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1 Welcome to TruTech Training! We ll be starting in just a few moments Making measurement science work! If you are having trouble connecting, please Bill@TruTechTools.com

2 TruTech Tools and Proactive Maintenance Consultants Presents: Thermography 101

3 Agenda What is infrared and a bit of history? What is thermal imaging and where is it used? Thermography Considerations Common Inspection Scenarios Choosing a Thermal Imager Summary

4 An effective infrared scanning program Analogous to a three legged stool Know your camera Program/process for effective thermal imaging Understand the science of infrared Today we are going to touch on the science of infrared

5 Understanding Thermography Fluke Company CONFIDENTIAL

6 UNLIKE GLASS.the Germanium lens Will transmit infrared radiation Influences image quality Can be easily scratched Is the single most expensive component on an infrared camera Is replaceable, modular on higher-end cameras (with software mapping or re-calibration) Can be protected (germanium protection glass) Fluke Company CONFIDENTIAL

can be sensed by our skin All objects, whatever their temperature, emit

7 What is infrared? Infrared radiation is radiated heat that cannot be seen by our eyes but can be sensed by our skin All objects, whatever their temperature, emit infrared radiation The intensity of infrared radiation depends on the temperature and a surface property termed emissivity. 4/24/2012 7

radiated energy to a digital image Provides visual verification and

8 What Does a Thermal Imager Do? Displays the thermal patterns on a given surface by converting the radiated energy to a digital image Provides visual verification and documentation of problems, before and after Reduces liability, improves efficiency, adds revenue stream Fluke Company CONFIDENTIAL

9 What a Thermal Imager Does NOT Do. See through walls or material Distinguish moisture issues from thermal issues Measure temperature Give answers that need no interpretation Fluke Company CONFIDENTIAL

10 Sir William Herschel Brief history In 1800 Sir William Herschel stared at the sun and made an important discovery (2 very important discoveries) Don t stare at the sun! That the different colors of the light spectrum contained different levels of heat He devised an experiment to prove his theory

That the temperature of the colors increased from the violet to the red part of the spectrum.

11 Herschel Herschel directed sunlight through a glass prism and he measured the temperatures of the different colors he noticed: That all of the colors had temperatures higher than the control temperature. That the temperature of the colors increased from the violet to the red part of the spectrum. Herschel also discovered "calorific rays" that were above or beyond red, they were even warmer in temperature Later re-named Infra-red radiation Had many properties similar to visible light Speed of light Goes in a straight line Can reflect and be absorbed

12 Thermal Imaging. is the non-contact detection and measurement of emitted radiation from a surface.

Energy auditing Weatherization Home inspections Electrical Equipment Electrical

13 Where can we use a Thermal Imager? Thermal imagers allow you to easily inspect: Building Envelope Building commissioning Energy auditing Weatherization Home inspections Electrical Equipment Electrical Circuits Mechanical Equipment Heating / Cooling Equipment Industrial low slope roofs Human health Animal health Many others. Fluke Company CONFIDENTIAL

Common Air Leak Sources Source: DOE - http://www1.eere.

14 Common Air Leak Sources Source: DOE - Date Accessed: 4/20/2009

15 What Do We Look For? Air infiltration Energy use Comfort Insulation or installation issues Moisture Construction problems

16 Where do we look? Indoor Walls Floors Ceilings Ducts Exterior Thermal bridging Windows & doors Construction joints Roofs HVAC/R Electrical and Mechanical Systems Viewing conditioned vs. unconditioned space

Identifies specific location Non-contact Obtained without

17 Thermography Benefits Measurements are: Very sensitive to problem characteristics Can scan large areas quickly Identifies specific location Non-contact Obtained without disturbing structure Detect problem before significant damage

18 Three Modes of Heat Transfer Conductive Heat Flow: Convective Heat Flow: Radiation Heat Flow: * Solids * * Fluids & Gasses * Electromagnetic Waves And sometimes in fluids & gasses

19 Heat or Thermal Capacitance

20 4/24/2012 Fluke Confidential 20

Thermography Considerations A thermal gradient exists from the inside to the outside The primary factors influencing this are: Conduction Thermal capacitance Convection

