Technical Assignment # 1 Existing Conditions Report. Executive Summary

Transcription

1 Ben Ardary Lighting/Electrical Richard G. Mistrick, Ph.D., P.E., FIES DuBois Regional Medical Center DuBois, PA 10/6/2005 Technical Assignment # 1 Existing Conditions Report Executive Summary The DuBois Regional Medical Center (DRMC) offers a vast variety of lighting schemes and arrangements that a designer can play with. DRMC s feeds a 208/120 voltage systems to just about all of their luminaries, except for some exterior lighting. The DRMC has also taken advantage of some modern technology with photoelectric sensors that automatically dim and turn lights on and off to save energy and therefore money. In Technical Assignment #1 I took the four spaces, which I decided to concentrate my lighting design work on, and investigated there existing conditions. I chose to use a three story high lobby with extruding balconies form above floors, a conference room, the exterior canopy and the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). During this investigation I found many good design qualities in the existing conditions, but I also found some room for improvements. I soon noticed that a majority of task planes in my concentrated areas were over illuminated way past the recommended values from the IESNA 9 th edition handbook. I also thought that some areas had room for improvements in what I thought was an important design criteria.

2 Canopy Layout: Existing Condition for Canopy

3 Surface Properties: Type Material Reflectance Limestone Façade Limestone 70% Brick Walls Red Brick 18% Ceiling ACT 85% Ground Concrete Finish 35% Ground Asphalt 25% Glazing Reflective & Low-Emissivity 75% Insulating Glass Glazing Skylight Dome 8% Roof Skylight Roof 80% Glazing Details: The front entrance of the DuBois Regional Medical Center addition has a basically a perimeter glass wall system. There are two types of glazing in this are. The top 1/3 of the glazing on the walls is a Reflective Insulating Glass and has a reflectance of The bottom 2/3 part of the glazing consist of a Reflective Low-Emmisivity Insulating Glass with a reflectance of I averaged these two glazing together to get a effective reflectance of Contorl System: This space utilized a photo cell to switch all lights either on or off throughout the day. Luminaire Schedule: Symbol Luminaire Description Lamp Ballast CP Recessed 6 downlight with tempered glass lens 70W Metal Halide Advance 71A5237BP 70W Ballast CPE Same as CP but has a quartz restrike 50W Metal Halide CT Recessed 12 downlight with clear prismatic acrylic prismatic refractor with smooth dome. QL Inductive Lighting System HF Generator See Appendix For Catalogue Numbers

4 Lighting Layouts

5 Canopy Design Criteria Task Descriptions: Drive through drop off and pick up location. Entrance to hospital lobby. Illuminacne Levels: Horizontal Illuminance Level on Ground. Recommended value form IESNA 9 th addition is Category B Category B = 5 fc Adjustments Age>55 +1 Important 0 <30% -1 0 No adjustments necessary Suggested Value = 10 fc Use 10 fc to decrease the difference in light levels from outside to inside. Vertical Illuminance on Columns and Walls. Recommended value form IESNA 9 th edition is Category B Category B = 5 fc No adjustments necessary Important Design Considerations: It is important that this space look welcoming and well illuminated so that the person entering the building feels safe and comforted. Light columns and front entrance façade so people are well aware of there surroundings. Avoid direct glare from luminaries by using lenses and small aperture down lights. Also avoid reflected glare by using down lights with a narrow distribution and surfaces with a matte composition. Provide even light distributions under canopy to eliminate confusion that elder visitors my encounter. Illuminate perimeter to keep motorists and pedestrians aware of hazards in there peripheral vision. Avoid using luminiares that provide significant light onto areas outside of canopy, like windows, that could attract people away from the entrance. Provide guidance by giving entrance doors and signage areas higher levels of light than the surrounding areas. Use lighting system that can withstand cold weather conditions.

6 Use photocells to control the lighting system. System should be a on/off system controlled by the dedicated photocell. Use luminaries with CRI s of 70 or above to provide healthy looking skin tones. Use lamp with a CCT around 3500 to bring out the red in the brick façade as well as the color appearance of the limestone. Also this will give the entrance a warm inviting feeling at night. Control System: Use photocells to control the lighting system. System should be an on/off system controlled by the dedicated photocells. There should also be a manual on/off switch in case of photocell failure. Light Loss Factors Type CP fixtures (Low Canopy 1) Area = 552 ft^2 Perimeter = 112 Ballast Factor = 1.0 Assumed HID fixtures to incorporate ballast factors into rated lumens. LDD =.77 Maintenance Category V Dirty Atmosphere 12 month cleaning cycle RSDD =.93 22% expected dirt depreciation RCR for pavement entrance (workplane = 0 ) RCR = (2.5 x 13.1 x (112 ))/(552 ft^2) = 6.6 Direct Fixture LLD = 4680/5800 =.81 Total LLF = 1.0 x.77 x.93 x.81 =.58

