Making a Panoramic Digital Image of the Entire Northern Sky
|
|
- Hillary Jenkins
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Making a Panoramic Digital Image of the Entire Northern Sky Anne M. Rajala anne2006@caltech.edu, x1221, MSC #775 Mentors: Ashish Mahabal and S.G. Djorgovski October 3, 2003 Abstract The Digitized Palomar Observatory Sky Survey consists of approximately 2700 images in three filters that comprise the entire northern sky. Overlaps allow one to match the images and mosaic them together to form one smooth image for the northern hemisphere, providing a wealth of scientific and educational opportunities requiring larger areas of sky. However, the images are not uniform; certain gradients exist as a result of observational conditions and imperfections in the photographic plates used. Simply lining up the stars in the overlaps to put the images together will not produce a smooth result. The edges will be visible and the effect will be of many tiles rather than a single homogeneous image. Thus, the backgrounds must be properly fit and removed. A surface can be fit to each image and divided out to flatten the background. Since each image has a different combination of gradients affecting it, the correct type of surface must be determined first, checked, and applied. Automated scripts will then flatten all the images, allowing the creation of a uniform mosaicked panorama. 1 Introduction The Digitized Palomar Observatory Sky Survey 1 plays host to approximately 2700 digital images comprising the northern hemisphere. Each 1GB image is a 6.5 x 6.5 section of the sky, taken in one of three visible wavelengths at one arcsecond resolution. Because each plate shares a 1.5 overlap with its neighboring plates, it is possible to match them up and mosaic them together to form one smooth panoramic image of the northern hemisphere. This would enable larger sections of the sky to be examined at once, providing a wealth of scientific and educational opportunities. Currently available images in the public domain are usually only one-half to one degree in size. Vignetting is an aberration produced when taking an image of a square field from a round eyepiece. This and other standard effects have been corrected 2 but more corrections need to take place. If the images are not all uniform, then placing them next to each other will not produce one smooth image - the edges will be visible and the effect will be that of many small images rather than a single large image. 1
2 2 Background Subtraction Certain gradients appear in the background of each image. Some result from imperfections in the photographic plates themselves, others from the amount of moonlight on the nights of the original imaging. Since these conditions vary from night to night and thus from plate to plate, this background must be modeled and removed from each image in order to be able to smoothly transition from one plate to another. Creating, fine-tuning, and carrying out this subtraction process is the primary aim of this project. The Image Reduction and Analysis Facility (IRAF) software 3 provides some tasks that can be utilized sequentially to carry out such processes. Once these have been tested and finalized and all the parameters ascertained, it is necessary to write a script that will analyze an original plate and process it completely in an automated fashion, such that 2700 plates need not be done manually. For a program or a script to complete the processing of a plate, several things have to happen. It needs to look at the plate and determine what order and what type of polynomial is best fit to the surface in both the x- and y-directions (clipping the edges affected by vignetting). It should then take that information and fit such a surface to the image, which then needs to be factored out from the original image. 3 Experimental Phase The way to fit a polynomial to a surface is to try a large number of them and then run tests on them all to see which is best. In principle, a script should be able to do this but it has not yet been written. First, statistical criteria must be ascertained to determine which fit is best. The images were averaged down into one single line and one single column and polynomials were fit and removed from the x- and y-directions respectively. Linear spline, cubic spline, legendre and chebyshev polynomials were tested, each with orders from one to five. Each plate then had 20 fitted polynomials for each direction. Statistics were generated from these images to try to match characteristics of the images to statistical traits. The residual image (the difference between the original image and the polynomial fitted surface) with the best fit will have pixel values closest to zero at all points. The mean and median pixel values should show some indication of this, but finding the ones closest to zero aren t always the right fits. Bright objects such as stars or galaxies in the plate offset the mean pixel value more significantly than the median, so the median is more important to look at. However, if a residual plate has a large bright spot and a large dark spot in different corners, it will not affect the median pixel value enough to flag the fit as a poor one. Therefore, it is also important to have a small local standard deviation in the fitted surface. Formulating the specific statistical criteria for a good fit has not been completed and may not be trivial due to individual imperfections in each original photographic plate and the extremely large scale of these images. Note that these plots show the mean and median pixel values are often negative numbers. This is due to a constant being oversubtracted from the images. 2
