Zone 78, Master Map Normal View

Transcription

1 Zone Master, Normal View, 10 deg FOV Zone 78, Master Map Normal View ω2 ω1 ψ ' ' ' ' ' α Deneb δ North merican Nebula ξ Pelican Nebula 21h 12m 21h 00m 20h 48m 20h 36m 20h 24m 20h 12m 20h 00m 19h 48m

2 , Map 1 Normal Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. h1516 Franks 9 STF 2681 Espin 2692 Hough 455 OS 404 rej STF 2658 Stein 2497 Engelmann 70 ur 426 Stein 2478 rgelander 35 ψ Psi Cyg ' ' ' ' 20h 24m 20h 18m 20h 12m STF h 06m 20h 00m 19h 54m

3 , Map 1 Mirror Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. ψ Stein 2478 Psi Cyg rgelander 35 ur 426 Stein 2497 Engelmann 70 Hough 455 STF 2658 OS 404 rej Espin 2692 h1516 STF ' ' ' ' STF h 54m 20h 00m 20h 06m 20h 12m 20h 18m 20h 24m

4 , Map 2 Normal Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. C 17 STF 2645 Espin 800 Engelmann 73 Espin 2693 Espin 502 STF 2648 h Cyg rgelander ' ' ' Espin 2694 STF h 24m 20h 18m 20h 12m 20h 06m 20h 00m 19h 54m

5 , Map 2 Mirror Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. STF 2645 C 17 Espin 800 rgelander Cyg h1481 STF 2648 Espin 502 Engelmann 73 Espin ' ' ' STF h 54m 20h 00m 20h 06m 20h 12m 20h 18m 20h 24m

6 , Map 3 Normal Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. h1513 h1510 all 49 Omicron 2 Cyg Omicron 1 Cyg STF 2667 NGC 6884 Espin 499 Espin 1329 NICE STERISM Hipparcos 2861 h STF ' ' ' ' 20h 24m 20h 18m 20h 12m 20h 06m OS h 00m OS 391 rej

7 , Map 3 Mirror Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. STF 2611 NICE STERISM 719 h1463 Hipparcos 2861 Espin 1329 Omicron 2 Cyg Omicron 1 Cyg NGC 6884 Espin 499 STF 2667 all 49 h1510 h ' ' ' ' OS h 00m 20h 06m 20h 12m 20h 18m 20h 24m

8 , Map 4 Normal Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. Cepheus STF 2671 h1562 Holden 41 Espin Espin 991 STF 2693 h1516 Franks 9 STF 2681 Hough ' ' ' OS 404 rej Espin 995 Espin h 42m 20h 36m 20h 30m 20h 24m 20h 18m

9 , Map 4 Mirror Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. Cepheus STF 2671 h1562 Hough 455 STF 2658 h1516 STF 2693 Franks 9 STF 2681 Espin Espin 2698 Holden ' ' ' OS 404 rej Espin 2692 Espin h 18m 20h 24m 20h 30m 20h 36m 20h 42m

10 , Map 5 Normal Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. ur 365 Espin Cyg rgelander 39 Espin 88 h1524 Holden 39 Espin 2696 ω2 South 755 Omega 2 Cyg Omega 1 Cygω1 Engelmann 73 Espin ' ' ' Espin 2694 h1558 Espin 89 20h 42m 20h 36m 20h 30m 20h 24m 20h 18m

11 , Map 5 Mirror Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. Espin 800 Espin 502 Engelmann 73 Espin 2693 h1524 Espin 2696 ω2 South 755 Omega 2 Cyg ω1 Omega 1 Cyg Espin 88 Holden Cyg rgelander ' ' ' Espin 2694 h1558 Espin 89 20h 18m 20h 24m 20h 30m 20h 36m 20h 42m

12 , Map 6 Normal Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. ω1 Espin 2694 h1558 OS 411 Espin 89 STF 2707 OSS 208 Espin 665 ur 1489 h1513 h1510 all ' ' ' STF 2667 α Deneb lpha Cyg Espin h 42m 20h 36m 20h 30m 20h 24m 20h 18m

13 , Map 6 Mirror Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. ω1 Omega 1 Cyg Espin 2694 h1558 Omicron 1 Cyg all 49 h1510 h1513 Espin 665 OSS 208 ur 1489 Espin 89 STF 2707 OS ' ' ' STF 2667 lpha Cygα Deneb 20h 18m 20h 24m 20h 30m 20h 36m 20h 42m

14 , Map 7 Normal Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. ur 680 STF 2757 Espin 2704 NGC 7008 h1606 h1562 h1587 Espin 991 rgelander 41 Holden Espin 2698 Espin 995 STF 2732 ur ' ' ' ' 21h 00m 20h 54m 20h 48m 20h 42m 20h 36m 20h 30m

