Trade of Sheet Metalwork. Module 2: Geometry and Pattern Development Unit 4: Cones and Pyramids Phase 2

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1 Trade of Sheet Metalwork Module 2: Geometry and Pattern Development Unit 4: Cones and Pyramids Phase 2

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3 Table of Contents List of Figures... 4 List of Tables... 4 Document Release History... 5 Module 2 Geometry and Pattern Development... 6 Unit 4 Cones and Pyramids... 6 Learning Outcome:... 6 Key Learning Points:... 6 Training Resources:... 7 Exercise... 7 Key Learning Points Code:... 7 Cones and Pyramids... 9 Calculations True Length of a Line Self Assessment Index Unit 4 3

4 List of Figures Figure 1 - Radial Line Method... 8 Figure 2 - Apex and Arc Figure 3 - Completed Pattern Figure 4 - True Length of a Line Figure 5 - True Length of a Line Figure 6 - True Length of a Line List of Tables Unit 4 4

5 Document Release History Date Version Comments 26/07/06 First draft 06/03/ SOLAS transfer Unit 4 5

6 Module 2 Geometry and Pattern Development Unit 4 Cones and Pyramids Duration 12 Hours Learning Outcome: Develop right conic frustums and pyramids Define terms used in radial line development Determine true shapes of obliquely cut planes and inclined faces and Project auxiliary views Key Learning Points: D D D D Rk Rk Rk D D Elevation and half-plan layout. Auxiliary projection. True shape development. Conic and conic frustum development (Right cones). Use of radial lines. Conic terminology, (Apex, frustum...). Joint location. Slant height - True length relationship. Stretch-out arcs. Unit 4 6

7 Training Resources: Drawing instruments, equipment and materials Textbook: The Geometry of Sheet Metalwork Instructor handouts, drawings Exercise Sample exercise - Figure 1. Key Learning Points Code: M = Maths D= Drawing RK = Related Knowledge Sc = Science P = Personal Skills Sk = Skill H = Hazards Unit 4 7

8 Figure 1 - Radial Line Method Unit 4 8

9 Cones and Pyramids Cones and Pyramids can be developed by radial line or triangulation to use the radial method it is necessary to use the apex. For a right cone or pyramid the apex is directly above the centre of the cone/pyramid. The construction lines in a cone are usually numbered 0-6 and are called generators. The numbers 1-5 are false lengths, while 0 and 6 are true lengths. So when developing cones/pyramids we must be careful to project the lines 1-5 where they cut the joint lines out onto the outside of the cone. We refer to this as using the slant height. Figure 1, which is your first drawing exercise, is referred to as a frustrum, which is what we call the part of the cone we will use. Normally we never use a full cone, only a part of it and this is sometimes called the frustrum. A blowcap is one of the few times when we may use the full cone. The position of the joint is normally on the short side unless otherwise stated. It is possible to conceal the joint for the sake of appearance that consideration takes precedence over the joint being put on the short side. Unit 4 9

10 Figure 2 - Apex and Arc 1. Establish apex and swing arc OX. 2. Mark off usual 12 equal spaces. 3. Swing arc O¹X through to 6¹. Completed pattern should look like the following image: Figure 3 - Completed Pattern Note carefully how the true length is gotten for a pyramid. 4. The spigot A goes inside pipe (cone) B. B goes inside spigot C. This is to ensure maximum air flow in the direction of arrow and also to reduce any possible leaks. 5. The cone should be made so the large end fits neatly over spigot A and neatly into C. 6. The only true length lines on the elevation of the cone are OX and 6X. X3 is a false length as would the other lines from the base of the cone at 1, 2, 4, and 5. Unit 4 10

11 Calculations True Length of a Line 1 Figure 4 - True Length of a Line 1 It is required to determine the true length of the edge AB. The construction in Figure 4 shows how AB is swung round so as to give a true elevation Ab. The elevation is a view on arrow X. 2 Figure 5 - True Length of a Line 2 To obtain the true shape of the side CDEF, an elevation on X and a plan are drawn, as shown in Figure 5. The side CDEF is swung down on to the horizontal. The true lengths of CD and EF are shown as cd and Ef. Unit 4 11

12 3 Figure 6 - True Length of a Line 3 1. Determine the true length of GH. A hint is given at G on the elevation. 2. Find the length of JK, i.e. the length of the joint between the vertical vee-piece and the sloping plane. A hint is given on the plane. Unit 4 12

13 Self Assessment Unit 4 13

14 Index C Calculations, 12 True Length of a Line, 12 Cones and Pyramids, 10 Unit 4 14