Open Clusters. Open Clusters 1
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- Norma Brown
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1 Open Clusters Open clusters (also known as galactic clusters) are of tremendous importance to the science of astronomy, if not to astrophysics and cosmology generally. Star clusters serve as the "laboratories" of astronomy, with stars now all at nearly the same distance and all created at essentially the same time. Each cluster thus is a running experiment, where we can observe the effects of composition, age, and environment. We are hobbled by seeing only a snapshot in time of each cluster, but taken collectively we can understand their evolution, and that of their included stars. These clusters are also important tracers of the Milky Way and other parent galaxies. They help us to understand their current structure and derive theories of the creation and evolution of galaxies. Just as importantly, starting from just the Hyades and the Pleiades, and then going to more distance clusters, open clusters serve to define the distance scale of the Milky Way, and from there all other galaxies and the entire universe. However, there is far more to the study of star clusters than that. Anyone who has looked at a cluster through a telescope or binoculars has realized that these are objects of immense beauty and symmetry. Whether a cluster like the Pleiades seen with delicate beauty with the unaided eye or in a small telescope or binoculars, or a cluster like NGC 7789 whose thousands of stars are seen with overpowering wonder in a large telescope, open clusters can only bring awe and amazement to the viewer. These sights are available to all. Whether a large or small telescope is used, whether one observes with only binoculars or the unaided eye, or whether one observes from a dark sky location or a light-polluted city, these clusters are there waiting on any clear night for us to take a look. Most of the catalogs used for this list are more obscure than the NGC and IC catalogs. However obscure these catalogs are, they contain many wonderful objects that are visible in the smallest of telescopes. By observing out of unfamiliar catalogs, the observer will see clusters that are generally overlooked because of their unfamiliar catalog names. The list contains 125 select objects from these catalogs and was compiled by the Astroleague. Open Clusters 1
2 Abbreviation Berk Tr Cr NGC IC Ru Mel Steph DoDz M Catalog Name King Dolidze Stock Biurakan Harvard French Tombaugh Berkeley Trumpler Collinder New General Catalogue Index Catalogue Ruprecht Melotte Stephenson Dolidze Dzimselejsvili Messier Open Clusters 2