15 , Map 7 Mirror Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. h1562 Espin Espin 2698 Espin 995 Holden 41 h1587 STF 2732 ur 365 rgelander 41 NGC 7008 h ' ' ' ' 20h 30m 20h 36m 20h 42m 20h 48m 20h 54m 21h 00m

16 , Map 8 Normal Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. STF 2757 ur 68 STF 2741 STF 2732 Espin 94 ur 155 ur 366 ur 365 Espin Cyg rgelander 39 Espin 88 Holden ' ' ' ' OS h 06m 21h 00m 20h 54m 20h 48m 20h 42m h h 36m

17 , Map 8 Mirror Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. STF 2757 Espin 88 Holden Cyg Espin 995 rgelander 39 STF 2732 ur 365 ur 366 ur 155 Espin 94 STF 2741 ur ' ' ' ' OS 425 h h 36m 20h 42m 20h 48m 20h 54m 21h 00m 21h 06m

18 , Map 9 Normal Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. ur 158 Hipparcos 3001 ur Cyg NGC 6991 IC 5076 h1597 Hipparcos 2979 ark 1 NGC 6989 OS Cyg ur 250 rgelander 40 OS 411 α Deneb lpha Cyg Espin 2699 Espin 89 STF 2707 OSS ' ' ' ' Espin 675 Espin 2701 Collinder 428 NGC 6996 NGC 6997 Espin 667 NGC h 00m North merican Nebula 20h 54m Pelican Nebula IC 5067 / 70 20h 48m 20h 42m 20h 36m

19 , Map 9 Mirror Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. ur 1489 OSS 208 Espin 89 STF 2707 lpha Cygα OS 411 Deneb Espin Cyg ur 250 rgelander 40 NGC 6989 NGC 6991 IC 5076 h1597 ark 1 Hipparcos 2979 OS Cyg ur 158 ur ' ' ' ' Espin 667 Espin 2701 Espin 675 NGC 6996 NGC 6997 IC 5067 / 70 Pelican Nebula NGC 7000 North merican Nebula 20h 36m 20h 42m 20h 48m 20h 54m 21h 00m

20 Index 68 Double Stars, 1 Galactic Nebula, 1 Planetary Nebula, 3 Open Clusters Flamsteed 26 Cyg Cyg Cyg C lpha Cyg rgelander rgelander rgelander all arkanova ur ur ur ur ur ur E Engelmann Engelmann Espin Espin Espin Espin Espin Espin Espin Espin Espin Espin Espin Espin Espin Espin Espin F Franks H h h h h h h h h Hipparcos Hipparcos Holden Holden Hough

21 N NGC NGC NGC O Omega 1 Cyg Omega 2 Cyg Omicron 1 Cyg Omicron 2 Cyg OS 404 rej... 3 OS OS OSS S South Stein STF STF STF STF STF STF STF STF STF STF

22 Zone 78, Map 1 Double Stars Easy OS 404 rej DS 13616; HD ; SO Rating: 2 E Position: K5 III Y!! d!! 1843: measurements. C8 at 83x. The field nearby goes suddenly dark is there a dark nebula nearby? Diameter: = 54.3 inches. Separation: = 38.1 miles. Distance (LY): 850 Total luminosity (Suns): 66 STF 2658 DS 13560; HD ; SO Rating: 3 E Position: F5 V Y O C !! V - 3 -

23 1831: measurements. C 1832: measurements. has a 12.7m companion at 312 (1913). has a 14.0m companion at 83 (1910). C8 at 83x. Some observers report Y, W and. Webb saw them as Y, and O. Diameter: = 4.35 inches. Separation: = 1.31 miles; C = 14.3 miles. Distance (LY): 151 Total luminosity (Suns): 3.3 Hough 455 DS 13610; HD ; SO Rating: 3 E Position: M0 Y ? C ? D ? 1889: measurements. C 1889: measurements. D 1889: measurements. has an 11.5m companion at 182 (1925). C8 at 83x. It forms the W vertex of a large triangle composed of 6.7m SO (NE) and 8.2m SO (SE)

24 Diameter: = 38.2 inches. Separation: = 84.9 miles; C = 69.2 miles; D = 81.5 miles. Distance (LY): 1,370 Total luminosity (Suns): 217 Espin 2692 HD ; SO Rating: 3 E Position: K2 O = 86 -? 1991 W 1897: measurements. Quadrant reversal? The stars share common proper motion. C8 at 104x. ur 426 CD = ur 427; DS Rating: 5 E Position: K0 Y = ? C F0 W 1877: measurements. C 1877: measurements. C is shown by Hipparcos to be 990 light years away. C has a 10.18m companion at 338 (1999)