7 Type CP fixtures (Low Canopy 2) Area = 1072 ft^2 Perimeter = 186 Ballast Factor = 1.0 Assumed HID fixtures to incorporate ballast factors into rated lumens LDD =.77 Maintenance Category V Dirty Atmosphere 12 month cleaning cycle RSDD =.93 22% expected dirt depreciation RCR for pavement entrance (workplane = 0 ) RCR = (2.5 x 13.1 x (186 ))/(1072 ft^2) = 5.7 Direct Fixture LLD = 4680/5800 =.81 Total LLF = 1.0 x.77 x.93 x.81 =.58 Type CP fixtures (High Canopy) Area = 3600 ft^2 Perimeter = 250 Ballast Factor = 1.0 Assumed HID fixtures to incorporate ballast factors into rated lumens. LDD =.77 Maintenance Category V Dirty Atmosphere 12 month cleaning cycle RSDD =.94 22% expected dirt depreciation RCR for pavement entrance (workplane = 0 ) RCR = (2.5 x 19.1 x (250 ))/ (3600 ft^2) = 3.3 Direct Fixture LLD = 4680/5800 =.81 Total LLF = 1.0 x.77 x.94 x.81 =.59

8 Type CPE fixtures (Low Canopy 1) Area = 1072 ft^2 Perimeter = 186 Ballast Factor = 1.0 Assumed HID fixtures to incorporate ballast factors into rated lumens LDD =.77 Maintenance Category V Dirty Atmosphere 12 month cleaning cycle RSDD =.93 22% expected dirt depreciation RCR for pavement entrance (work plane = 0 ) RCR = (2.5 x 13.1 x (186 ))/ (1072 ft^2) = 5.7 Direct Fixture LLD = 600/725 =.83 Total LLF = 1.0 x.77 x.93 x.83 =.59 Type CPE fixtures (Low Canopy 2) Area = 1072 ft^2 Perimeter = 186 Ballast Factor = 1.0 Assumed HID fixtures to incorporate ballast factors into rated lumens LDD =.77 Maintenance Category V Dirty Atmosphere 12 month cleaning cycle RSDD =.93 22% expected dirt depreciation RCR for pavement entrance (workplane = 0 ) RCR = (2.5 x 13.1 x (186 ))/(1072 ft^2) = 5.7 Direct Fixture LLD = 600/725 =.83 Total LLF = 1.0 x.77 x.93 x.83 =.59

9 Type CPE fixtures (High Canopy) Area = 3600 ft^2 Perimeter = 250 Ballast Factor = 1.0 Assumed HID fixtures to incorporate ballast factors into rated lumens. LDD =.77 Maintenance Category V Dirty Atmosphere 12 month cleaning cycle RSDD =.94 22% expected dirt depreciation RCR for pavement entrance (workplane = 0 ) RCR = (2.5 x 19.1 x (250 ))/ (3600 ft^2) = 3.3 Direct Fixture LLD = 600/725=.83 Total LLF = 1.0 x.77 x.94 x.83 =.60 Type CT fixtures (surface mounted inside 3 front towers) *Assumed that fixture is in High Canopy Cavity Area = 3600 ft^2 Perimeter = 250 Ballast Factor = 1 *assumed for Inductive Lighting System LDD =.77 Maintenance Category V Dirty Atmosphere 12 month cleaning cycle RSDD =.94 22% expected dirt depreciation RCR for pavement entrance (workplane = 0 ) RCR = (2.5 x 19.1 x (250 ))/ (3600 ft^2) = 3.3 Direct Fixture LLD = 9600/12000 =.80 Total LLF = 1 x.77 x.94 x.80 =.58

10 Power Density Calculations: 43 CP Fixtures Wattage = 85W P = 43 x 85W = 3655 W 3 CT Fixtures Wattage = 165W P = 3 x 165W = 495 W 7 CPE Fixtures Wattage = 85W P = 7 x 85W = 595 W Total VA = = 4745 W Power Density = 4745W/(3600ft^2+1072ft^2+552ft^2) = 0.91 W/ft^2 Power Density meets ASHRAE Standard 90.1 for Lighting Power Densities using the Space-by-Space Method.

11 Analysis of Existing System Conditions I believe that the architect purchased a good overall system for this application. The architect decided to go with Metal Halide Lamps which are great for outdoor environments. Also the bulbs that were used had a CRI greater than 90, which goes well with this area because of the interaction between people within the space. This system utilized photoelectric cells to turn lighting systems on and off which was also a good idea to save energy and maintain safety. (Preliminary renderings performed in AGI 32 by Ben Ardary) Computer Calculated Illuminance Values: All values computed in AGI32 Illuminance Value on Ground under High Canopy By looking at the plot of the High Canopy on the left you can see that there is a relatively uniform illuminance gradient across the floor with a few low spots toward the center which is a must for hospital entrances.