3 Open Clusters Object Other Name RA (2000) Dec (2000) Con Mag Berk 58 00h 00m 12s +60º 56.5' Cas 9.7 Berk 59 00h 02m 10s +67º 25.2' Cep - King 13 00h 10m 10s +61º 11.0' Cas - Berk 2 00h 25m 15s +60º 23.3' Cas - King 14 00h 31m 54s +63º 10.0' Cas 8.5 NGC 225 Caroline's Cluster 00h 43m 36s +61º 46.0' Cas 7.0 King 16 00h 43m 42s +64º 11.0' Cas 10.3 NGC h 47m 30s +85º 14.5' Cep 8.1 NGC 581 M103 01h 33m 22s +60º 39.5' Cas 7.4 Tr 1 Cr 15 01h 35m 40s +61º 17.2' Cas 8.1 Cr h 45m 45s +71º 48.6' Cas 5.7 Stock 4 01h 52m 42s +57º 04.0' Per - Cr 26 IC h 32m 42s +61º 27.4' Cas 6.5 Tr 2 Cr 29 02h 36m 53s +55º 54.9' Per 5.9 NGC h 42m 36s +61º 35.7' Cas 6.7 DODZ 1 02h 47m 27s +17º 15.3' Ari 7.1 IC h 51m 11s +60º 24.1' Cas 6.5 Cr 34 02h 59m 23s +60º 34.0' Cas 6.8 Tr 3 Cr 36 03h 12m 00s +63º 11.0' Cas 7.0 Stock 23 Pazmino's Cluster 03h 16m 10s +60º 06.9' Cam - NGC h 31m 40s +37º 22.5' Per 6.7 IC h 44m 34s +32º 09.8' Per 7.3 Tombaugh 5 03h 47m 44s +59º 05.4' Cam 8.4 NGC h 49m 27s +52º 39.3' Per 6.6 King 7 03h 59m 10s +51º 46.8' Per - NGC h 04m 32s +52º 39.7' Per 9.6 NGC h 07m 50s +62º 19.9' Cam 6.9 NGC h 48m 29s +10º 55.8' Ori 6.4 NGC h 03m 36s +23º 49.0' Tau 6.1 NGC h 10m 46s +16º 30.8' Tau 7.0 NGC h 11m 40s +47º 41.7' Aur 10 NGC h 22m 46s +33º 25.2' Aur 7.5 NGC 1912 M38 05h 28m 43s +35º 51.3' Aur 6.4 DODZ 3 05h 33m 30s +26º 31.0' Tau - Cr 69 Lambda Ori Cluster 05h 35m 00s +09º 56.0' Ori 2.8 NGC h 35m 12s -04º 26.0' Ori 4.2 DODZ 4 05h 35m 54s +25º 57.0' Tau - Open Clusters 3
4 Object Other Name RA (2000) Dec (2000) Con Mag NGC h 02m 56s +10º 26.8' Ori 9.4 NGC h 07m 26s +24º 05.8' Gem 8.6 NGC h 08m 25s +13º 57.9' Ori 5.9 NGC h 27m 15s -04º 45.5' Mon 4.2 NGC h 32m 19s +04º 51.4' Mon 4.8 Ru 1 06h 36m 24s -14º 09.0' CMa - Ru 3 06h 42m 06s -29º 27.2' CMa - Biurakan 9 Berk 30 06h 57m 46s +03º 13.7' Mon - Ru 7 06h 57m 50s -13º 13.2' CMa - NGC h 14m 31s -10º 16.0' Mon 7.1 Tr 6 Cr h 26m 23s -24º 12.7' CMa 10.0 Tr 7 Cr h 27m 21s -23º 58.0' Pup 7.9 NGC 2422 M47 07h 36m 36s -14º 29.0' Pup 4.4 Mel 71 Cr h 37m 30s -12º 03.1' Pup 7.1 NGC h 40m 46s -31º 41.5' Pup 6.9 NGC h 47m 35s -27º 11.7' Pup 8.3 Tr 9 Cr h 55m 40s -25º 53.2' Pup 8.7 NGC 2548 M48 08h 13m 44s -05º 45.0' Hya 5.8 NGC 2632 M44 08h 40m 22s +19º 40.2' Cnc 3.1 NGC 2682 M67 08h 51m 24s +11º 49.0' Cnc 6.9 Dolidze 27 16h 36m 30s -08º 56.0' Oph - Tr 26 Cr h 28m 30s -29º 29.8' Oph 9.5 Cr h 31m 31s -34º 00.6' Sco 9.8 NGC h 34m 42s -32º 34.9' Sco 5.5 Tr 27 Cr h 36m 13s -33º 29.3' Sco 6.7 Tr 28 Cr h 36m 59s -32º 28.4' Sco 7.7 NGC h 44m 18s -32º 21.0' Sco 5.7 Cr h 46m 19s -29º 20.1' Sgr 8.8 IC h 46m 12s +05º 43.0' Oph 4.2 NGC 6475 M7 17h 53m 46s -34º 47.1' Sco 3.3 NGC h 03m 25s -27º 53.5' Sgr 7.6 NGC 6530 NGC h 04m 25s -24º 23.2' Sgr 4.6 DODZ 9 18h 08m 48s +31º 32.0' Her - Tr 32 18h 17m 10s -13º 20.6' Ser 12.2 NGC h 18m 06s -12º 13.0' Ser 6.5 Tr 33 Cr h 24m 39s -19º 43.9' Sgr 7.8 NGC h 33m 28s -10º 24.1' Sct 8.9 Tr 35 Cr h 43m 00s -04º 13.5' Sct 9.2 NGC 6694 M26 18h 45m 15s -09º 23.1' Sct 8.0 Open Clusters 4