25 C8 at 206x. The star is the westernmost vertex of an equilateral triangle of 8.5m stars. Diameter: = 24.9 inches; C = 10.6 inches. Separation: = 3.88 miles; C = 109 miles. Distance (LY): 429 Total luminosity (Suns): 15 Engelmann 70 HD ; SO Rating: 5 E Position: F5 V W W 1893: measurements. C11 at 115x. Diameter: = 4.35 inches. Separation: = 31.3 miles. Distance (LY): 119 Total luminosity (Suns): 5.21 Moderate Stein 2497 HD ; SO Rating: 5 M Position: K0 Y ! 1972? - 6 -

26 1917: measurements. C8 at 83x. Moderate field. Diameter: = 23.8 inches. Separation: = 3.26 miles. Distance (LY): 249 Total luminosity (Suns): 4.2 Zone 78, Map 2 Double Stars Easy 26 Cyg Rating: 3 E OSS 197; DS 13278; HD ; SO 49098; H V 47 Position: K1 III Y O C ? D No E No 1875: measurements. The primary is an infra-red emitter. The stars have a small difference in proper motion. E 1 measurement. C (urnham) 1878: : measurements. D 1898: measurement

27 C8 at 65x. Some observers report Y and ; Webb thought they were D and. Very rich field. Diameter: = 2.40 inches. Separation: = 28.3 miles. Distance (LY): 429 Total luminosity (Suns): 135 Espin 800 DS 13732; HD ; SO Rating: 3 E Position: K3 III Y C = 1988? 1897: measurements. The stars have different proper motions. C 1899: measurements. There are four more very faint comes. C8 at 104x. Diameter: = 51.3 inches. Separation: = 11.1 miles; C = 15.7 miles. Distance (LY): 238 Total luminosity (Suns):

28 h1481 Rating: 4 E Position: K2 III W ? 1987 O C = W 1907: 8. 3 measurements. Quadrant reversal? C 1901: measurements. There are six more very faint comes (all discovered by George bt). C8 at 104x. It forms a nice, tiny triangle. Moderate field. Diameter: = 49.5 inches. Separation: = 6.37 miles; C = 9.74 miles. Distance (LY): 227 Total luminosity (Suns): 0.9 STF 2648 DS 13471; HD ; SO Rating: 4 E Position: F5 W = 1995 ro 1831: measurements. C8 at 83x. Moderate field

29 Diameter: = 12.9 inches. Separation: = 3.20 miles. Distance (LY): 302 Total luminosity (Suns): 6 Espin 502 DS 13545; HD ; SO Rating: 4 E Position: V Y ? 1907: measurements. C8 at 83x. Diameter: = 9.00 inches. Separation: = 17.2 miles. Distance (LY): 830 Total luminosity (Suns): 95 Espin 2693 HD ; SO Rating: 4 E Position: W bw C No C

30 1899: measurements. C 1 measurement. C8 at 104x. STF 2619 DS 13269; HD ; SO Rating: 5 E Position: G5 Y W C O? 1831: measurements. C 1862: measurements. C has a dim companion (13.20m) discovered in 1879 at 184. C8 at 104x. This pair is framed by five 9m stars. Very rich field to the E. Diameter: = 19.4 inches. Separation: = 1.26 miles; C = 5.25 miles. Distance (LY): 197 Total luminosity (Suns):

31 Moderate Engelmann 73 pm 243 (b, d); HD ; SO Rating: 5 M Position: G5 Y ! 77 -! 1988 W C W D W E W? 1892: measurements. C 1892: measurements. D 1892: measurements. E 1892: measurements. C11 at 115x. Diameter: = 19.6 inches. Separation: = 11.7 miles; C = 14.7 miles; D = 19.2 miles; E = 25.2 miles. Distance (LY): 101 Total luminosity (Suns): Difficult STF 2645 DS 13447; HD Rating: 4 D Position: V W Y

32 1831: measurements. C8 at 280x. Distance (LY): 1,600? Total luminosity (Suns): 208 C 17 DS 13535; HD ; SO Rating: 5 D Position: K1 III Y ? C = 1922 No D = 1922? E?? No 1859: measurements. C 1913: 8. 2 measurements. D 1913: measurements. E 1 measurement. C8 at 206x. Star is very difficult. Diameter: = 2.40 inches. Separation: = 2.76 miles; C = 53.6 miles; D = 47.5 miles; E = 84.0 miles. Distance (LY): 412 Total luminosity (Suns):