3 Figure 1: Plot of mean pixel values versus median pixel values for the residuals of the different polynomial fits for the x-direction of f721. The size of the symbol indicates the order of the polynomial and the symbol indicates the type of polynomial used (asterisk for legendre, circle for chebyshev, x for linear spline, and triangle for cubic spline). The numbers next to the symbols are the standard deviations. Figure 2: Plot of mean pixel values versus median pixel values for the residuals of the different polynomial fits for the y-direction of f721. The size of the symbol indicates the order of the polynomial and the symbol indicates the type of polynomial used (asterisk for legendre, circle for chebyshev, x for linear spline, and triangle for cubic spline). The numbers next to the symbols are the standard deviations. From the plots in figures one and two, equations were chosen to process f721 in two ways: the first with equations that have the mean and median closest to zero (fifth order legendre in the x-direction and fourth order legendre in the y-direction), and the second with equations that have the mean and median farthest from zero (third order legendre in both x- and y-directions). The plates processed in this way showed that the first resultant plate (with the statistics that should 3
4 indicate a better fit) was flatter than the second. However, it is not a very significant difference and it is possible that other options with statistics at a comparable distance from the origin to the first plate might be better. Besides looking at the numerical statistics, the flatness was also visually confirmed in this phase. These polynomials were fit with the parameter of rejecting the top 1% of the brightest pixels. This way, the fit ignores the stars or other bright objects that might be in the plate, and only fits the surface to the background. This causes greater accuracy and results in a flatter plate. Ignoring the top 5% or 10% does not improve the fit further. There are methods to create masks to meticulously remove all bright objects before fitting surfaces, but that was not attempted during this project. The following are plots of pixel values of five rows averaged together across one horizontal section of the image. Note that the processed image (Fig. 4) has more consistent background pixel values across the entire image than the original plot (Fig. 3). Figure 3: Plot of pixel values across a cross-section of unprocessed image. The slopes on both edges are indicative of a lack of flatness in the image s background. The standard deviation of these pixels is 260.3, with a median of The discrepancy is clearly significant because it rises more than two sigmas on each side. This process has been run on nine plates (721-3, 793-5, in the f filter that form an approximately 250 degree mosaic). However, in principle a script can work the same way for each of the other plates and may be run in batch mode to complete the set. 4
5 Figure 4: Plot of pixel values across a cross-section of a processed image. Note that the graph stays constant across the image. The standard deviation of these pixels is (with a median of ), considerably lower than the unprocessed image. 4 Mosaicking the Images To mosaic the images, each pixel must be mapped to its coordinates in the sky, and then mapped to a pixel value in the panoramic image. This was done as part of the yoursky project 4 already. For this project, however, algorithms need to also be implemented to create a smooth transition between the plates. If a plate s pixels are being mapped on to the final canvas in a place that overlaps with a previously mapped plate, it should not simply overwrite the existing pixels. Methods will need to be established to determine which pixel is of better quality and to place the preferable one in the final image, or perhaps to average the overlapping pixels. The set of nine plates was run through this code to be mosaicked into a 3x3 block. For comparison, the original unprocessed plates were used as well. 5 Future Possibilities Gal 5 have developed an algorithm in the catalog domain to determine the background slopes in four overlap regions with the adjacent plates. Slopes created from paths going through several plates are weighted according to the length of path. These slopes are then calculated and applied to the 5
6 Figure 5: Nine original plates (f721-3, f793-5, f865-7) tiled together. Note how the edges are clearly visible, indicating that the backgrounds are not flat. The standard deviation of these pixels is 2352, with a median of Figure 6: Original nine plates tiled together with a background matching scheme which has a constant additive offset added the images. The standard deviation of these pixels is 216.8, with a median of The smaller standard deviation indicates that the background matching option is helpful to the flatness of the plates. However, it does not lower the standard deviation as much as the pre-processing of the plates does, and does not remove the entire background. 6
7 Figure 7: Same nine plates flattened with 1% pixel rejection and tiled together. The white and black spots result from errors in the polynomial fitting tasks, and occur most often on the right and top edges of a plate. A more tailored mosaicking code would remove more pixels from those edges and less from the left and bottom edges of plates to get a smoother image. The standard devation of these pixels is (with a median of ), much lower than the unprocessed images mosaic. Figure 8: Same nine plates flattened with the same 1% pixel rejection and tiled together with the background matching scheme. The standard deviation of these pixels is (with a median of 120.1), which is comparable to the processed images without background matching (Fig. 6). plate to yield a smooth transition at the edges. Applying this algorithm to the image domain is more challenging but may be useful in creating a smooth panorama. Currently, Montage 6, another code, is being developed that will have the capability to mosaic 7