12 Illuminance Value on Ground under Low Canopy 1 The illuminance distribution under Low Canopy 1 has some low spots between luminaries that could be resolved by either using a downlight with a wider beam angle that wont produce direct glare, or by decreasing the spacing between luminaries under this particular canopy. Illuminance Value on Ground under Low Canopy 2 The illuminance distribution under Low Canopy 2 is similar to Low Canopy 1 in the distribution is uneven excspecially around columns. One solution would be using the suggestions from Low Canopy 1 and another could be to place sconces on the columns that produce up and down light.

13 Lobby Space Layout Existing Conditions for Lobby

14 Surface Properties: Type Material Reflectance Wall Gypsum White Mist Paint 78% Column Gypsum Ermine Paint (whitish) 64% Floor Ceramic Floor Tile (clay color) 30% Ceiling White ACT 85% Glazing on Interior Monolithic Clear Float Glass 8% Glazing to Exterior Reflective & Low-Emissivity 75% Insulating Glass Doors Wood 45% Brick Walls Red Brick 18% Open Space 30% Glazing Details: There are two types of glazing in this area. The glazing on the entrance wall is made up of Reflective and Low-Emissivity Insulating Glass. The glazing that is used as interior glass is Monolithic Clear Float Glass. Furniture and Objects: The atrium area has minimal furniture throughout it. The planned furniture arrangement includes park benches located near the columns and some furniture near the receptionist s area. The hospital also plans to provide a piano it the lobby to provide a welcome atmosphere. Lighting Control System: The lighting system in the lobby is mainly controlled by a dimmer ballast that is controlled by a light level sensors in the interior photo cell #1.

15 Lighting Layouts Under Second Floor Balcony This is area has a height of 9 10 and is located at the back of the lobby. As you can see from the ceiling plan, the architect has chosen to use a significant amount of wall washers to highlight signage and packs along the back wall. Symbol Luminaire Description Lamp Ballast D 7 ¼ Conoid Aperture Wall Washer PTL32W 835/4P/Alto Advance Smartmate Electronic Ballast DA 8 3/8 Conoid Aperture Downlight with Cross Baffles PLT42W 835/4P/Alto Advance Smartmate Electronic Ballast TB 2 x 4 Recessed Indirect F32T*TL835/Alto Advance Mark III Magnetic Ballast See Appendix for Catalogue Numbers

16 Recessed Fixtures in Second Floor Ceiling This part of the second floor ceiling protrudes out past the first floor ceiling. All fixtures are Type PC Ceiling height = 21 7 Symbol Luminaire Description Lamp Ballast PC Recessed 10 Aperture Downlight Three PL-T 42w/835 Advance Smartmate Electronic Ballast See Appendix for Cutsheets

17 General Lobby Area Type T sconces are mounted at 8 6 on brick columns. Type BB fixtures are suspended 4 from the /4 high ceiling as shown below. Symbol Luminaire Description Lamp Ballast BB 1 x 4 sections of indirect lighting with a slotted bottom enclosure. Four T5 Ho Linear Flourescents Hi-Lume Electronic Dimming Ballast T 16 x 12 x 4 Glass Lens Wall Sconce PLC26W/835/4P/ALTO Advance Smartmate Electronic Ballast See Appendix For Catalogue Numbers

18 Lobby Design Criteria Tasks Egress Reading at benches (magazines, newspapers, ext.) Reading signage on walls Communicating with receptionist Meeting with people Illuminance Levels: Horizontal Illuminance Level on Floor Recommended value form IESNA 9 th edition is Category B Category B = 5 fc Adjustments Age>55 +1 Important 0 30% 70% -1 0 No adjustments necessary Suggested Value = 10 fc I suggested this value because the space is located in a healthcare facility and the majority of occupants moving throughout the space are elder and may have trouble seeing under low illumiance values. Horizontal Illuminance on Receptionists Desktop Recommended value from IESNA 9 th edition is Category D Category D = 30 fc No adjustments necessary Suggested Value = 50 fc Again I suggested this value because of the age and condition of the majority of people circulating throughout it. Horizontal Illuminance Level on Benches Recommended value from IESNA 9 th edition for Reading of magazines is Category E Category E = 50 fc No adjustments necessary Vertical Illuminance Level on Signage Recommended value from IESNA 9 th edition is Category E Category E = 50fc No adjustments necessary

