Emicon Engineering Consultants L.L.C.

Transcription

1 Emicon Engineering Consultants L.L.C. Power Quality Consulting & Solutions Presentation / Pre-Qualification Emicon, Specialised in Power Quality Consulting and Pollution Control on Electrical Network

2 Company Background Emicon Engineering Consultants (L.L.C.), formerly Capital Associates, established in 2014 provide innovative, multidisciplinary Engineering, Project Management, Value Engineering & Construction Information Consultancy Services The company operates five different consultancy divisions viz. Engineering, Power Quality & solutions, Vertical Transportation, Construction Information / IT services & Bldg. Automation Third-party consultancy services company Specialized MEP Engineering Consultancy Services Co. Expertise in electrical power quality studies & power systems analysis Presence throughout the Middle East More than 50 years of experience between our team Association with service partners in the Middle East, UK & India Technical support from the industrial leaders like ABB, Schneider, Eaton, Siemens, Circutor, Energy Ace & Danfoss Emicon assist other companies to effectuate their objectives

3 Power Quality Consulting Services & Solutions MEP design, third party review and study On-site electrical measurements & inspections Electrical Thermography studies (Infrared survey) Software simulation studies (Load flow, Harmonics, Protection coordination, Reactor selection for Capacitor Bank, Transients, Motor Starting, Short circuit) Fault investigation & trouble shooting of power quality issues Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) studies Design & recommendation of LV harmonic filters Passive & Active filters Design & recommendation of MV capacitor banks and harmonic filters MEP Consultancy & Project Management services MEP supervision, third-party review, inspections, audit & certification

4 Quality Systems Emicon has a quality system in compliance with the latest standards. The System is fully in accordance with ISO Emicon is in the process of implementing quality standards in line with ISO 9001 and is expected to be accredited by second quarter of 2019.

5 OVERVIEW Definition for Power Quality: A supply that is always available, always within voltage and frequency tolerance, with a pure, noise free, sinusoidal wave shape The Quality of electrical power may be described in terms of a set of electrical parameters Continuity of service Variation in voltage magnitude Transient voltages and currents Harmonic content in the waveform

6 Power Quality Issues Harmonic distortion Voltage sags ( dips, brownouts ) Voltage swells ( surges ) Outages ( power cuts, blackouts ) Transient voltage surges ( spikes ) Poor power factor

7 Harmonics A special category of power quality problem Harmonic is a sinusoidal component of a periodic wave or quantity having a frequency that is an integral multiple of the fundamental frequency. (IEEE Std )

8 Comparison of Wave Forms

9 Sources of Harmonics Harmonic currents are caused by the use of nonlinear loads: Non linear loads like Static power converters AC/DC DC motors, battery chargers, rectifiers AC/DC/AC-VFD,VSD AC/AC Cyclo-converters Switched mode power supplies (SMPS) HF fluorescent ballasts Compact fluorescent lamps Inverters UPS systems

10 Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)

11 Effects of Harmonics Conductor overheating-harmonic currents on undersized conductors or cables can cause a skin effect, which increases with frequency Transformers & Generators - have increased iron and copper losses or eddy currents due to stray flux losses. This causes excessive overheating in the windings Capacitor Banks - can be affected by heat rise increases due to power loss and reduced life on the capacitors Fuses and Circuit Breakers - harmonics can cause false operation & trips, damaging or blowing components Utility Meters - may record measurements incorrectly, resulting in higher billings to consumers Motors - circulating harmonic current may cause excessive heating and premature failure of rotating machines

12 Voltage & Current Waveforms

13 Harmonic Bar Graph - Voltage

14 Harmonic Bar Graph - Current

15 Effects of Triple-N Harmonics Triple-N harmonics are odd multiples of 3 times fundamental frequency, i.e., 3 rd, 9 th, 15 th etc. They are all in phase (zero sequence) and they sum up in the neutral conductor Switched Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) produce a lot of 3 rd harmonic - this is especially problematic in commercial buildings due to the vast number of computers, office equipment, lighting etc.