8 together images, which could be a good tool to use after the images have been flattened. At the moment it is using 2MASS images, which are significantly smaller than the DPOSS images. References [1] george/dposs/dposs.html [2] Mahabal, A., et al. Serving the Sky, Virtual Observatories of the Future, R.J. Brunner, S.G. Djorgovski, and A.S. Szalay, eds., Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, Vol. 225, pp , [3] [4] Jacob, J.C., et al. yoursky: Rapid Desktop Access to Custom Astronomical Image Mosaics, Virtual Observatories, A.S. Szalay, ed., Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 4846, pp , [5] Gal, R. R., PhD Thesis. The Northern Sky Optical Cluster Survay: Galaxy Clusters From 5000 Square Degrees of DPOSS, [6] 6 Acknowledgements Many special thanks to Ashish Mahabal and S. George Djorgovski, who provided countless hours of assistance in putting together and guiding this project. Thanks also to Joe Jacob of the Jet Propulsion Lab who helped mosaic the images. 8
WFC3 TV3 Testing: IR Channel Nonlinearity Correction
Instrument Science Report WFC3 2008-39 WFC3 TV3 Testing: IR Channel Nonlinearity Correction B. Hilbert 2 June 2009 ABSTRACT Using data taken during WFC3's Thermal Vacuum 3 (TV3) testing campaign, we have
More informationThe 0.84 m Telescope OAN/SPM - BC, Mexico
The 0.84 m Telescope OAN/SPM - BC, Mexico Readout error CCD zero-level (bias) ramping CCD bias frame banding Shutter failure Significant dark current Image malting Focus frame taken during twilight IR
More informationFLATS: SBC INTERNAL LAMP P-FLAT
Instrument Science Report ACS 2005-04 FLATS: SBC INTERNAL LAMP P-FLAT R. C. Bohlin & J. Mack May 2005 ABSTRACT The internal deuterium lamp was used to illuminate the SBC detector through the F125LP filter
More informationINTRODUCTION TO CCD IMAGING
ASTR 1030 Astronomy Lab 85 Intro to CCD Imaging INTRODUCTION TO CCD IMAGING SYNOPSIS: In this lab we will learn about some of the advantages of CCD cameras for use in astronomy and how to process an image.
More informationIllumination Correction tutorial
Illumination Correction tutorial I. Introduction The Correct Illumination Calculate and Correct Illumination Apply modules are intended to compensate for the non uniformities in illumination often present
More informationThis release contains deep Y-band images of the UDS field and the extracted source catalogue.
ESO Phase 3 Data Release Description Data Collection HUGS_UDS_Y Release Number 1 Data Provider Adriano Fontana Date 22.09.2014 Abstract HUGS (an acronym for Hawk-I UDS and GOODS Survey) is a ultra deep
More informationOptical Photometry. The crash course Tomas Dahlen
The crash course Tomas Dahlen Aim: Measure the luminosity of your objects in broad band optical filters Optical: Wave lengths about 3500Å 9000Å Typical broad band filters: U,B,V,R,I Software: IRAF & SExtractor
More informationCCD reductions techniques
CCD reductions techniques Origin of noise Noise: whatever phenomena that increase the uncertainty or error of a signal Origin of noises: 1. Poisson fluctuation in counting photons (shot noise) 2. Pixel-pixel
More informationCCD Characteristics Lab
CCD Characteristics Lab Observational Astronomy 6/6/07 1 Introduction In this laboratory exercise, you will be using the Hirsch Observatory s CCD camera, a Santa Barbara Instruments Group (SBIG) ST-8E.
More informationBasic data reduction steps - a skeleton tutorial for HLCO (See also A Userʼs Guide to CCD Reductions with IRAF on class website)
Basic data reduction steps - a skeleton tutorial for HLCO (See also A Userʼs Guide to CCD Reductions with IRAF on class website) Before you begin, make sure that you have your data properly organized.
More informationGenePix Application Note
GenePix Application Note Biological Relevance of GenePix Results Shawn Handran, Ph.D. and Jack Y. Zhai, Ph.D. Axon Instruments, Inc. 3280 Whipple Road, Union City, CA 94587 Last Updated: Aug 22, 2003.
More informationPaper or poster submitted for Europto-SPIE / AFPAEC May Zurich, CH. Version 9-Apr-98 Printed on 05/15/98 3:49 PM
Missing pixel correction algorithm for image sensors B. Dierickx, Guy Meynants IMEC Kapeldreef 75 B-3001 Leuven tel. +32 16 281492 fax. +32 16 281501 dierickx@imec.be Paper or poster submitted for Europto-SPIE
More informationThe IRAF Mosaic Data Reduction Package
Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems VII ASP Conference Series, Vol. 145, 1998 R. Albrecht, R. N. Hook and H. A. Bushouse, eds. The IRAF Mosaic Data Reduction Package Francisco G. Valdes IRAF
More informationFLAT FIELD DETERMINATIONS USING AN ISOLATED POINT SOURCE
Instrument Science Report ACS 2015-07 FLAT FIELD DETERMINATIONS USING AN ISOLATED POINT SOURCE R. C. Bohlin and Norman Grogin 2015 August ABSTRACT The traditional method of measuring ACS flat fields (FF)
More informationMaster sky images for the WFC3 G102 and G141 grisms
Master sky images for the WFC3 G102 and G141 grisms M. Kümmel, H. Kuntschner, J. R. Walsh, H. Bushouse January 4, 2011 ABSTRACT We have constructed master sky images for the WFC3 near-infrared G102 and
More informationGrid Assembly. User guide. A plugin developed for microscopy non-overlapping images stitching, for the public-domain image analysis package ImageJ
BIOIMAGING AND OPTIC PLATFORM Grid Assembly A plugin developed for microscopy non-overlapping images stitching, for the public-domain image analysis package ImageJ User guide March 2008 Introduction In
More informationPreparing Remote Sensing Data for Natural Resources Mapping (image enhancement, rectifications )
Preparing Remote Sensing Data for Natural Resources Mapping (image enhancement, rectifications ) Why is this important What are the major approaches Examples of digital image enhancement Follow up exercises
More informationDemosaicing Algorithms
Demosaicing Algorithms Rami Cohen August 30, 2010 Contents 1 Demosaicing 2 1.1 Algorithms............................. 2 1.2 Post Processing.......................... 6 1.3 Performance............................
More informationSPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE INSTITUTE Operated for NASA by AURA
SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE INSTITUTE Operated for NASA by AURA Instrument Science Report WFC3 2010-08 WFC3 Pixel Area Maps J. S. Kalirai, C. Cox, L. Dressel, A. Fruchter, W. Hack, V. Kozhurina-Platais, and
More informationObservation Data. Optical Images
Data Analysis Introduction Optical Imaging Tsuyoshi Terai Subaru Telescope Imaging Observation Measure the light from celestial objects and understand their physics Take images of objects with a specific
More informationChapter 4 MASK Encryption: Results with Image Analysis
95 Chapter 4 MASK Encryption: Results with Image Analysis This chapter discusses the tests conducted and analysis made on MASK encryption, with gray scale and colour images. Statistical analysis including
More informationAPPENDIX D: ANALYZING ASTRONOMICAL IMAGES WITH MAXIM DL
APPENDIX D: ANALYZING ASTRONOMICAL IMAGES WITH MAXIM DL Written by T.Jaeger INTRODUCTION Early astronomers relied on handmade sketches to record their observations (see Galileo s sketches of Jupiter s
More informationDBSP Observing Manual
DBSP Observing Manual I. Arcavi, P. Bilgi, N.Blagorodnova, K.Burdge, A.Y.Q.Ho June 18, 2018 Contents 1 Observing Guides 2 2 Before arrival 2 2.1 Submit observing setup..................................
More informationPixInsight Workflow. Revision 1.2 March 2017
Revision 1.2 March 2017 Contents 1... 1 1.1 Calibration Workflow... 2 1.2 Create Master Calibration Frames... 3 1.2.1 Create Master Dark & Bias... 3 1.2.2 Create Master Flat... 5 1.3 Calibration... 8
More informationHistogram Painting for Better Photomosaics
Histogram Painting for Better Photomosaics Brandon Lloyd, Parris Egbert Computer Science Department Brigham Young University {blloyd egbert}@cs.byu.edu Abstract Histogram painting is a method for applying
More informationBreaking Down The Cosine Fourth Power Law
Breaking Down The Cosine Fourth Power Law By Ronian Siew, inopticalsolutions.com Why are the corners of the field of view in the image captured by a camera lens usually darker than the center? For one
More informationSpectral Line Bandpass Removal Using a Median Filter Travis McIntyre The University of New Mexico December 2013
Spectral Line Bandpass Removal Using a Median Filter Travis McIntyre The University of New Mexico December 2013 Abstract For spectral line observations, an alternative to the position switching observation
More informationSpecial Print Quality Problems of Ink Jet Printers
Special Print Quality Problems of Ink Jet Printers LUDWIK BUCZYNSKI Warsaw University of Technology, Mechatronic Department, Warsaw, Poland Abstract Rapid development of Ink Jet print technologies has
More informationISIS A beginner s guide
ISIS A beginner s guide Conceived of and written by Christian Buil, ISIS is a powerful astronomical spectral processing application that can appear daunting to first time users. While designed as a comprehensive
More informationSouthern African Large Telescope. RSS CCD Geometry
Southern African Large Telescope RSS CCD Geometry Kenneth Nordsieck University of Wisconsin Document Number: SALT-30AM0011 v 1.0 9 May, 2012 Change History Rev Date Description 1.0 9 May, 2012 Original
More informationAstro-photography. Daguerreotype: on a copper plate
AST 1022L Astro-photography 1840-1980s: Photographic plates were astronomers' main imaging tool At right: first ever picture of the full moon, by John William Draper (1840) Daguerreotype: exposure using
More informationWFC3/IR Bad Pixel Table: Update Using Cycle 17 Data
Instrument Science Report WFC3 2010-13 WFC3/IR Bad Pixel Table: Update Using Cycle 17 Data B. Hilbert and H. Bushouse August 26, 2010 ABSTRACT Using data collected during Servicing Mission Observatory
More informationCMOS Star Tracker: Camera Calibration Procedures
CMOS Star Tracker: Camera Calibration Procedures By: Semi Hasaj Undergraduate Research Assistant Program: Space Engineering, Department of Earth & Space Science and Engineering Supervisor: Dr. Regina Lee
More informationCalibrating VISTA Data
Calibrating VISTA Data IR Camera Astronomy Unit Queen Mary University of London Cambridge Astronomical Survey Unit, Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge Jim Emerson Simon Hodgkin, Peter Bunclark, Mike Irwin,
More informationInterpixel Capacitance in the IR Channel: Measurements Made On Orbit
Interpixel Capacitance in the IR Channel: Measurements Made On Orbit B. Hilbert and P. McCullough April 21, 2011 ABSTRACT Using high signal-to-noise pixels in dark current observations, the magnitude of
More informationAchieving milli-arcsecond residual astrometric error for the JMAPS mission
Achieving milli-arcsecond residual astrometric error for the JMAPS mission Gregory S. Hennessy a,benjaminf.lane b, Dan Veilette a, and Christopher Dieck a a US Naval Observatory, 3450 Mass Ave. NW, Washington
More informationM67 Cluster Photometry
Lab 3 part I M67 Cluster Photometry Observational Astronomy ASTR 310 Fall 2009 1 Introduction You should keep in mind that there are two separate aspects to this project as far as an astronomer is concerned.