19 Vertical Illuminance Level on Walls Recommended value from IESNA 9 th edition is Category A Category A = 3 fc No adjustments necessary Design Considerations: One of the most critical design considerations in a space such as a hospital lobby is the light distribution across the floor. This is because the senior pedestrians in this space have low adaptation rates for varying light levels. Therefore we should strive to achieve relatively uniform flooring. One factor that can reduce this effect is the use of day lighting integration and control. Use photoelectric controls along with blinds and shades to control the space and help neutralize the contrast from the outside daylight to the inside lighting environment. Use day lighting control to eliminate unwanted direct glare from windows and doors. Avoid high luminance surfaces that create direct glare and lower task visibility in the space. Another problem which lowers task visibility in the space is reflected glare. Reflected glare in this space should be eliminated by avoiding glossy surfaces along with points of high luminance when compared to its surroundings. Use slight variations in light levels and color patterns to convey directionality within the lobby. Light the elevators, receptionist, signage and egress paths with higher illuminance values than the surroundings. Another effect that could enhance the movement patters in this space would be to light the boundaries and columns of the area. When these surfaces can clearly be established the room becomes more comforting to the occupant. Use lamps with CRI s of 80 and above in the lobby to achieve good facial modeling. Use direct and interreflected light throughout the space to decrease sharp shadows and high contrast on faces. Use lamps with CCT s around 3500 in wall sconces and under the second floor balcony to give the brick a vibrant red color and to give healthy looking skin tones. Use lamps with CCT s around 4000 in other areas to give the different shades of white paint a vibrant cool look. Control System: Use photoelectric sensors to dim the different lighting systems throughout the space to desired levels. Use a tamper free switching system that lets the owner manually turn the different lighting system on and off.

20 Light Loss Factors: Type D fixtures (recessed in first floor ceiling) Space Parameters: Height = 9.83 Area = 1760 ft^2 Perimeter = 310 Ballast Factor:.98 LDD =.94 Maintenance Category IV Very Clean Atmosphere 12 month cleaning cycle RSDD =.98 8% expected dirt depreciation RCR for floor height RCR = (2.5 x x 310))/(1760ft^2) = 4.33 Direct Fixture LLD = 2040/2400 =.85 Total LLF =.98 x.94 x.98 x.85 =.77 Type DA fixtures (recessed in first floor ceiling) Space Parameters: Height = 9.83 Area = 1760 ft^2 Perimeter = 310 Ballast Factor:.98 LDD =.94 Maintenance Category IV Very Clean Atmosphere 12 month cleaning cycle RSDD =.98 8% expected dirt depreciation RCR for floor height RCR = (2.5 x x 310 ))/(1760ft^2) = 4.33 Direct Fixture

21 LLD = 2720/3200 =.85 Total LLF =.98 x.94 x.98 x.85 =.77 Type TB fixtures (recessed in first floor ceiling): Space Parameters: Height = 9.83 Area = 1760 ft^2 Perimeter = 310 Ballast Factor:.94 LDD =.94 Maintenance Category IV Very Clean Atmosphere 12 month cleaning cycle RSDD =.98 8% expected dirt depreciation RCR for floor height RCR = (2.5 x x 310 ))/(1760ft^2) = 4.33 Direct Fixture LLD = 2800/2950 =.95 Total LLF =.94 x.94 x.98 x.95 =.82 Type T fixtures (sconces mounted on lobby columns): Space Parameters Height (of sconce off floor) = 8.8 Area = 2900 ft^2 Perimeter = 260 Ballast Factor: 1.0 LDD =.95 Maintenance Category V Very Clean Atmosphere 12 month cleaning cycle RSDD =.95 8% expected dirt depreciation RCR for floor height RCR = ((2.5 x 8.8 x 260 ))/(2900ft^2) = 2.0

22 Direct-Indirect Fixture LLD = 1550/1800 =.95 Total LLF = 1.0 x.95 x.98 x.95 =.86 Type BB fixtures (fixtures suspended 4ft from lobby ceiling) Space Parameters Height = Area = 2900 ft^2 Perimeter = 260 Ballast Factor: 1.0 LDD =.98 Maintenance Category II Very Clean Atmosphere 12 month cleaning cycle RSDD =.90 8% expected dirt depreciation RCR for floor height RCR = ((2.5 x x 260 ))/(2900ft^2) = 6.5 Indirect Fixture LLD = 4740/5000 =.95 Total LLF = 1.0 x.98 x.90 x.95 =.84 Type PC fixtures (fixtures recessed in 2 nd floor ceiling) Space Parameters: Height = Area = 603 ft^2 Perimeter = 118 Ballast Factor: 0.97 LDD =.94 Maintenance Category IV Very Clean Atmosphere 12 month cleaning cycle RSDD =.96

