Representation and Time. The Medium is the Message: 1. Photography to Film 2. Real or Represented 3. Performance and Action

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Harold Parsons
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1 Representation and Time The Medium is the Message: 1. Photography to Film 2. Real or Represented 3. Performance and Action 1

LEONARDO DA VINCI, Last Supper (uncleaned), ca. 1495 1498.

2 LEONARDO DA VINCI, Last Supper (uncleaned), ca Fresco (oil and tempera on 2 plaster), x Refectory, Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan.

LEONARDO DA VINCI, Last Supper (cleaned), ca. 1495 1498.

3 LEONARDO DA VINCI, Last Supper (cleaned), ca Fresco (oil and tempera on plaster), x Refectory, Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan. 3

4 One point perspective imagines a stopped moment in time. Seen by one person from one view. 4

5 Louis Jacques Daguerre, Le Boulevard du Temple, 1839, Daguerreotype. Bayerisches Nationalmuseum, Munich. 5

HONORÉ DAUMIER, Nadar Raising Photography to the Height of Art, 1862. Lithograph, 10 3/4 x 8 3/4.

6 HONORÉ DAUMIER, Nadar Raising Photography to the Height of Art, Lithograph, 10 3/4 x 8 3/4. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. This Lithograph indicates the impact of Photography on French Society 6

THOMAS EAKINS, The Gross Clinic, 1875. Oil on canvas, 8 x 6 6.

7 THOMAS EAKINS, The Gross Clinic, Oil on canvas, 8 x 6 6. Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia. An Attempt to make Paintings more Real. 7

8 8 JOSIAH JOHNSON HAWES and ALBERT SANDS SOUTHWORTH, Early Operation under Ether, Massachusetts General Hospital, ca Daguerreotype. Massachusetts General Hospital Archives and Special Collections, Boston.

9 Realism: art about real people in real life. 9

10 The Medium is the Message: 1. Photography to Film 10

11 EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE, Man Tumbling, Collotype print. George Eastman House, Rochester, New York. 11

12 EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE, Horse Galloping, Collotype print. George Eastman House, Rochester, New York. 12

13 Thomas Edison, Fred Ott s Sneeze, Kinetoscope Record of a Sneeze, 1894 Edison patented the kinetoscope (invented by his assistant, W.K.L. Dickson), a devise for viewing moving pictures, in It was an immediate success. This was the one of the first moving pictures. 13

14 Monet, Haystack At Sunset, Oil on canvas, 1891 painted as a series. This is one of many paintings of haystacks at different times of the day. 14

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GEORGES BRAQUE, The Portuguese, 1911. Oil on canvas, 3 10 1/8 x 2 8.

17 GEORGES BRAQUE, The Portuguese, Oil on canvas, /8 x 2 8. Öffentliche Kunstsammlung Basel, Kunstmuseum, Basel (gift of Raoul La Roche, 1952). 17

MARCEL DUCHAMP, Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2, 1912. Oil on canvas, approx.

18 MARCEL DUCHAMP, Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2, Oil on canvas, approx x Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia (Louise and Walter Arensberg Collection). 18

SALVADOR DALÍ, The Persistence of Memory, 1931.

19 SALVADOR DALÍ, The Persistence of Memory, Oil on canvas, 9 1/2 x 1 1. Museum of Modern Art, New York (given anonymously). 19

20 Marcel Duchamp, kinetic art, images attached to a turntable, as it spins, the image appears to move. 20

21 JACKSON POLLOCK, Number 1, 1950 (Lavender Mist), 1950.

21 21 JACKSON POLLOCK, Number 1, 1950 (Lavender Mist), Oil, enamel, and aluminum paint on canvas, 7 3 x National Gallery of Art, Washington (Ailsa Mellon Bruce Fund).

22 Photo of Jackson Pollock painting. The film and stills from the film by Hans Namuth, provided a new context for painting as an action defined by the movement of the artist across the surface of the canvas. The painting itself could be seen as merely the evidence of the action an artifact. The real art was in the act of making something that happened in duration. 22

23 4 33 John Cage sound event, silence, 4 minutes 33 seconds, 1953 the three movements are performed without a single note being played. The content of 4 33 is meant to be perceived as the sounds of the environment that the listeners hear while it is performed, rather than merely as four minutes and thirty three seconds of silence." 23

The visitors, whose tickets directed them to specified seats in each room at particular times and with strictly

24 Allan Kaprow, "18 Happenings in 6 parts" -- presented in October 1959 at the Reuben Gallery on Fourth Avenue in New York. He had divided the space into three rooms with clear plastic walls. The visitors, whose tickets directed them to specified seats in each room at particular times and with strictly choreographed movements, witnessed, among other events, a girl squeezing oranges, an artist lighting matches and painting, and an orchestra of toy instruments. 24

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Quang Duc, a seventy-three-year-old Buddhist monk, soaked himself in gasoline and set himself on fire, burning to death in front of thousands of onlookers at a main highway intersection in Saigon,

26 Quang Duc, a seventy-three-year-old Buddhist monk, soaked himself in gasoline and set himself on fire, burning to death in front of thousands of onlookers at a main highway intersection in Saigon, Vietnam on June 11, He was protesting against the American backed government s discrimination against Buddhists. A group of nuns and Buddhist monks circled the burning martyr with banners that read A Buddhist Priest Burns Himself For Five Requests. 26

27 Civil Rights Protest, v=o54n7hxwohc 27

28 Andy Warhol, Empire, 1964, 16 mm black and white silent film, 8 hours 5 minutes at 16 frames per second. Shot from dusk to dawn. 28

29 watch?v=7idi_5iamrk 29

30 Yoko Ono, Cut Piece, 1965 Ono sat motionless on the stage after inviting the audience to come up and cut away her clothing 30

31 v=zfe2qhi5ix4 31

ROBERT SMITHSON, Spiral Jetty, 1970. Black rock, salt crystals, earth, red water (algae) at Great Salt Lake, Utah.

