 trimap alpha input Results
46 input composite Results
47 input trimap image Comparisons
48 Bayesian Ruzon-Tomasi Comparisons
49 Bayesian Ruzon-Tomasi Comparisons
50 input image Comparisons
51 Bayesian Mishima Comparisons
52 Bayesian Mishima Comparisons
53 Video matting
54 input video Video matting
55 input video input key trimaps Video matting
56 input video interpolated trimaps Video matting
57 input video interpolated trimaps output alpha Video matting
58 input video Composite interpolated trimaps output alpha Video matting
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60 optical flow
61 optical flow
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70 Sample composite
71 Garbage mattes
72 Garbage mattes
73 Background estimation
74 Background estimation
75 Alpha matte
76 without background with background Comparison
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83 C P(F) B
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87 More on matting
88 Recent progresses on matting Poisson matting LazySnapping/GrabCut BP matting Two-camera matting methods Defocus matting Flash matting
89 Poisson matting
90 Poisson matting
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92 LazySnapping
93 LazySnapping
94 LazySnapping
95 LazySnapping
96 Interactive matting
97 Interactive matting
98 Use belief propagation to solve the optimization problem Interactive matting
99 Two-camera matting methods Invisible lights Polarized lights Infrared Thermo-key Depth Keying (ZCam)
100 Invisible lights (Infared)
101 Invisible lights (Infared)
102 Invisible lights (Infared)
103 Invisible lights (Infared)
104 Invisible lights (Infared)
105 Invisible lights (Infared)
106 Invisible lights (Polarized)
107 Invisible lights (Polarized)
108 Thermo-Key
109 Thermo-Key
110 ZCam
111 ZCam
112 Defocus matting
113 Defocus Composite B F B F C I P ) (1 ),, ( α α α + = = Pinhole Composite ) )( (1 ) ( ),,,, ( g B h h F h g B F C I + = α α α Defocus (Lens) Composite g and h are aperture masks of varying radius
114 ) )( (1 ) ( ),,,, ( g B h h F h g B F C I + = α α α Defocus Composite Matting is underconstrained for a single composite 3 constraints x 3 composites = 9 constraints; solvable 3 constraints 7 unknowns (Lens Parameters)
115 Defocus matting
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117 flash no flash matte Flash matting
118 Background is much further than foreground and receives almost no flash light Flash matting
119 Foreground flash matting equation Generate a trimap and directly apply Bayesian matting. Flash matting
120 Foreground flash matting
121 Joint Bayesian flash matting
122 Joint Bayesian flash matting
123 flash no flash Comparison
124 foreground flash matting ioint Bayesian flash matting Comparison
125 Flash matting
126 Shadow matting and composting
127 source scene target background
128 blue screen image target background
129 blue screen composite target background
130 blue screen composite photograph
131 blue screen composite photograph Geometric errors
132 blue screen composite photograph Photometric errors
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135 S β L C
136 S β L C C=βL+(1-β)S shadow compositing equation Shadow compositing equation
137 β C C=βL+(1-β)S shadow compositing equation Shadow matting
138 S β L C C=βL+(1-β)S shadow compositing equation Shadow matting
139 S β L C C=βL+(1-β)S shadow compositing equation Shadow matting
140 S β L C C=βL+(1-β)S shadow compositing equation Shadow compositing
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147 Geometric errors
148 source scene target background
149 source scene target background Requirement #1
150 source scene target background Requirement #2
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187 Environment matting
188 blue screen matting photogrph
189 traditional compositing equation B C F 1-α T composite foreground background
190 environment compositing equation [Zongker 99] R A B C F 1-α T composite foreground background
191 O(k) images Environment matting [Zongker 99]
192 Zongker et al. photograph Problem: color dispersion
193 Zongker et al. photograph Problem: glossy surface
194 Zongker et al. photograph Problem: multiple mappings
195 W C composite weighting function T background
196 Multimodal Arbitrary weighting oriented function Gaussian
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199 Zongker et al. high accuracy algorithm photograph Problem: color dispersion
200 Zongker et al. high accuracy algorithm photograph Glossy surface
201 without orientation photograph without orientation Oriented Gaussian
202 Zongker et al. high accuracy algorithm photograph Problem: multiple mappings
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204 compositing model matting method color belnding C = αf + ( 1 α) B blue-screen Bayesian shadow C = βs + ( 1 β)l Shadow matting refraction reflection C = F + WB High-accuracy env. matting
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