23 8% expected dirt depreciation RCR for floor height RCR = ((2.5 x x 118 )) / (603ft^2) = 10.6 Direct Fixture LLD = 2720/3200=.85 Total LLF =.97 x.94 x.96 x.85 =.74 Power Density Calculations: 17 D Fixtures Ballast Wattage = 36 W P = 17 x 36 W = 612 W 30 DA Fixtures Ballast Wattage = 36 W P = 30 x 36 W = 1080 W 1 TB Fixtures Ballast Wattage = 73 W P = 1 x 73 W = 73 W 16 T Fixtures Ballast Wattage = 51 W P = 16 x 51 W = 816 W 24 BB Fixtures (need two ballast per fixture) Ballast Wattage = 54W P = 2 x 24 x 54W = 2592 W 10 PC Fixtures Three lamps per fixture therefore use 15 two lamp ballasts. Ballast Wattage = 93 W P = 15 x 93 W = 1395 W Total W = = 6568 W Wattage for Sconce = 816 W Adjusted VA for regular lighting = 6568 W 816 W = 5752 W General Lighting Power Density = 5752 W/ (1760ft^ ft^ ft^2) = 1.1 W / ft^2 Decorative Lighting Power Density = 816 W/ (1760ft^ ft^ ft^2) = 0.16 W / ft^2

24 Power Density DOES comply with ASHRAE Standard 90.1 that says by using the Space-by-Space method to find your Allowable Power Density in a Hospital Lobby Area you can not exceed a power density of 1.8 W/ft^2. Analysis of Existing System Conditions: Analysis of Illumiance on General Lobby Floor The illuminance distribution throughout the general lobby floor is fairly uniform with an average near 50 fc. This value is extremely high when compared to the IESNA recommended value of 5fc. I believe that this may be slightly high due to the fact that the Sconce used in this area did not have an available.ies file therefore a similar light distribution effect was performed by using a different Sconce.

25 To the right are illuminance values for the lobby floor under each of the other two balconies. As you can see, the Two Story lighting system provided well over the recommended 5fc. The illuminance values underneath the single story balcony were high as well. These values could be decreased by spacing the luminaries further apart, or perhaps by using a luminaries/lamp system that produces less lumens. Initial renderings were performed in AGI32

26 Pseudo rendering of receptionists desk in Lobby. You can see in this image how the 2 x4 recessed luminaire provides the illuminance needed to draw your attention to the receptionists desk. Pseudo render of wall washers at the back of the lobby illuminating the signage. Pseudo rendering of three story high ceiling. The red above the luminaries gives a feel for how the indirect luminaire will leave a hot spot on the ceiling above it.

27 Existing Conditions for Conference Room Conference Room Layout: Acoustical Ceiling Tile at 8 feet Surface Properties: Type Material Reflectance Walls Slow Green paint 65% Floor Tan Carpet 30% Ceiling White ACT 85% Glazing Monolithic Clear Float Glass 8% Door Wood 45% Glazing Details: There are two widows that view out into the NICU nurses station. The glazing in each window is ¼ standard float glazing that is 2 6 wide by 4 high. There is also standard float glazing in the door that that you enter into from the NICU. This glazing is also ¼ thick and has a total area of around 8 ft^2. Furniture and Objects: Since this space has not been finished at this point, I have assumed that the furniture and objects in the space will only consist of a non-glossy wood conference table with typical cloth chairs.

28 Lighting Layout: Type A fixtures are tandem wired so that outer inner bulbs can be switch separately from inner bulbs. Also bulbs are operated by dimming ballasts which add to the versatility of the space. Type K fixtures are controlled by dimming ballasts and switch located by on the left wall. Luminaire Schedule: Symbol Luminaire Description Lamp Ballast A 2 x 4 Parabolic Troffer with 3 deep louvers. F32/T8/835 Advance Mark III Magnetic Ballast K 5 7/8 medium wide beam downlight CFTR32W/835 Advance Smartmate Electronic Ballast See Appendix for Catalogue Numbers

29 CONFRENCE ROOM DESIGN CRITERIA Task Descriptions: Reading of paper (notebook, copies, textbook and magazines should be considered) Viewing of projection screen Viewing of wall mounted displays Writing (using pencil and pens) Presentation Illuminace Levels: Horizontal illuminance level on conference table. Recommended value form IESNA 9 th addition is Category D Category D = 30 fc Adjustments Age>55 +1 Important 0 30% 70% 0 1 No adjustments necessary Suggested Value = 50 fc Use 50 fc because a majority of the reading tasks that will be done in this area are recommended to have 50 fc. Vertical illuminance at wall mounted displays. Recommended value from IESNA 9 th addition is Category E Category E = 50 fc No adjustments necessary Vertical illumiance on all other walls. Recommended value form IESNA 9 th edition is Category B Category B = 5 fc No adjustments necessary Design Considerations: Provide a flexible system for formal meetings or presentations using slides or wall mounted displays. Use two systems. a. Fluorescent dimming system which can provide general lighting needs as well as low level needs for slide show presentations. b. A wall wash or perimeter system with dimming for great visual appeal of wall mounted presentations. The appearance of the luminaries should be of a professional and business matter.

