Privacy Preserving Optics for Miniature Vision Sensors
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1 Privacy Preserving Optics for Miniature Vision Sensors Francesco Pittaluga and Sanjeev J. Koppal University of Florida Electrical and Computer Engineering
2 Shoham et al. 07, Wood 08, Enikov et al. 09, Agrihouse 15 The next wave of small devices Microrobots Medical devices Remote sensor nodes
3 In the future, there will be trillions of networked miniature cameras.
4 Privacy in the Face of Trillions of Eyes Some groups are particularly vulnerable
5 Our ideas 1) Pre-Capture Privacy Privacy before capture 2) Miniaturizing Algorithms - High performance - Smallest mass and volume We show mobile scale prototypes
6 Motivating Example We want to: 1) Track/Photograph everyone Group of People 2) Prevent face recognition Quantitative: accurate people tracking and low recognition rate
7 Block Diagram Light 1. Tracking people with privacy Modulating Optics Light Camera Group of People 2. Photographing people with privacy
8 Block Diagram Light 1. Tracking people with privacy Modulating Optics Light Camera Group of People 2. Photographing people with privacy
9 Ray Diagram Display Light Displayed light Camera Group of People Beam splitter
10 Ray Diagram Display Light Displayed light Group of People Beam splitter Camera Displayed light + Scene radiance
11 Pre-Capture White-Out Some overexposed pixels Light Group of People Beam splitter Image Captured
12 Optical K-Anonymity Optically superimpose face Light Group of People Beam splitter Sweeney 2002
13 Optical K-anonymity Scene Displayed Image Sensor output
14 Image Formation Model Image pixel Scene point radiance Pixel-radiance map Weight Camera-display transform Optical path split ratio Weight sum of k-1 images
15 Miniaturization (Orthographic)
16 Miniaturization (Orthographic) Display M_min (min size for res.) Camera Beam splitter
17 Miniaturization (Orthographic) Display lmask lbeam M_min (min size for res.) Camera Beam splitter
18 Volume occupied Display Camera Beam splitter
19 Miniaturization by translation Display Camera Beam splitter
20 Miniaturization (Perspective) Please see details in the paper
21 Block Diagram Light 1. Tracking people with privacy Modulating Optics Light Camera Group of People 2. Photographing people with privacy
22 Block Diagram Light 1. Tracking people with privacy Modulating Optics Light Camera Group of People 2. Photographing people with privacy
23 Our key ideas Defocus in time-of-flight (TOF) and thermal domains preserve utility and provide privacy Multiple defocus apertures allow privacy and utility even in visible domains Not effective in RGB for small blur Neustaedter 2006
24 Privacy Vision Sensor 1 of 3 Light 1. Tracking people with privacy Modulating Optics Light Camera Group of People 2. Photographing people with privacy
25 Defocused time-of-flight camera Conventional usage With Defocus
26 Defocused time-of-flight camera Conventional usage With Defocus
27 Privacy Vision Sensor 2 of 3 Light 1. Tracking people with privacy Modulating Optics Light Camera Group of People 2. Photographing people with privacy
28 Defocused thermal camera FLIR One with defocus lens
29 Miniaturization of defocus d u
30 Miniaturization of defocus d Camera with defocus u
31 Miniaturization of defocus Camera with defocus
32 Miniaturization of defocus Angular support Given desired support Given tolerance Camera with defocus Viewing direction Koppal 2013
33 Miniaturization of defocus Given Our PAMI 2013 u, d Output Defocus parameter and angular res. Biggest feature to anonymize Given
34 Miniaturization of defocus Given Our PAMI 2013 u, d Output Given Output
35 Miniaturization of defocus Camera with defocus
36 Miniaturization of defocus Camera with defocus
37 Privacy Vision Sensor 3 of 3 Light 1. Tracking people with privacy Modulating Optics Light Camera Group of People 2. Photographing people with privacy
38 Scale space analysis Gaussian pyramid Lindeberg 1998
39 Worry about privacy here! Scale space analysis with optical defocus Optical apertures Scene
40 Scale space detection with optical defocus A classifier is trained on the blobs
41 Optical Array Miniaturization
42 Optical Array Miniaturization Optical elements with mass/volume/fov Physical device has size limits
43 Optical Array Miniaturization Optical elements with mass/volume/fov Physical device has size limits
44 Optical Array Miniaturization Has two parts Selection Packing We focus on selection Korf et al. 2010
45 Knapsack Problem These could get added into the design
46 Optical Knapsack Problem
47 Optical Knapsack Problem Angular discretization No magic: Pseudo-polynomial approximation
48 Summary K-anonymity Camera Defocus in thermal and TOF preserves privacy Optical scale space analysis Optical knapsack solution
49 Future Work: Privacy in Image Formation Materials Image Formation Camera Geometry Acquired Image Lighting
50 Demo at CVPR 2015 Sensor Setup Pre-Capture White-Out
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