5 Object Other Name RA (2000) Dec (2000) Con Mag NGC 6705 M11 18h 51m 04s -06º 16.2' Sct 5.8 NGC h 51m 30s +10º 20.0' Aql 6.7 Ru h 52m 30s -21º 04.9' Sgr - Berk 80 18h 54m 21s -01º 13.2' Aql - Steph 1 18h 54m 31s +36º 54.0' Lyr 3.8 NGC h 54m 34s -19º 54.5' Sgr 7.5 Berk 82 19h 11m 20s +13º 06.7' Aql - NGC h 16m 18s -16º 19.5' Sgr - NGC h 20m 53s +37º 46.4' Lyr 9.5 NGC h 23m 13s +22º 09.4' Vul - King 25 19h 24m 30s +13º 42.0' Aql - NGC h 27m 00s +25º 05.6' Vul - Berk 47 19h 28m 27s +17º 21.9' Sge - NGC h 37m 10s +46º 22.5' Cyg 6.8 Cr h 38m 22s +00º 20.7' Aql 7.0 NGC h 41m 18s +40º 11.0' Cyg 7.3 NGC h 43m 10s +23º 18.0' Vul 7.1 Harvard 20 19h 53m 10s +18º 21.4' Sge 7.7 NGC h 06m 27s +35º 47.4' Cyg 5.2 Biurakan 2 20h 09m 14s +35º 29.0' Cyg 6.3 NGC 6885 NGC h 12m 01s +26º 28.7' Vul - IC h 16m 32s +37º 38.6' Cyg 7.3 Berk 85 20h 18m 47s +37º 45.3' Cyg - Berk 86 20h 20m 21s +38º 42.0' Cyg 7.9 Berk 87 20h 21m 35s +37º 23.5' Cyg - NGC h 23m 12s +40º 46.7' Cyg 7.4 Cr h 23m 18s +41º 42.0' Cyg 10.1 Dolidze 9 20h 25m 33s +41º 54.4' Cyg - Berk 90 20h 35m 16s +46º 50.7' Cyg - French 1 21h 07m 22s +16º 17.9' Del - IC h 12m 07s +47º 46.0' Cyg 8.8 Berk 55 21h 16m 57s +51º 45.5' Cyg - NGC h 24m 30s +36º 30.0' Cyg 7.0 IC h 39m 00s +57º 30.0' Cep 3.5 NGC h 45m 09s +65º 46.5' Cep 9.3 NGC h 05m 08s +46º 29.0' Lac 7.7 IC h 10m 30s +52º 50.0' Lac 9.0 NGC h 12m 24s +57º 16.4' Cep 7.7 King 9 22h 15m 31s +54º 24.6' Lac - Open Clusters 5
6 Object Other Name RA (2000) Dec (2000) Con Mag Berk 94 22h 22m 53s +55º 52.5' Cep 8.7 Berk 96 22h 29m 51s +55º 24.4' Lac - King 18 22h 52m 08s +58º 18.7' Cep - NGC h 55m 06s +57º 05.7' Cep - King 10 22h 55m 00s +59º 10.0' Cep - King 19 23h 08m 18s +60º 31.0' Cep 9.2 NGC h 11m 04s +60º 34.1' Cep 7.9 NGC h 30m 07s +49º 08.0' And 5.6 King 21 23h 49m 54s +62º 42.0' Cas 9.6 King 12 23h 53m 00s +61º 57.0' Cas 9.0 Open Clusters 6
7 Open Cluster Observing Log (1) Object Date Object Date Berk 58 NGC 1912 Berk 59 DODZ 3 King 13 Cr 69 Berk 2 NGC 1981 King 14 DODZ 4 NGC 225 NGC 2141 King 16 NGC 2158 NGC 188 NGC 2169 NGC 581 NGC 2232 Tr 1 NGC 2244 Cr 463 Ru 1 Stock 4 Ru 3 Cr 26 Biurakan 9 Tr 2 Ru 7 NGC 1027 NGC 2353 DODZ 1 Tr 6 IC 1848 Tr 7 Cr 34 NGC 2422 Tr 3 Mel 71 Stock 23 NGC 2439 NGC 1342 NGC 2453 IC 348 Tr 9 Tombaugh 5 NGC 2548 NGC 1444 NGC 2632 King 7 NGC 2682 NGC 1496 Dolidze 27 NGC 1502 Tr 26 NGC 1662 Cr 333 NGC 1746 NGC 6383 NGC 1807 Tr 27 NGC 1798 Tr 28 NGC 1893 NGC 6416 Open Clusters 7
8 Open Cluster Observing Log (2) Object Date Object Date Cr 347 Biurakan 2 IC 4665 NGC 6885 NGC 6475 IC 4996 NGC 6520 Berk 85 NGC 6530 Berk 86 DODZ 9 Berk 87 Tr 32 NGC 6910 NGC 6604 Cr 421 Tr 33 Dolidze 9 NGC 6649 Berk 90 Tr 35 French 1 NGC 6694 IC 1369 NGC 6705 Berk 55 NGC 6709 NGC 7063 Ru 146 IC 1396 Berk 80 NGC 7142 Steph 1 NGC 7209 NGC 6716 IC 1434 Berk 82 NGC 7235 NGC 6774 King 9 NGC 6791 Berk 94 NGC 6793 Berk 96 King 25 King 18 NGC 6800 NGC 7423 Berk 47 King 10 NGC 6811 King 19 Cr 401 NGC 7510 NGC 6819 NGC 7686 NGC 6823 King 21 Harvard 20 King 12 NGC 6871 Open Clusters 8
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