33 Zone 78, Map 3 Double Stars Easy Omicron 1 Cyg Rating: 3 E 31 Cyg; V695 Cyg; SI 50 rej; DS 13554; HD ; SO stronomical League Program: Double Star Club Position: K1 II Y V This pair is an eclipsing variable (10.42 year orbit), similar to 32 Cygni. The primary has a gassy corona that extends out to 350 times the Sun's diameter and an infra-red source. The star is five times as big as the Sun. The stars are probably about 13 U apart. The 5.0m 3 star at 338" (pa 323) is 30 Cygni and is an optical companion. Hipparcos/Tycho mission data show different distances for these stars (1,30 and 1,720 light years); they may be optical. C8 at 83x. Rich field. Omicron 2 Cyg 32 Cyg; V1488 Cyg; South 743 HD ; SO Rating: 3 E Position: K3 II dy!! = 175 = V! 1824: measurements

34 May be optical because Hipparcos gives different distances (1,110 and 1,550 light years). Different proper motions. Star is an eclipsing spectroscopic binary and is 200 times as big as the Sun and an infra-red source. It has a deep, extensive atmosphere, the presence of which shows up just before and after the small companion passes behind the larger primary as the light from the companion shows a preliminary drop before the maximum drop. The companion, a, orbits at 5.9 U and is a normal star five times as large as the Sun. The orbital period is 3.15 years. C8 at 104x. Webb saw them as Y!, and. The rich field has a dense N-S "bar". There is a nice little asterism of about 8 stars centered 1.5 deg E at STF 2667 DS 13655; HD ; SO Rating: 3 E Position: W W 1821: measurements. The stars show a similar, but small, proper motion. C8 at 104x. Diameter: = 8.46 inches. Separation: = 35.4 miles. Distance (LY): 2,700 Total luminosity (Suns):

35 Hipparcos 2861 HD ; SO Rating: 4 E Position: W W 1892: measurements. C11 at 115x. This pair lies 5 min SE of a 9m O star. Diameter: = 8.31 inches. Separation: = 34.7 miles. Distance (LY): 1,330 Total luminosity (Suns): 27 Moderate Espin 1329 DS 13386; HD ; SO 49179; H N 73 Rating: 1 M Position: F0 W ? 1914: measurements. C8 at 104x

36 Diameter: = 10.5 inches. Separation: = 12.5 miles. Distance (LY): 990 Total luminosity (Suns): 44 Espin 1329 Double star; W,?; 8.1 / 10.7; 211 Observed with C11 on 8/6/01 Magnification: 339x 719 DS Rating: 3 M Position: W W

37 1904: measurements. C11 at 115x. h1463 Rating: 5 M Position: W W 1907: measurements. C11 at 115x. This pair lies 6 min N of a 6m star. Distance (LY): 20 Total luminosity (Suns): Espin 499 DS 13483; HD ; SO Rating: 5 M Position: W W C No oth 1 measurement. C8 at 104x. Use averted vision for. Very rich field

38 Deep Sky Moderate NGC 6884 Other Names: PK Rating: 5 M Position: Type : Pn Class: 2b Magnitude : 12.5 Dimensions: 7" Ralph Copeland discovered this planetary in C8 at 83x. fuzzy star that does not magnify well. It lies in a line of three faint stars. C11 at 193x with O-III filter. It is extremely difficult without the O-III, but leaps out of the sky at you with it. Very small, compact, and with a bright center. Model (where the Sun is a baseball): Its diameter would be 99 miles. Distance (LY): 9,100 Luminosity (suns): 65 NGC 6884 Planetary nebula Observed with C11 on 9/15/03; s7, t9 Magnification: 140x

39 Zone 78, Map 4 Double Stars Easy h1516 HD ; SO Rating: 4 D Position: Ve W = 1985? C ? 1905: measurements. C 1 measurement. Hipparcos/Tycho mission data show different distances for these stars (: 2,500 light years, C: 19); they may be optical. C8 at 83x. Moderate field. STF 2693 DS 13903; HD ; SO Rating: 3 E Position: W W 1830: measurements. The stars show similar proper motions

40 C8 at 83x. Diameter: = 6.19 inches. Separation: = 7.54 miles. Distance (LY): 343 Total luminosity (Suns): 7 Franks 9 HD ; SO Rating: 4 E Position: K7 W = 1991 W 1899: measurements. The stars show similar proper motions. C8 at 104x. Diameter: = 35.3 inches. Separation: = 83.8 miles. Distance (LY): 900 Total luminosity (Suns):