30 Scatter light off walls and surfaces to create good modeling of faces and objects which will give meeting a more comfortable feel. Place blinds in windows to help control any unwanted light that might be entering through windows. Use high CRI lamps (80 or above) to render faces and presentations well. For lighting the wall mounted presentations a CRI of 90 or above should try to be reached. Limit direct and reflected glare by using diffuse surfaces and high reflectance s so that the slide show and wall boards can be viewed to the maximum appeal of audience. Wall wash luminaries shall be placed very close to walls so that most of the light hitting the displays is just grazing it, which will reduce reflections on the wall mounted displays. Use area lights over conference table to eliminate shadows projected onto the table. Ceiling and wall luminance ratios should be within 3:1 with just the general fluorescent dimming system at full light output. Use a system that will provide a flicker and buzz free environment. Control System: Should have two separate dimming switches for the wall mounted luminairs and area luminairs. Switches should be placed in the same place when you enter the conference room. Light Loss Factors: Type A fixtures Ballast Factor:.94 LDD =.94 Maintenance Category IV Very Clean Atmosphere 12 month cleaning cycle RSDD =.97 8% expected dirt depreciation RCR for 2.5 workplane height (top of conference table) 5.5 x ( ))/(15.74 x 11.5 ) = 4.1 Direct Fixture RCR = (5 x LLD = 2800/2950 =.95 Total LLF =.94 x.94 x.97 x.95 =.81

31 Type K fixtures Ballast Factor:.98 LDD =.94 8% expected dirt depreciation Maintenance Category IV Very Clean Atmosphere 12 month cleaning cycle RSDD =.97 RCR for 2.5 workplane height (top of conference table) 5.5 x ( ))/(15.74 x 11.5 ) = 4.1 Direct Fixture RCR = (5 x LLD = 2040/2400 =.85 Total LLF =.98 x.94 x.97 x.85 =.76 Power Density Calculations: 3 CP Fixtures (fixtures are tandem wired) Wattage of 2 lamp ballast = 73 W Wattage of 1 lamp ballast = 35 W P = (3 x 73W) + (3 x 35W) = 324 W 6 K Fixtures Line Current =.31A P = 6 x 36 W = 126 W Total W = = 450 W Power Density = 450W/(15.74 x 11.5 ) = 2.49 W/ft^2 Power Density DOES NOT comply with ASHRAE Standard 90.1 that says by using the Space-by-Space method to find your Allowable Power Density in a Hospital Conference Area you can not exceed a power density of 1.5 W/ft^2.

32 Analysis of Existing System Conditions Although I don t know the exact intent for this space by the engineer, but I believe that this system was overdesinged to some point. For instance by loosing all the down lights around the conference table you still obtain well over 100 fc on top of a 2.5 high workplane. I think that if the space was given two 2 lamp recessed fixtures and a wall wash system on the side walls that this lighting layout would produce a more efficient and flexible system. Analysis of Illumiance on top of Conference Table: Illuminance very high in the center of the table and steeply decreases toward ends of workplane. Illuminance would most likely create a lot of reflected glare off of surfaces in front of viewer.

33 Analysis of Illuminance on Conference Room Wall: This illuminance distribution would produce a fair impression while viewing wall mounted boards. I think though that by producing more light toward the top of the walls, the wall mounted displays would be more appealing because your attention is directed toward the bottom of the wall where the high illuminance is. Also, by lighting the tops of the walls the room will seem more spacious and comfortable.

34 Existing Conditions for Nurses Station Nurses Station Layout

35 Surface Properties: Type Material Reflectance Wall Gypsum Slow Green 65% Floor Floor Tile (Beige color) 40% Ceiling White ACT 85% Glazing on Interior Monolithic Clear Float Glass 8% Doors Wood 45% Open Space 30% Glazing Details: All glazing in this area is Monolithic Clear Float Glass. The glazing in each window is ¼ thick. There is also ¼ standard float glazing in the doors located in the NICU department Furniture and Objects: The NICU is composed of six separate bed locations which are separated by short partitions. Each bed location can technically be considered as separate area because of the unique needs of each infant. At each bed location there usually exists a bed, a headwall composed of electrical and medical gas outlets and some chairs for visitors to sit at. There are also wash stations and storage areas located throughout the space. Lastly there will be several computer stations in this area for storing and retrieving data. Below is a typical Neonatal Intensive Care Space.