More informationImage Processing Tutorial Basic Concepts
Image Processing Tutorial Basic Concepts CCDWare Publishing http://www.ccdware.com 2005 CCDWare Publishing Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Starting CCDStack... 4 Creating Calibration Frames... 5 Create
More informationPhotometry. Variable Star Photometry
Variable Star Photometry Photometry One of the most basic of astronomical analysis is photometry, or the monitoring of the light output of an astronomical object. Many stars, be they in binaries, interacting,
More informationFast and High-Quality Image Blending on Mobile Phones
Fast and High-Quality Image Blending on Mobile Phones Yingen Xiong and Kari Pulli Nokia Research Center 955 Page Mill Road Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA Email: {yingenxiong, karipulli}@nokiacom Abstract We present
More informationBias errors in PIV: the pixel locking effect revisited.
Bias errors in PIV: the pixel locking effect revisited. E.F.J. Overmars 1, N.G.W. Warncke, C. Poelma and J. Westerweel 1: Laboratory for Aero & Hydrodynamics, University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands,
More informationThe predicted performance of the ACS coronagraph
Instrument Science Report ACS 2000-04 The predicted performance of the ACS coronagraph John Krist March 30, 2000 ABSTRACT The Aberrated Beam Coronagraph (ABC) on the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) has
More informationWFC3/IR Cycle 19 Bad Pixel Table Update
Instrument Science Report WFC3 2012-10 WFC3/IR Cycle 19 Bad Pixel Table Update B. Hilbert June 08, 2012 ABSTRACT Using data from Cycles 17, 18, and 19, we have updated the IR channel bad pixel table for
More informationDetection of Out-Of-Focus Digital Photographs
Detection of Out-Of-Focus Digital Photographs Suk Hwan Lim, Jonathan en, Peng Wu Imaging Systems Laboratory HP Laboratories Palo Alto HPL-2005-14 January 20, 2005* digital photographs, outof-focus, sharpness,
More informationStatistics 101: Section L Laboratory 10
Statistics 101: Section L Laboratory 10 This lab looks at the sampling distribution of the sample proportion pˆ and probabilities associated with sampling from a population with a categorical variable.
More informationMachinery HDR Effects 3
1 Machinery HDR Effects 3 MACHINERY HDR is a photo editor that utilizes HDR technology. You do not need to be an expert to achieve dazzling effects even from a single image saved in JPG format! MACHINERY
More informationCS 445 HW#2 Solutions
1. Text problem 3.1 CS 445 HW#2 Solutions (a) General form: problem figure,. For the condition shown in the Solving for K yields Then, (b) General form: the problem figure, as in (a) so For the condition
More informationPuntino. Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor for optimizing telescopes. The software people for optics
Puntino Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor for optimizing telescopes 1 1. Optimize telescope performance with a powerful set of tools A finely tuned telescope is the key to obtaining deep, high-quality astronomical
More informationWhite Paper High Dynamic Range Imaging
WPE-2015XI30-00 for Machine Vision What is Dynamic Range? Dynamic Range is the term used to describe the difference between the brightest part of a scene and the darkest part of a scene at a given moment
More informationHyperspectral Image Data
CEE 615: Digital Image Processing Lab 11: Hyperspectral Noise p. 1 Hyperspectral Image Data Files needed for this exercise (all are standard ENVI files): Images: cup95eff.int &.hdr Spectral Library: jpl1.sli
More informationDigital Image Processing
Digital Image Processing Part 2: Image Enhancement Digital Image Processing Course Introduction in the Spatial Domain Lecture AASS Learning Systems Lab, Teknik Room T26 achim.lilienthal@tech.oru.se Course
More informationScanArray Overview. Principle of Operation. Instrument Components
ScanArray Overview The GSI Lumonics ScanArrayÒ Microarray Analysis System is a scanning laser confocal fluorescence microscope that is used to determine the fluorescence intensity of a two-dimensional
More informationA Novel Method for Enhancing Satellite & Land Survey Images Using Color Filter Array Interpolation Technique (CFA)
A Novel Method for Enhancing Satellite & Land Survey Images Using Color Filter Array Interpolation Technique (CFA) Suma Chappidi 1, Sandeep Kumar Mekapothula 2 1 PG Scholar, Department of ECE, RISE Krishna
More informationBefore you start, make sure that you have a properly calibrated system to obtain high-quality images.