41 Espin 991 DS 14059; HD ; SO Rating: 4 E Position: K7 O! W? C bw 1 measurement. C 1901: measurements. C has a 13.0m companion at 127 (1910). C8 at 37x. Moderate field. Espin 2698 DS 14167; HD ; SO Rating: 4 E Position: K0 Y = : measurements. C11 at 115x. There is a beautiful diamond-shaped asterism (four 10m stars) 15 min NE. Diameter: = 26.4 inches. Separation: = 1.05 miles. Distance (LY): 74 Total luminosity (Suns):

42 Moderate STF 2681 DS 13795; HD ; SO Rating: 3 M Position: V W ? C Y D : measurements. C 1831: measurements. The stars show similar proper motions. D 1842: measurements. C8 at 83x. Diameter: = 9.00 inches; C = 7.81 inches. Separation: = 13.8 miles; C = 78.5 miles; D = 86.8 miles. Distance (LY): 1,300 Total luminosity (Suns): DS 14094; HD ; SO Rating: 5 M Position: G5 Y W C W

43 1907: measurements. C 1 measurement. C8 at 280x. Diameter: = 20.2 inches. Separation: = 1.46 miles; C = 14.4 miles. Distance (LY): 224 Total luminosity (Suns): Zone 78, Map 5 Double Stars Easy Omega 1 Cyg 45 Cyg; ur 669; DS 13932; HD ; SO Rating: 3 E Position: IV W Y 1878: measurements. Star is a spectroscopic binary that rotates at 184 kps. C8 at 104x. Rich field

44 Diameter: = 16.2 inches. Separation: = 76.7 miles. Distance (LY): 870 Total luminosity (Suns): 670 Omega 2 Cyg 46 Cyg; Ruchba; H 694; South 756HD ; SO Rating: 3 E Position: M2 III W Y 1825: measurements. The primary is an infra-red source. The stars share common proper motion. urnham found a 13.5m star at 343. Diameter: = 66.0 inches. Separation: = 36.8 miles. Distance (LY): 404 Total luminosity (Suns): 91 h1524 DS 13904; HD Rating: 4 E Position: G5 Y : measurements. This system may be optical as Hipparcos shows different distances (157 and 26 light years). The Tycho-2 Catalogue indicates a single star entry

45 C11 at 115x. South 755 HD ; SO Rating: 4 E Position: W = 1985 ro 1825: measurements. The primary is an infra-red source. Hipparcos/Tycho data show different distances for these stars; they may be optical. However, the stars exhibit common proper motion. C8 at 83x. The field is like a sparse open cluster. Diameter: = 6.42 inches. Separation: = 43.4 miles. Distance (LY): 463 Total luminosity (Suns): 37 Espin 2696 Rating: 4 E Position: W W 1 measurement. The Tycho-2 Catalog indicates a single star entry

46 C11 at 115x. It lies 6 min N of an 8m star. Scale Model (in which the Sun is a baseball): Component Diameter, in Distance, mi 4.73 na Diameter: = 4.73 inches. Separation: = 36.6 miles. Distance (LY): 2,170 Total luminosity (Suns): 62 Espin 88 DS 14095; HD ; SO Rating: 4 E Position: G5 Y = 127 = 1918 W 1901: measurements. This system may be optical as Hipparcos shows different distances (191 and 57 light years). C11 at 115x. Holden 39 DS 14072; HD ; SO Rating: 5 E Position: V W ?

47 1881: measurements. C8 at 83x. Diameter: = 9.00 inches. Separation: = 6.96 miles. Distance (LY): 580 Total luminosity (Suns): Moderate Espin 2694 DS 13831; HD ; SO Rating: 5 M Position: V W ? 1 measurement. C8 at 83x. Moderate field. Diameter: = 10.2 inches. Separation: = 11.0 miles. Distance (LY): 620 Total luminosity (Suns):

48 h1558 DS Rating: 5 M Position: W ro 1 measurement. C11 at 115x. The field is sparse here. Distance (LY): 530 Total luminosity (Suns): 4.38 Zone 78, Map 6 Double Stars Easy all 49 U Cyg; HD ; SO Rating: 3 E Position: R8 ro!! = 1991 W 1878: measurements quadrant reversal (the WDS shows pa 231). is a Mira-type variable

49 This system may be optical as Hipparcos shows different distances (2,940 and 900 light years). C11 at 115x. Gorgeous color in U Cyg! STF 2707 DS 14100; SO Rating: 3 E Position: W W C V 1832: measurements. Hipparcos/Tycho data show different distances for these stars; they may be optical. The stars have a small difference in proper motion. C 1832: measurements. Espin found a companion to of 12.23m in 1912, at 191. C8 at 83x. Faint but rich field. Diameter: = 6.10 inches. Separation: = 46.3 miles; C = 116 miles. Distance (LY): 1,350 Total luminosity (Suns):