21 Thermography Considerations A thermal gradient exists from the inside to the outside The primary factors influencing this are: Conduction Thermal capacitance Convection Load on the system Emissivity of the surface State change on the surface Wind Effects Angular Variations Your Surroundings Reflective Surfaces Fluke Company CONFIDENTIAL

22 4/24/2012 Fluke Confidential 22

23 Master Thermography Presentation JWP-4 23

24 What are we seeing? 24 Fluke Confidential 4/24/2012

Direct View As perpendicular to target as possible

25 Conditions for Inspection There are some basic conditions that must be met in order to perform most inspections: Direct View As perpendicular to target as possible Understand environmental conditions Sun Wind Make a plan follow a plan 25

26 Types of Measurements (Most of the measurements that are taken) Qualitative Qualitative inspections focus on temperature differences as opposed to actual temperatures 1. Temperature differences are sufficient to indicate most abnormalities in electrical and mechanical equipment Quantitative Precise temperature or temperature distribution measurement 1. Slight variations caused by changes in material properties, atmospheric conditions and other factors could distort the readings

operation Organizations are developing standards

27 What You Need to Know How buildings work & how they are built Heat transfer basics Thermal imager operation Organizations are developing standards RESNET & BPI Level I training & certification requirements ASNT SNT-TC-1A

18 F for Insulation Inspection (* better cameras

28 Successful IR Audit Air Leaks ASTM E-1186 ΔT of 3 F for Air Leak Inspection Insulation ASTM C-1060 ΔT of 18 F for Insulation Inspection (* better cameras narrow ΔT) Solar Loading & Wind can mask problems Focus!

Inspecting with IR Stabilize home Turn HVAC off 10-15 min before

systematically follow route IR image appears hot or cold depending

29 Inspecting with IR Stabilize home Turn HVAC off min before scan Perform visual inspection of building envelope Work systematically follow route IR image appears hot or cold depending on climate Inspect from both inside and outside Validate findings with other tools

30 30

31 Building Inspection & Energy Auditing Installation issue Roof deck moisture Moisture Issues In-floor heat verification Fluke Company CONFIDENTIAL

32 Building Inspection & Energy Auditing Roof deck moisture Moisture Installation issue Attic access air leak In-floor heat verification Air Leak

33 4/24/2012 Fluke Confidential 33

36 36

38 Master Thermography Presentation JWP-4

40 Insulation issues Master Thermography Presentation JWP-4 40

41 4/24/2012

42 42 Master Thermography Presentation JWP-4

environment until equilibrium is reached (dry) EMC causes thermal anomaly

44 IR Moisture Detection Evaporative Moisture Cooling (EMC) Wet materials evaporating water will reduce the surface temperature in a controlled environment until equilibrium is reached (dry) EMC causes thermal anomaly on surface, even when surface is dry Temperature difference can be >0.1 F MOISTURE

45 Water Damage 45 Master Thermography Presentation JWP-4

46 46 Master Thermography Presentation JWP-4

47 Other applications for your infrared camera

48 Thermography Uses and Users Where is Thermography Used Vertical markets Equipment Applications Building Diagnostics Medical Industrial Engines Furnaces Human Health Utilities Drives HVAC Animal Health Local & State Government Motors Roofs Chiropractic Petroleum/Gas Electric Motor Bearings Building envelopes Acupuncture Construction/Restoration Electric Motor Windings Water Restoration Paper & Pup Mills Belts and drive shafts Mold Remediation Data Centers Electrical panels Pest Control R&D Switchgear Human & Animal Medical Power lines Automotive UPS systems Fluke Company CONFIDENTIAL

49 Electrical Applications Electrical Sub-stations Hot phase Overhead bus bar 49

50 Electrical Applications Electrical 90.9 C 90 Relay panel - loose connection due to vibration Transformer cooling fan issue C Fuse disconnect 50

51 Electromechanical & Mechanical Electric Motor Misaligned belt Hydraulic pumps 51 Compressors - normal Roller bearings

52 Process and Product Development Process Installations C High temp cement kiln 150 Tank Levels C Observe weld cooling patterns Paper processing issue 52

53 Common mistakes Focus!!! You cannot correct for poor focus with software! Assuming the temperatures presented in the image are correct Miss-interpreting moisture for cold air infiltration Not accounting for environmental concerns The sun The wind The temperature Not accounting for the reflective properties of the materials being viewed Miss-stating the problem observed Not setting the stage to capture the best images Framing the image Steady state vs. transient Understanding basic construction and construction materials Fluke Company CONFIDENTIAL