CONTENT Step 1: Optimizing your Workspace for Acquisition... 1 Step 2: Tracing the Region of Interest... 2 Step 3: Camera (& Multichannel) Settings... 3 Step 4: Acquiring a Background Image (Brightfield)...
More informationSTREAK DETECTION ALGORITHM FOR SPACE DEBRIS DETECTION ON OPTICAL IMAGES
STREAK DETECTION ALGORITHM FOR SPACE DEBRIS DETECTION ON OPTICAL IMAGES Alessandro Vananti, Klaus Schild, Thomas Schildknecht Astronomical Institute, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern,
More informationCross-Talk in the ACS WFC Detectors. II: Using GAIN=2 to Minimize the Effect
Cross-Talk in the ACS WFC Detectors. II: Using GAIN=2 to Minimize the Effect Mauro Giavalisco August 10, 2004 ABSTRACT Cross talk is observed in images taken with ACS WFC between the four CCD quadrants
More informationTIRCAM2 (TIFR Near Infrared Imaging Camera - 3.6m Devasthal Optical Telescope (DOT)
TIRCAM2 (TIFR Near Infrared Imaging Camera - II) @ 3.6m Devasthal Optical Telescope (DOT) (ver 4.0 June 2017) TIRCAM2 (TIFR Near Infrared Imaging Camera - II) is a closed cycle cooled imager that has been
More informationDesign Description Document
UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER Design Description Document Flat Output Backlit Strobe Dare Bodington, Changchen Chen, Nick Cirucci Customer: Engineers: Advisor committee: Sydor Instruments Dare Bodington, Changchen
More informationCCD Image Processing of M15 Images Estimated time: 4 hours
CCD Image Processing of M15 Images Estimated time: 4 hours For this part of the astronomy lab, you will use the astronomy software package IRAF (Image Reduction and Analysis Facility) to perform the basic
More informationrestoration-interpolation from the Thematic Mapper (size of the original
METHOD FOR COMBINED IMAGE INTERPOLATION-RESTORATION THROUGH A FIR FILTER DESIGN TECHNIQUE FONSECA, Lei 1 a M. G. - Researcher MASCARENHAS, Nelson D. A. - Researcher Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE/MCT
More informationMicrovasculature on a chip: study of the Endothelial Surface Layer and the flow structure of Red Blood Cells
Supplementary Information Microvasculature on a chip: study of the Endothelial Surface Layer and the flow structure of Red Blood Cells Daria Tsvirkun 1,2,5, Alexei Grichine 3,4, Alain Duperray 3,4, Chaouqi
More informationSecrets of Telescope Resolution
amateur telescope making Secrets of Telescope Resolution Computer modeling and mathematical analysis shed light on instrumental limits to angular resolution. By Daniel W. Rickey even on a good night, the
More informationOmegaCAM calibrations for KiDS
OmegaCAM calibrations for KiDS Gijs Verdoes Kleijn for OmegaCEN & KiDS survey team Kapteyn Astronomical Institute University of Groningen A. Issues common to wide field imaging surveys data processing
More informationPhotometric Calibration for Wide- Area Space Surveillance Sensors
Photometric Calibration for Wide- Area Space Surveillance Sensors J.S. Stuart, E. C. Pearce, R. L. Lambour 2007 US-Russian Space Surveillance Workshop 30-31 October 2007 The work was sponsored by the Department
More informationJust How Good Are Flats? John Menke May 2005
Just How Good Are Flats? John Menke May 2005 Abstract Using flats as a means of correcting various errors in CCD images is well known. What is not so well known is how well they work. This paper describes
More informationREADOUT TECHNIQUES FOR DRIFT AND LOW FREQUENCY NOISE REJECTION IN INFRARED ARRAYS
READOUT TECHNIQUES FOR DRIFT AND LOW FREQUENCY NOISE REJECTION IN INFRARED ARRAYS Finger 1, G, Dorn 1, R.J 1, Hoffman, A.W. 2, Mehrgan, H. 1, Meyer, M. 1, Moorwood A.F.M. 1 and Stegmeier, J. 1 1) European
More informationGetting Unlimited Digital Resolution
Getting Unlimited Digital Resolution N. David King Wow, now here s a goal: how would you like to be able to create nearly any amount of resolution you want with a digital camera. Since the higher the resolution