50 h1510 h1511; Espin 29; DS 13771; SO Rating: 4 E Position: F5 W No C No D W E W 1900: measurements. C 1900: measurements. D 1900: measurements. E 1901: measurements. Opik also measures a wide pair 5' in 90@ from D: 230@ +/-, 35" +/-, C8 at 104x. 9m pair lies 3 min E. Rich field. Diameter: = 14.0 inches. Separation: = 2.89 miles; C = 3.39 miles; D = 19.3 miles; E = 36.0 miles. Distance (LY): 403 Total luminosity (Suns): 4 Espin 665 DS Rating: 5 E Position: W O

51 1908: measurements. C11 at 115x. Very nice field! Distance (LY): 570 Total luminosity (Suns): 4.11 ur 1489 Hipparcos 2940 (a); HD ; SO Rating: 5 E Position: pSi W = No C = 17 = 1921 W 1991: measurements. C 1913: measurements. C11 at 115x. Diameter: = 4.27 inches. Separation: = 1,162 feet; C = 88.5 miles. Distance (LY): 481 Total luminosity (Suns): 91 OSS 208 HD ; SO Rating: 5 E Position: K0 Y W

52 1876: measurements. Hipparcos/Tycho data show different distances for these stars (323 and 480 light years); they may be optical. C8 at 104x. Extremely rich field. Moderate h1513 DS 13801; HD ; SO Rating: 5 M Position: W W 1892: measurements. C8 at 104x. Very rich field. Diameter: = 4.38 inches. Separation: = 49.5 miles. Distance (LY): 2,300 Total luminosity (Suns): 209 Difficult Espin 89 DS 14100; HD ; SO Rating: 5 D Position: G5 W W

53 1901: measurements. C8 at 104x. Diameter: = 17.6 inches. Separation: = 9.55 miles. Distance (LY): 369 Total luminosity (Suns): Zone 78, Map 7 Double Stars Easy rgelander 41 DS 14378; HD ; SO Rating: 3 E Position: F0 W F W 1901: measurements. C8 at 104x

54 Holden 41 DS 14272; HD ; SO Rating: 4 E Position: K0 Y No C bw 1881: measurements. C 1881: measurements. C8 at 104x. It is the NE vertex of a small 9m-10m right triangle. Diameter: = 25.0 inches. Separation: = 7.10 miles; C = 17.4 miles. Distance (LY): 1,300 Total luminosity (Suns): 108 Espin 995 DS 14210; HD ; SO Rating: 5 E Position: W ? 1 measurement. C8 at 104x. It lies 10 min S of a nice asterism of four 8m-9m stars. Rich field

55 Diameter: = 6.37 inches. Separation: = 8.47 miles. Distance (LY): 590 Total luminosity (Suns): 12 Zone 78, Map 8 Double Stars Easy rgelander 39 DS 14194; HD ; SO Rating: 2 E Position: K5 O ! 1994 K0 do 1899: measurements. The stars have different proper motions and Hipparcos gives different distances (259 and 150 light years). There are several very, very faint comes. C8 at 163x. I used the MicroGuide and obtained 183. John Ryan (Salamanca, Spain), using an 8" SCT and MicroGuide, measured 13.3" at 178 on 08/08/00. See the sketch on the next page

56 rgelander 39 Double star; O, do; 8.4 / 8.8; 176 Observed with C11 on 7/24/03 Magnification: 98x Espin 94 DS 14345; HD ; SO Rating: 4 E Position: F7 V Y W C No C 2.4 = No 1899: measurements. C 1901: measurements

57 C8 at 104x. 10.2m star lies 90" away in pa 45. Diameter: = 3.90 inches. Separation: = 190 miles. Distance (LY): 1,200 Total luminosity (Suns): 312 ur 365 DS 14302; HD ; SO Rating: 5 E Position: F0 W ? 1892: measurements. C8 at 83x. Diameter: = 10.4 inches. Separation: = 12.4 miles. Distance (LY): 520 Total luminosity (Suns):

58 Moderate STF 2732 DS 14336; HD ; SO Rating: 3 M Position: Vnp W V G 1831: measurements. C8 at 83x. Diameter: = 10.2 inches; = 8.10 inches. Separation: = 5.17 miles. Distance (LY): 790 Total luminosity (Suns): 170 STF 2741 DS 14504; HD ; SO Rating: 3 M Position: V Y C = 1925 No 1830: 33. Over 100 measurements. C 1879: measurements. C8 at 206x