36 Lighting Layout NICU Department The NICU Department contains an 8 high ceiling.

37 Symbol Luminaire Description Lamp Ballast TB Recessed 2 x 4 Indirect Luminaire F32T8TL835/Alto Advance Smartmate Electronic Ballast CD Recessed 10 Incandescent 130W A-23 bulb NA Downlight TC Low Profile Cove Lighting F54T5/835/HO Centium T5 Electronic Ballast Z42 Recessed 8 Prism Lens Downlight PLT42W835/4P/Alto Advance Smartmate Electronic Ballast UC Undercabinet Luminaire with Prismatic Diffuser F32T8TL835/ALTO See Appendix for Catalogue Numbers Advance Mark III Magnetic Ballast Nurses Station Design Criteria Tasks: Viewing of infants form family members, doctors and nurses Diagnosing infants general condition Reading infants medical charts Viewing of VDT s Infant lying in bassinet position Cleaning material at sink locations Changing infants closes Illuminance Levels: Horizontal Illuminance Level on Bed Tops (3 off floor) Recommended value form IESNA 9 th edition is Category E Category E = 50 fc No adjustments necessary Horizontal Illuminance Level on Nurses Counter (3 off floor) Recommended value from IESNA 9 th edition is Category D Category D = 30 fc No adjustments necessary Vertical Illuminance Level on Walls Recommended value from IESNA 9 th edition for Reading of magazines is Category C Category E = 30 fc No adjustments necessary

38 Design Considerations: Lighting on both horizontal and vertical work planes should not be kept at high levels too long because infants do not have the ability to employ adult protective mechanisms to avoid retinal exposure. Provide a CRI > 90 so that nurses in this area can detect actual skin coloration of infants. Use a multi level lighting system so that the amount of light reaching the infants is lower than surrounding during the nighttime to protect the infant s eyes. Any surface seen from an infant at a bassinet position should have a relatively low luminance to protect the infant s eyes. Avoid highly reflective surfaces in this area to eliminate reflected glare toward infants. The bed, cabinet tables and peripheral should be considers as three different levels of lighting. Recommended reflectance s for surfaces from IESNA 9 th addition Ceiling = 80% to 90% Walls = 40% to 60% Furniture and Equipment = 25% to 45% Floors = 20% 40% Luminances from task to adjacent surroundings should be no less than 33% of that on task. Remote darker surfaces should be no less than 25% of that on task. Remote lighter surfaces should be no more than 20% of that on task. Daylight integration is important in this type of area but does not apply to this situation. Provide some type of blinds or cover for infants bed to shield him/her from light levels during situations when a high light level is required. Use a fair amount of indirect lighting to create a relative diffuse lighting system. Use lensed downlights around infants bed to provide high luminance on infant in emergency situations. Provide a flicker free environment by using electronic ballast for fluorescent lighting. Control System: Use dimming system in all areas over and near infant beds to obtain the different lighting levels discussed above.

39 Light Loss Factors: NICU Room Parameters: Perimeter of room = 185 Floor area of room = 1650 ft^2 Type TB fixtures Ballast Factor:.94 LDD =.97 Used Maintenance Category IV Very Clean Atmosphere 6 month cleaning cycle (because of area) RSDD =.98 5% expected dirt depreciation RCR for 3 workplane height (top of counter tops and beds) RCR = (2.5 x 5 x (185 ))/(1650ft^2) = 1.4 Direct Fixture LLD = 2800/2950 =.95 Total LLF =.94 x.97 x.98 x.95 =.85 Type CD fixtures LDD =.97 Maintenance Category V Very Clean Atmosphere 6 month cleaning cycle (because of area) RSDD =.98 5% expected dirt depreciation RCR for 3 workplane height (top of counter tops and beds) RCR = (2.5 x 5 x (185 ))/(1650ft^2) = 1.4 Direct Fixture LLD = 2865/3800 = V luminaire operated at 120V Total LLF =.97 x.98 x.75 =.71

40 Type TC fixtures Ballast Factor = 1.0 LDD =.97 Maintenance Category V Very Clean Atmosphere 6 month cleaning cycle (because of area) RSDD =.98 5% expected dirt depreciation RCR for 3 workplane height (top of counter tops and beds) RCR = (2.5 x 5 x (185 ))/(1650ft^2) = 1.4 Direct Fixture LLD = 4740/5000 =.95 Total LLF = 1.0 x.97 x.98 x.95 =.90 Type Z42 fixtures Ballast Factor =.97 LDD =.97 Maintenance Category V Very Clean Atmosphere 6 month cleaning cycle (because of area) RSDD =.98 5% expected dirt depreciation RCR for 3 workplane height (top of counter tops and beds) RCR = (2.5 x 5 x (185 ))/(1650ft^2) = 1.4 Direct Fixture LLD = 2720/3200 =.85 Total LLF =.97 x.97 x.98 x.85 =.78

41 Type UC fixtures Ballast Factor =.94 LDD =.97 Maintenance Category V Very Clean Atmosphere 6 month cleaning cycle (because of area) RSDD =.98 5% expected dirt depreciation RCR for 3 workplane height (top of counter tops and beds) *Assumed same RCR for this fixture even though its mounted underneath cabinets. RCR = (2.5 x 5 x (185 ))/(1650ft^2) = 1.4 Direct Fixture LLD = 2800/2950 =.95 Total LLF =.94 x.97 x.98 x.95 =.85 Power Density Calculations: 14 TB Fixtures Wattage of 2 lamp ballast = 73 W P = (14 x 73W) = 1022 W 6 CD Fixtures Wattage of ballast = 177W P = 6 x 177 W = 1062 W Total W = = 2084 W Power Density = 2084W/(1650ft^2) = 1.26 W/ft^2 Power Density DOES comply with ASHRAE Standard 90.1 that says by using the Space-by-Space method to find your Allowable Power Density in a Hospital Nurses Station Area you can not exceed a power density of 1.8 W/ft^2.