54 Choosing an imager Know your application Arguably the most important for the Building Diagnostic applications thermal sensitivity The RESNET Standard recommends 100mK (0.1 C) or less The lower the better Price vs. USE! A more thermally sensitive camera at a higher price may just have a better ROI! A very important consideration. (Days and hours of use.) Thermal resolution what are your targets? Detector size 120 x 120 to 640 x 480 So what does this all mean?

target size Spatial resolution (smallest area seen by a detector, or spot

55 Thermal resolution is the detector size Depends on the Application Distance to target vs. target size Spatial resolution (smallest area seen by a detector, or spot size) Temperature measurement accuracy, or IFOV measurement (smallest area that can be measured) Can be improved by getting closer to the target Budget

56 FOV, IFOV, IFOVmeas

57 FOV, IFOV, IFOVmeas Spatial Resolution

58 FOV, IFOV, IFOVmeas Measurement resolution TruTech How important is IFOVmeas in BD?

59 Choosing an imager Visual camera option on board or separate digital camera? Keeping track of images on two cameras (date/time stamp) Ease of use! Buttons, feel, menu system, etc. Voice annotation Laser pointers Display Compass

60 Choosing an imager.and let s not forget the software! Know your budget Plan for training The cameras may be very powerful and very easy to operate but the need to understand thermography has not changed! Be careful chasing a specific features offered by a manufacture Talk to reputable people in your industry Like us!!!

61 Level and Span Allows you to ignore thermal patterns that are not of interest. Narrow the span and adjust level as needed Area of interest Auto Manual

62 RESNET Interim Guidelines for Thermographic Inspections of Buildings September 29, 2010 Resolution The Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference (NETD), which is a measurement of thermal resolution or sensitivity, must be less than or equal to 0.10 C at 30 C (0.18 F at 86 F). Spectral Range The infrared imaging system must have an operating spectral range that falls anywhere between 2 and 15 micrometers (μm). Field of View (FOV) This is defined as the picture size or total field of view, which is normally expressed in angular degrees or radians per side if rectangular and angular degrees or radians if circular. The FOV should be capable of showing at least two wall-framing cavities across while still being able to resolve an individual framing member. In order to accomplish this prerequisite, a FOV of approximately 20 degrees is suggested.

RESNET Interim Guidelines for Thermographic Inspections of Buildings September 29, 2010 Recorded Images The imaging system must have a means of recording images seen on the camera s screen.

63 RESNET Interim Guidelines for Thermographic Inspections of Buildings September 29, 2010 Recorded Images The imaging system must have a means of recording images seen on the camera s screen. The images may either be in a video format or in individual still frame images. Instantaneous Field of View and Detector The detector and lens combination of the infrared imaging system must have sufficient resolution to resolve framing members and the small void areas or wall cavities. For practical purposes, the camera s detector array must have no less than 120 x 120 pixels.

64 4/24/2012 Fluke Confidential 64

65 The Reality A thermal imager can be your answer! 1. Thermal Imagers are easy to use, point/focus/capture 2. They will make you more effective and efficient 3. Time is money find and report thermal anomalies more quickly 4. Consider training and inspection route development You WILL find thermal problems 1. discover and report problems faster 2. validate repairs 3. verify new installations - commissioning 4. save money! Using an infrared camera effectively, you WILL see a positive ROI! 65

66 Questions? Review!

67 Level 1 Training

68 Coming in May from TruTechTools! Camera training - Brand specific Fluke Testo FLIR

69 Thank you for your time and attention! COMING SOON. For a copy of the slides or link to a recorded session go to: See more videos from TruTech: Contact us: John W. Pratten III, Level III Thermographer ASNT Compliant Proactive Maintenance Consultants, LLC Cell: jwp.pmc@gmail.com Bill Spohn, Co-Owner: Bill@TruTechTools.com Jim Bergmann, Co-Owner: Jim2@TruTechTools.com Eric Preston, Sales Manager: Eric@TruTechTools.com Making measurement science work!

Fluke TiR Series Thermal Imagers

Fluke TiR Series Thermal Imagers Find building problems faster. IR-Fusion Technology infrared and visual images fused together makes infrared easy to understand Designed especially for building and restoration