More informationNIRSPEC Data Reduction Pipeline Data Products Specification
NIRSPEC Data Reduction Pipeline Data Products Specification Table of Contents 1 Introduction... 2 2 Data Products... 2 2.1 Tables...2 2.1.1 Table Format...2 2.1.2 Flux Table...3 2.1.3 Profile Table...4
More informationMethod of color interpolation in a single sensor color camera using green channel separation
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of nformatics - Papers (Archive) Faculty of Engineering and nformation Sciences 2002 Method of color interpolation in a single sensor color camera using
More informationPhotometry. La Palma trip 2014 Lecture 2 Prof. S.C. Trager
Photometry La Palma trip 2014 Lecture 2 Prof. S.C. Trager Photometry is the measurement of magnitude from images technically, it s the measurement of light, but astronomers use the above definition these
More informationColor and More. Color basics
Color and More In this lesson, you'll evaluate an image in terms of its overall tonal range (lightness, darkness, and contrast), its overall balance of color, and its overall appearance for areas that
More informationAdaptive Optimum Notch Filter for Periodic Noise Reduction in Digital Images
Adaptive Optimum Notch Filter for Periodic Noise Reduction in Digital Images Payman Moallem i * and Majid Behnampour ii ABSTRACT Periodic noises are unwished and spurious signals that create repetitive
More informationLAB MANUAL SUBJECT: IMAGE PROCESSING BE (COMPUTER) SEM VII
LAB MANUAL SUBJECT: IMAGE PROCESSING BE (COMPUTER) SEM VII IMAGE PROCESSING INDEX CLASS: B.E(COMPUTER) SR. NO SEMESTER:VII TITLE OF THE EXPERIMENT. 1 Point processing in spatial domain a. Negation of an
More informationA repository of precision flatfields for high resolution MDI continuum data
Solar Physics DOI: 10.7/ - - - - A repository of precision flatfields for high resolution MDI continuum data H.E. Potts 1 D.A. Diver 1 c Springer Abstract We describe an archive of high-precision MDI flat
More informationFlat Fields. S. Eikenberry Obs Tech
Flat Fields S. Eikenberry Obs Tech 23 Sep 2014 Review median combination Basic algorithm: Read in im1, im2, im3,, im9 Loop over 1 array dimension, index i Loop over 2 nd dimension, index j imf(i,j)=median([im1(i,j),
More informationMAOP-702. CCD 47 Characterization
Doc # : MAOP702 Date: 2013Apr03 Page: 1 of 14 MAOP702 Prepared By: Name(s) and Signature(s) Date Jared R. Males Approved By Name and Signature Title Laird Close PI Victor Gasho Program Manager Date Revision
More informationInductive Reasoning Practice Test. Solution Booklet. 1
Inductive Reasoning Practice Test Solution Booklet 1 www.assessmentday.co.uk Question 1 Solution: B In this question, there are two rules to follow. The first rule is that the curved and straight-edged
More informationStitching MetroPro Application
OMP-0375F Stitching MetroPro Application Stitch.app This booklet is a quick reference; it assumes that you are familiar with MetroPro and the instrument. Information on MetroPro is provided in Getting
More informationDark current behavior in DSLR cameras
Dark current behavior in DSLR cameras Justin C. Dunlap, Oleg Sostin, Ralf Widenhorn, and Erik Bodegom Portland State, Portland, OR 9727 ABSTRACT Digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras are examined and
More informationScientific Image Processing System Photometry tool
Scientific Image Processing System Photometry tool Pavel Cagas http://www.tcmt.org/ What is SIPS? SIPS abbreviation means Scientific Image Processing System The software package evolved from a tool to
More informationDIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING Quiz exercises preparation for the midterm exam
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING Quiz exercises preparation for the midterm exam In the following set of questions, there are, possibly, multiple correct answers (1, 2, 3 or 4). Mark the answers you consider correct.