59 Diameter: = 10.2 inches. Separation: = 4.29 miles; C = 271 miles. Distance (LY): 1,250 Total luminosity (Suns): Cyg Rating: 5 M ur 675DS 14189; HD ; SO Position: V yw No C ? D ? E = 1957 No 1878: measurements. C 1878: measurements. D 1878: measurements. E 1899: measurements. C8 at 83x. Diameter: = 13.2 inches. Separation: = 4.45 miles; C = 37.0 miles; D = 46.8 miles. Distance (LY): 920 Total luminosity (Suns):

60 Difficult ur 366 Dembowski 23; DS 14331; HD Rating: 4 D Position: W = Y C = 1984 bw 1876: measurements. C 1876: measurements. C has an 11.20m companion at 5 (1963). C8 at 280x. Moderate field. Diameter: = 6.24 inches. Separation: = 950 feet; C = 6.60 miles. Distance (LY): 83 Total luminosity (Suns): ur 155 DS 14370; HD ; SO Rating: 5 D Position: F0 O O C ? D = 1917?

61 1876: measurements. C 1885: measurements. D 1880: measurements. C8 at 516x. C11 at 560x. W and W for, which I rated a "2" by themselves. Very nice pair. The field here is also very nice, with a nice little clump of stars just E of u 155. Diameter: = 9.69 inches. Separation: =2,587 feet; C = 9.83 miles; D = 122 miles. Distance (LY): 394 Total luminosity (Suns):

62 Zone 78, Map 9 Double Stars Easy OS 411 DS 14190; HD ; SO Rating: 3 E Position: G2 V Y ! 1964? 1845: measurements. C8 at 83x. Very rich field-- almost like a loose open cluster. Diameter: = 3.30 inches. Separation: = X=6.81 miles. Distance (LY): 182 Total luminosity (Suns): 2.6 rgelander 40 DS 14371; SO Rating: 3 E Position: W F W 1902: measurements

63 C11 at 115x. This pair is one vertex of a small 10m triangle. Diameter: = 8.78 inches; = 14.5 inches. Separation: = 4.10 miles. Distance (LY): 286 Total luminosity (Suns): Cyg Rating: 4 E V1661 Cyg; h1581; DS 14337; HD ; SO Position: Ie W = 1934 bw measurements. It is a member of the Cyg O7 ssociation. C8 at 83x. Diameter: = 13.8 inches. Separation: = 74.8 miles. Distance (LY): 2,250 Total luminosity (Suns): 4,

64 Hipparcos 2979 HD ; SO Rating: 3 M Position: V W = 333 = 1998? 1991: measurements. C11 at 339x. Diameter: = 9.00 inches. Separation: = 4.90 miles. Distance (LY): 1,210 Total luminosity (Suns): 116 Moderate ur 250 DS 14350; HD ; SO Rating: 4 M Position: Ve yw ? 1875: 8 measurements. This star is an old disk population runaway star. C8 at 83x. Extremely rich field

65 Diameter: = 12.6 inches. Separation: = 27.6 miles. Distance (LY): 920 Total luminosity (Suns): 202 OS 422 DS 14411; HD ; SO Rating: 4 M Position: II W W 1846: measurements. C8 at 280x. Scale Model (in which the Sun is a baseball): Component Diameter, in Distance, mi 48.0 na Diameter: = 48.0 inches; = 4.58 inches. Separation: = 6.69 miles. Distance (LY): 1,650 Total luminosity (Suns): 245 lpha Cyg Rating: 5 M Deneb, "the hen's tail"; DS 14172; HD ; SO 49941; H N 73 Position: I W = 1924?

