Tests of three different lamp oils in two different types of lamp. Prepared by Anne Gry Hemmersam and Susanne Borg Calundann for Agowa

Transcription

1 Tests of three different lamp oils in two different types of lamp Prepared by Anne Gry Hemmersam and Susanne Borg Calundann for Agowa November 2009

2 Table of contents 1. Introduction Purpose Testing materials Standard Results and assessment... 3

3 Client Per Pedersen Agowa ApS Viaduktvej Viby J 1. Introduction The soot from three different lamp oils was measured in two different types of lamp. 2 Purpose The purpose of the test was to assess whether the lamp oils produce soot when they are tested using a well-defined method and to describe the resulting particle concentration and size distribution in the range nm. 3. Testing materials Two types of lamp, one type for indoor use and one type for outdoor use, and three different types of lamp oil were received and tested in the laboratory on 3 November Brand Agowa vegetable lamp oil, methyl ester-based lamp oil Agowa vegetable lamp oil, methyl ester-based Torch fuel Reference oil supplied by client, n-paraffin-based lamp oil 4. Standard The lamp oil was tested according to the method contained in EN 15426:2007 Candles Specification for sooting behaviour. The method was developed for the measurement of sooting from candles and does not include lamp oil, but the method was regarded as useable for the analysis of lamp oil sooting. The soot which is given off during the burning of a candles is collected on a glass plate over a defined burning period determined by the dimensions of the candle. Subsequently the reduction of light intensity due to sooting is measured using a lux meter. The lamp oil set-up is similar to a candle set-up as the most important element is the height from the fuel to the collection plate which are both standardised. See also Figure 1.

4 5. Measurement of particle concentration Particle concentration and size distribution of particles in the range nm were measurement with an SMPS (Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer) connected to a CPC (Condensation Particle Counter) both instruments from TSI. The determination of size and concentration takes place by gathering particles at the same height over the flame as for the soot test. For all tests, the probe for the collection of sample air was mounted at the same distance from the glass plate as for the soot test. The measuring period was two minutes and determination of the particle concentration and size distribution was carried out three times for each set-up. This means that the results are an average of nine measurements for each lamp and oil type. Figure 1 Set-up of all indoor lamps with Agowa lamp oil Outdoor lamp with Agowa lamp oil particle collection

5 Outdoor lamp with reference lamp oil supplied by client particle collection 6. Results and assessment Soot test Brand Individual soot index Soot index/h Agowa lamp oil Agowa lamp oil Si/h Agowa lamp oil Agowa Torch fuel Agowa Torch fuel Si/h Agowa Torch fuel client inside 3 174* client inside 2 204* 189 Si/h client inside client outside client outside Si/h client outside * only two of the burnings are included in the calculations as individual burnings vary greatly.

6 According to the EN 15426:2007 standard Candles Specification for sooting behaviour the average soot index on the tested candles may not exceed 1.0 Si/h. No individual candle may exceed 2.0 Si/h.

7 Particle concentration and size distribution Agowa lamp oil, indoors Particle concentration (#/cm³) ± 2400 Size distribution of particles Partikelkoncentration (#/cm³) Agowa Torch fuel, outdoors ± 3300 Partikelkoncentration (#/cm³) Ref. oil supplied by client, indoor Ref. oil supplied by client, outdoor ± ± Partikelkoncentration (#/cm³) Partikelkoncentration (#/cm³)

8 Agowa lamp oil, indoors Reference lamp oil, indoors Figure 2 Comparison of particle concentration in the range nm for Agowa and the reference lamp oil supplied by the client and used for indoor lamps Particle concentration (#/cm³) Particle concentration (#/cm³) Agowa Torch fuel, outdoors Reference lamp oil, outdoors Figure 3 Comparison of particle concentration in the range nm for Agowa and the reference lamp oil supplied by the client and used for outdoor lamps

9 Overall assessment The soot indices show that the Agowa lamp oil, both indoors and torch fuel, do not give rise to any significant sooting whereas the reference lamp oil supplied by the client produces significant sooting. The total particle concentration released during use of Agowa indoor and torch fuel was significantly less (by more than a factor of 10) than during use of the reference lamp oil supplied by the client. Particles released when using Agowa torch fuel were fewer than particles released during use of the reference lamp oil supplied by the client. More very small particles in the 5-20 nm range were released when using Agowa torch fuel compared to use of the reference lamp oil supplied by the client. Yours sincerely The Danish Technological Institute, Indoor Climate in partnership with Chemical and Water Technology