32 ROBERT SMITHSON, Spiral Jetty, Black rock, salt crystals, earth, red water (algae) at Great Salt Lake, Utah. 1,500 x 15 x 3 1/2. Estate of Robert Smithson; courtesy James Cohan Gallery, New York; collection of DIA Center for the Arts, New York. 32

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Joseph Beuys, Like America and America Likes Me 1974 Felt blankets, walking stick and gloves, fifty new copies of the Wall Street Journal were introduced each day, which the coyote urinated on.

35 Joseph Beuys, Like America and America Likes Me 1974 Felt blankets, walking stick and gloves, fifty new copies of the Wall Street Journal were introduced each day, which the coyote urinated on. Beuys regularly performed the same series of actions with his eyes continuously fixed on the coyote. At other times he would rest or gather the felt around him to suggest the figure of a shepherd with his crook. The coyote s behavior shifted throughout the three days, becoming cautious, detached, aggressive and sometimes companionable. At the end of the Action, Beuys was again wrapped in felt and returned to the airport. 35

... Art is not there to be simply understood, or we would

36 for Beuys, "Art is not there to provide knowledge in direct ways. It produces deepened perceptions of experience.... Art is not there to be simply understood, or we would have no need of art. v=e5uxaqpsjdk 36

Laurie Anderson, Duets on Ice, performed in Genoa, Italy, 1975.

37 Laurie Anderson, Duets on Ice, performed in Genoa, Italy, Also performed on the street in New York Anderson wore ice skates frozen in blocks of ice; she then proceeded to play a duet with herself on an altered violin. The piece ended as soon as the ice melted. 37

38 Nam June Paik, TV Buddha, Closed-circuit video installation with bronze sculpture, monitor, and video camera 38

39 39 MAYA YING LIN, Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Washington, D.C., Black granite, each wing 246 long.

KRZYSZTOF WODICZKO, The Homeless Projection, 1986 1987.

40 KRZYSZTOF WODICZKO, The Homeless Projection, Outdoor slide projection at the Soldiers and Sailors Civil War Memorial, Boston, organized by First Night, Boston. 40

41 ZHANG HUAN, How to Raise the Water Level in a Fishpond, 1997, China performance enacted in China, converted to video. 41

42 Andy Goldsworthy, Bolder covered with different colors of leaves. 42

43 Andy Goldsworthy, sculpture, bamboo, sticks 43

44 Goldsworthy, snow on tree, Scotland 44

45 Andy Goldsworthy, Wall, Storm King sculpture park, New York. Dry stone wall recreated to follow, not man made division but that of the trees. 45

46 The wall enters the lake on one side and appears to come out on the other. 46

47 FELIX GONZALEZ TORRES, Untitled 47

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FELIX GONZALEZ TORRES, Untitled, (lovers), 1987-91

49 FELIX GONZALEZ TORRES, Untitled, (lovers), wall clocks set to the same time. As times goes by, they do not synch with each other and eventually, a battery runs dead. Usually, one before the other. 49

50 Pipilotti Rist, Open My Glade, a project for Times Square, April 6-May 20, 2000 as part of NBC s programming, Rist s video plays every hour from 9:15 AM through 12:15 AM on the big screen in Times Square. 50

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52 Christo and Jeanne-Claude, The Gates, Central Park, New York City Jean Claude and Christo, The Gates Project, NY Central Park 52

53 26 years in the planning, 7,503 gates ran along 23 miles of pathways, 53

54 Installed, Central Park, February 12-27,

Top, installed at MOMA 2008 as part of his exhibition entitled: Take

55 Olafur Eliasson, Your strange certainty still kept, 1996, Water, light, Plexiglas, plastic, recirculating pump and wood. Top, installed at MOMA 2008 as part of his exhibition entitled: Take Your Time /olafureliasson/#/intro/ 55

Olafur Eliasson, Waterfall, part of Take Your Time exhibit, June 26-October 13, 2008. Four freestanding waterfall sculptures were constructed in New York Harbor.

56 Olafur Eliasson, Waterfall, part of Take Your Time exhibit, June 26-October 13, Four freestanding waterfall sculptures were constructed in New York Harbor. Ranging from 90 to 120 feet, they were installed at Pier 35, under the Brooklyn Bridge, Brooklyn Piers and Governor s Island. Water was pumped from 7 am to 10 pm every day. 56

57 Waterfall at night 57

58 It was there and now it s gone what s left? 58

We discussed these two diverse styles from the NY School.

We discussed these two diverse styles from the NY School. Pop reacted against the Existential self-reflection of the New York School expanding ideas of Dada. Next we will be looking at directions departing