16 Neutral Current Neutral connections are susceptible to over heating when serving single-phase loads on the Y side that have high 3rd Harmonic Measuring current on delta side will not show the triplens and therefore do not give a true idea of the heating the transformer is subjected to The flow of triplens can be interrupted by appropriate isolation transformer connection Removing the neutral connection in one or both Y windings blocks the flow of Triplen harmonic current

17 Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) Current Waveform Desktop System Current (A) Degrees

18 Harmonic Spectrum of SMPS Desktop System Current (A) Harmonic

19 Bar Graph Neutral Current

20 Capacitors & Harmonics I L I H I C System Impedance System Capacitanc e X L = 2π fl X C = 1 2π fc

21 Capacitors & Harmonics Inductive impedance is directly proportional to the frequency Capacitive impedance is inversely proportional to the frequency

22 Impedance Vs Frequency

23 Resonance Series Resonance Parallel Resonance

24 Frequency Response

25 Avoiding Resonance With PF Capacitors Point of Resonance f 0 f o = 50 System Fault Level (MVA) Capacitor Size (Mvar)

26 For Reducing System Harmonics Add Passive Filters Add Active Filters

27 Why Passive Filters? Shunt or Single Tuned Filters which provide low impedance path for harmonic current Reduce cable heating and line losses Improve power factor Improve system voltage/current waveform Prevent nuisance tripping of fuse and circuit breakers

28 Why Active Filters? Instantly adapts to changing source and load conditions Present Installation has high uncorrected PF hence passive filter will not work. Increased system efficiency & never gets over loaded Global or selective harmonic current compensation Site adjustable compensation parameters

29 Active Filters Operation CURRENT HARMONICS BAR-GRAPH: WITH-OUT ACTIVE HARMONIC FILTER

30 Active Filters Operation CURRENT HARMONICS BAR-GRAPH: WITH-OUT ACTIVE HARMONIC FILTER

31 Active Filters Operation CURRENT HARMONICS BAR-GRAPH: WITH ACTIVE HARMONIC FILTER

32 PQ Areas Emicon Work In On-site electrical measurements Software simulation studies Fault investigation & trouble shooting of power quality issues Design & recommendation of LV harmonic filters Passive & Active Design & recommendation of MV capacitor banks and harmonic filters Infra-red thermography of electrical equipment

33 On-Site Measurements Voltage, Current, Frequency & Power Parameters Voltage & Current Harmonics Transients Voltage & Current Motor Starting Characteristics Power Quality Monitoring as per EN Dips, swells, interruptions and True RMS Measurements Note: On-Site services / measurements provided through our authorized local service providers throughout the Middle East.

34 Software Simulation Studies Load flow Studies Short Circuit Analysis Protection Co-ordination Harmonics Injection Studies Harmonic Impedance Studies Motor Starting & Transient Analysis

35 Fault Investigation Nuisance tripping Pre-mature failure of equipment Over heating of components Data acquisition at site & analysis of captured data Result Analysis as per International standards IEEE , EN 50160, IEC 61642, IEC 60070

36 Infra-Red Thermography NDT method Verify adequacy of rating current carrying components Identify loose connections Identify hot spots in equipment Preventive maintenance

37 Emicon Resources Fluke 430 series : 3-phase Power Quality Analyzer with Flukeview and Powerlog softwares Circutor C-80 : Power Analyzer with leakage current clamp Fluke Ti25 : Thermal imaging camera with Smartview software ETAP : Power System Analysis Software Fully Qualified and trained engineers with experience of attending to 50+ projects spread across Middle East.

38 Our Customers Trademark Notice: The company or product names, logos, service marks, trade names, and brands mentioned in this presentation are property of their respective owners.

39 Contact Us Emicon Engineering Consultants L.L.C. Registered Office: P.O. Box: Sharjah Media City United Arab Emirates P.O. Box Dubai United Arab Emirates Tel: Mob: / / Admin@emiconconsultants.net Website: Ref: PQ/11/R05 Dt 30 th Dec 2017