66 1879 (Espin): measurements. Deneb is a member of the Cyg O7 ssociation and is shedding mass at the rate of 3 ten-billionths suns a year. It is 25 times as massive as the Sun and has a surface temperature of 9,700 o K. It is also an infra-red source. It is probably the star that lights the North merica Nebula (70 light years away). From James Kaler's Star Deneb, simply put, is one of the truly great stars of our Galaxy. It serves a three-fold role among the constellations. Its very name tells its first role. "Deneb" is from an rabic word meaning "tail," as this first magnitude star, the 17th brightest as it appears in our sky, represents the tail of Cygnus the Swan. The reversal of the constellation makes the asterism of the Northern Cross, with Deneb now at the top, the cross seen rising on its side in early northern summer, standing upright in the west in early winter evenings. Deneb also makes the western apex of the famed Summer Triangle, which also incorporates Vega and ltair. ll three of these white stars have similar surface temperatures, Vega, at 9,500 Kelvin, the warmest. Though Vega and ltair are really quite luminous, they are first magnitude primarily because they are close to us, averaging only 25 light years away. Deneb's luminosity makes it about the intrinsically brightest star of its kind (that is, in its temperature class) in the entire Galaxy. If placed at the distance of Vega, Deneb would shine as bright as a well-developed crescent Moon. Deneb is a true supergiant, its diameter, calculated from its temperature and luminosity, is 200 times that of the Sun. If it were placed at the center of our Solar System, it would extend to the orbit of the Earth. While far from the largest star in the Galaxy, Deneb is one of the biggest of its kind. It is evolving and has stopped fusing hydrogen in its core. Just what it is doing, however, we do not know. Having begun its life as a star of some 25 solar masses, its fate is almost certainly to explode sometime within the next couple of million years. The star is constant in its light, but its spectrum, its light as seen when stretched into a rainbow, is slightly variable. It is among the most magnificent stars you can see with the unaided eye. C8 at 206x. Use averted vision. Diameter: = 600 inches! Separation: = 376 miles. Distance (LY): 3,200 Total luminosity (Suns): 250,

67 Difficult h1597 Espin 95; DS Rating: 5 D Position: W ? 1901: measurements. C8 at 280x. Extremely rich field (the open cluster NGC 6991). Deep Sky Easy arkanova 1 Rating: 3 E Position: Type : OC Class: III 2 m Magnitude : 9.0 Dimensions: 20' Cluster population: 12 C11 at 98x. scattered gropu in a very rich field. More or less round. I counted 36 stars, the brightest being 8.3m. C11 at 98x. large and spread out group with a very wide range in magnitudes. It is embedded in the North merica nebulosity, which was clearly seen

68 Moderate NGC 6989 Other Names: H VIII 82 Rating: 4 M Position: Type : Oc Magnitude : 12.5 Dimensions: 10' Cluster population: 17 Probably an asterism. (The blue POSS print shows it as a star cloud.) C8 at 83x. Four foreground stars are hard on the seeing. Difficult NGC 6991 stronomical League Program: Herschel II Club Rating: 4 D Position: Type : Oc Magnitude : 13.0 Dimensions: 5' C11 at 115x with broadband filter. Very very faint and grainy look. fter adapting to the view, I could resolve 6 stars in a zig-zag line. Distance: light years Luminosity: 3 Suns

69 IC 5076 Rating: 5 D Position: Type : Gn Class: R Dimensions: 7' C8 at 83x. Very rich field

70 Zone 78 Mini-Catalog Double Stars Designation Position Rating Map Component Mag Separation P OS 404 rej E rgelander E ! 26 Cyg E 2 C D E Omicron 1 Cyg E 3 STF E 1 Hough E 1 Omicron 2 Cyg E 3 STF E 3 Espin E 1 Espin E 2 all E 6 STF E 4 Omega 1 Cyg E 5 Omega 2 Cyg E 5 STF E 6 OS E 9 rgelander E 7 rgelander E 9 Hipparcos E 3 C C D C C !! = = !! = ? = !

71 Designation Position Rating Map Component Mag Separation P h E 2 C = 187 -? 27.5 = STF E = 7.02 Espin E 2 Espin E 2 h E 6 Franks E 4 h E 5 South E 5 Espin E 5 Espin E 4 Espin E 5 Espin E 4 Holden E 7 55 Cyg E 9 Espin E 8 STF E 2 ur E 1 Engelmann E 1 ur E 6 Espin E 6 C C D E C C C C C C C: = C: 2.4 = = = 118 = C: = = = 26 = = 13 + C: =

72 Designation Position Rating Map Component Mag Separation P OSS E Holden E Espin E ur E Espin M M STF M 4 C D STF M 8 Hipparcos M 9 STF M 8 ur M 9 OS M 9 h M 3 Stein M 1 Espin M 3 Engelmann M 2 h M 6 Espin M M 4 h M 5 lpha Cyg M 9 C C C D E C = ! = ! ! =

73 Designation Position Rating Map Component Mag Separation P 51 Cyg M 8 C D = 7.99 STF D 2 h D 4 ur D 8 C D 2 Espin D 6 ur D 8 h D 9 C C C D E C D ?? = = Deep Sky Objects Specifications Surface Object Position Rating Map Type Mag r Population arkanova E 9 OC (III 2 m) NGC M 9 Oc () NGC M 3 Pn (2b) 12.5 NGC D 9 Oc () 13.0 IC D 9 Gn (R)