42 Analysis of Existing System Condition: Illuminance on Nurses Counter: The recessed downlights provided at the nurses station provide an overabundance of light. Lower luminance levels need to be brought down to 30fc. Illuminance on Infants Bed: I only used the incandescent downlighting during this run of calculations to see what the affected was. The results were fairly pleasing and provided an average illuminance of 23 fc on the infants bed.

43 Appendix EQUIPMENT CATALOG INFORMATION FIXTURE TYPE A J K T MOUNTING RECESSED RECESSED RECESSED SURFACE WALL FIXTURE CATALOG NUMBER LITHONIA 2PM3 G B LD 120 GEB PAF 2R KURT VERSEN p921-1/32trt-sc-r2-trim GASKET KURT VERSEN p921-1/32trt-sc-r2-trim GASKET- DIM ADVENT AS3065-2CF261-4S-WH/WH-TL-BL-120 (GLASS LENSE) LAMP ORDERING CODE PHILLIPS F32T8/TL835/ALTO PHILLIPS PLT32W/835/4P/ALTO PHILLIPS PLT32W/835/4P/ALTO PHILLIPS PL- C26W/835/4P/ALTO BALLAST CATALOG NUMBER ADVANCE TRANSFORMER R-2P32-TP AND R-1P32- TP ADVANCE TRANSFORMER ICF-2S26-H1-LD@120 ADVANCE TRANSFORMER ICF-2S26-H1-LD@120 ADVANCE TRANSFORMER RCF-2S26-H1-LD-QS Z42 UC-4 D DA RECESSED SURFACE UNDER CABINET RECESSED RECESSED KURT VERSEN Z42TRT-DM-LENS-WH SPLAY- GASKET-R2 ALKCO SF ECB-RSW KURT VERSEN P903-32TRT-SC-R2-DM-120 KURT VERSEN P662CB-42TRT-SC-R2-2 BALLASTS- GASKET PHILLIPIS PLT42W/835/4P/ALTO PHILLIPS F32T8/TL835/ALTO PHILLIPS PLT32W/835/4P/ALTO PHILLIPIS PLT42W/835/4P/ALTO ADVANCE TRANSFORMER ICF-2S42-MS-BS@120 ADVANCE TRANSFORMER R-2P32-TP AND R-1P32- TP ADVANCE TRANSFORMER ICF-2S26-H1-LD@120 ADVANCE TRANSFORMER ICF-2S42-MS-BS@120 BB PEDANT AIRCRAFT CABLE 4'-0" DOWN FROM TOP OF CLG. LINEAR LIGHITNG CORP. C312P2-B-4T5HO-120-PRD-ECXX-BW- DC-ED-16' PHILLIPS F54T5/835/HO LUTRON HI-LUME FDB-T /2 CD RECESSED KURT VERSEN F5672-R2-120-BLK PAINTED SPLAY TRIM-GSK PHILLIPS 200A (130 VOLT) N/A PB CT CPE TB RECESSED SURFACE IN TOWER RECESSED RECESSED LITHONIA LGF 2/32TRT 12SB T GSKT USA ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING PSL12-VAD-165QL-208-CSM-WTM DESIGNPLAN ZHL-9-B T FOCAL POINT FLU-24-B-2-T8-D-120-G-PS-WH PHILLIPS PLT32W/835/4P/ALTO USA ARCH. LIGHTING QL165W/840 PHILLIPS 50Q/CL/DC120V PHILLIPS F32T8/TL835/ALTO ADVANCE TRANSFORMER ICF-2S26-H1-LD@120 USA ARCH. LIGHTING HF GENERATOR ADVANCE TRANSFORMER 71A5237BP ADVANCE TRANSFORMER R-2P32-TP AND R-1P32- TP

44 TC SURFACE WALL + 6'-6" TO TOP OF FIXTURE ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTIN SYSTEMS INC. CL13-XX-X-1-D-V PHILLIPS F54T5/835/HO ADVANCE TRANSFORMER ICN- 2S54-90C@120 CP PC RECESSED RECESSED DESIGNPLAN ZHL-9-B T WILA SA-(1) EB/(1)DM PHILLIPS MHC70/C/U/M/4K PHILLIPIS PLT42W/835/4P/ALTO ADVANCE TRANSFORMER 71A5237BP ADVANCE TRANSFORMER ICF-2S42-MS-BS@120