More informationFlux Calibration Monitoring: WFC3/IR G102 and G141 Grisms
Instrument Science Report WFC3 2014-01 Flux Calibration Monitoring: WFC3/IR and Grisms Janice C. Lee, Norbert Pirzkal, Bryan Hilbert January 24, 2014 ABSTRACT As part of the regular WFC3 flux calibration
More informationProperties of a Detector
Properties of a Detector Quantum Efficiency fraction of photons detected wavelength and spatially dependent Dynamic Range difference between lowest and highest measurable flux Linearity detection rate
More informationAutomatic Enhancement and Binarization of Degraded Document Images
Automatic Enhancement and Binarization of Degraded Document Images Jon Parker 1,2, Ophir Frieder 1, and Gideon Frieder 1 1 Department of Computer Science Georgetown University Washington DC, USA {jon,
More informationMod. 2 p. 1. Prof. Dr. Christoph Kleinn Institut für Waldinventur und Waldwachstum Arbeitsbereich Fernerkundung und Waldinventur
Histograms of gray values for TM bands 1-7 for the example image - Band 4 and 5 show more differentiation than the others (contrast=the ratio of brightest to darkest areas of a landscape). - Judging from
More informationPadova and Asiago Observatories
ISSN 1594-1906 Padova and Asiago Observatories The Echelle E2V CCD47-10 CCD H. Navasardyan, M. D'Alessandro, E. Giro, Technical Report n. 22 September 2004 Document available at: http://www.pd.astro.it/
More informationComputer Graphics Fundamentals
Computer Graphics Fundamentals Jacek Kęsik, PhD Simple converts Rotations Translations Flips Resizing Geometry Rotation n * 90 degrees other Geometry Rotation n * 90 degrees other Geometry Translations
More informationExercise 8: Interference and diffraction
Physics 223 Name: Exercise 8: Interference and diffraction 1. In a two-slit Young s interference experiment, the aperture (the mask with the two slits) to screen distance is 2.0 m, and a red light of wavelength
More informationA DEVELOPED UNSHARP MASKING METHOD FOR IMAGES CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT
2011 8th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices A DEVELOPED UNSHARP MASKING METHOD FOR IMAGES CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT Ahmed Zaafouri, Mounir Sayadi and Farhat Fnaiech SICISI Unit, ESSTT,
More informationASTROPHOTOGRAPHY (What is all the noise about?) Chris Woodhouse ARPS FRAS
ASTROPHOTOGRAPHY (What is all the noise about?) Chris Woodhouse ARPS FRAS Havering Astronomical Society a bit about me living on the edge what is noise? break noise combat strategies cameras and sensors
More informationWhat an Observational Astronomer needs to know!
What an Observational Astronomer needs to know! IRAF:Photometry D. Hatzidimitriou Masters course on Methods of Observations and Analysis in Astronomy Basic concepts Counts how are they related to the actual
More informationWFC3 Thermal Vacuum Testing: UVIS Broadband Flat Fields
WFC3 Thermal Vacuum Testing: UVIS Broadband Flat Fields H. Bushouse June 1, 2005 ABSTRACT During WFC3 thermal-vacuum testing in September and October 2004, a subset of the UVIS20 test procedure, UVIS Flat
More informationIn our previous lecture, we understood the vital parameters to be taken into consideration before data acquisition and scanning.
Interactomics: Protein Arrays & Label Free Biosensors Professor Sanjeeva Srivastava MOOC NPTEL Course Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Module 7 Lecture No 34 Software for Image scanning and data processing
More informationNature Protocols: doi: /nprot
Supplementary Tutorial A total of nine examples illustrating different aspects of data processing referred to in the text are given here. Images for these examples can be downloaded from www.mrc- lmb.cam.ac.uk/harry/imosflm/examples.
More informationOptical design of a high resolution vision lens
Optical design of a high resolution vision lens Paul Claassen, optical designer, paul.claassen@sioux.eu Marnix Tas, optical specialist, marnix.tas@sioux.eu Prof L.Beckmann, l.beckmann@hccnet.nl Summary:
More informationAIC Narrowband Imaging Things That Make a Difference Saturday, October 27, 2007 Neil Fleming. (
AIC 2007 Narrowband Imaging Things That Make a Difference Saturday, October 27, 2007 Neil Fleming (www.flemingastrophotography.com) Agenda and Assumptions Agenda: Light pollution? Why even try? RGB and
More informationLaboratory 2: Graphing
Purpose It is often said that a picture is worth 1,000 words, or for scientists we might rephrase it to say that a graph is worth 1,000 words. Graphs are most often used to express data in a clear, concise
More informationDetail preserving impulsive noise removal
Signal Processing: Image Communication 19 (24) 993 13 www.elsevier.com/locate/image Detail preserving impulsive noise removal Naif Alajlan a,, Mohamed Kamel a, Ed Jernigan b a PAMI Lab, Electrical and
More informationQC of temperature and pressure. classification fill DFO DB. process. associate trending
Quality Control and Data Flow Operations of NACO Wolfgang Hummel 1, Chris Lidman 2, Nancy Ageorges 2,Yves Jung 1, Olivier Marco 2, and Danuta Dobrzycka 1 1 ESO, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, 85748 Garching,
More informationAstronomy 341 Fall 2012 Observational Astronomy Haverford College. CCD Terminology
CCD Terminology Read noise An unavoidable pixel-to-pixel fluctuation in the number of electrons per pixel that occurs during chip readout. Typical values for read noise are ~ 10 or fewer electrons per
More information