Emissions Cracking the Candle s Code Chemistry meets Cryptography. 2 nd World Candle Congress, Cancún, June 2007 by Dr.
|
|
- Gillian Lorena Fisher
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Emissions Cracking the Candle s Code Chemistry meets Cryptography 2 nd World Candle Congress, Cancún, June 2007 by Dr. Michael Matthäi
2 Overview General introduction Ökometric study Candle s code Conclusion 2
3 Part 1: General Introduction Enigmas are there to be cracked! Code of the Quipu of the Incas Egyptian hieroglyphics 3
4 The Aztec Calendar The Cuetzpalin, lizard of the Aztec calendar, symbolises a good day to work on reputation through action. 4
5 My Personal Involvement with an Enigma for the last 3 Years Pictograms vs. Hieroglyphics 5
6 The Candle & Science Michael Faraday, "There is not a law under which any part of this universe is governed which does not come into play and is touched upon in these phenomena. There is no better, there is no more open door by which you can enter into the study of natural philosophy than by considering the physical phenomena of a candle." 6
7 Why are Candle Emissions being Focused on? The consumer of today has the right to demand high quality products, the use of which do not present a hazard to people or the environment. Global warming has created an increase in ecological awareness for all kinds of emissions. Interest in indoor air quality has increased too Unsubstantiated claims of sooting petroleum-based candles vs. non-sooting vegetable-based ones employed as marketing tools. 7
8 Candle Studies and Reports All kinds of reports concerning candles, their combustion and harmful substances related to them have been gathered and classified: more than 120 items since 1970 Extraction of relevant reports concerning candle emissions during combustion experiments in the lab: 24 international papers since
9 Evaluated Reports ( ) 24 international papers Is there a Rosetta Stone to read the Candle s Code somewhere in them? Egyptian hieroglyphics Rosetta Stone discovered in
10 Part 2: The Ökometric Study IGI Sasol Wax 10
11 Collaborative Study The Illustrious Group of Code Crackers NCA AECM 11
12 Faced with an Enigma It may well be doubted whether human ingenuity can construct an enigma... which human ingenuity may not, by proper application, resolve. Edgar Allan Poe ( ) US short story author, editor, & poet 12
13 Purpose of the Study to Crack the Candle s Code Aim to characterize candle emissions for different materials Evaluate results against exposure limits for emitted chemicals Particular matter, investigation of particle size distribution Investigate correlations between visible and invisible emissions for different candle materials (hourly soot indexes) 13
14 Ökometric Offer Ökometric 14
15 Evaluation the Influence of Raw Materials Paraffin Wax Stearic Acid Fats Beeswax 15
16 Emission Components Burning Volatile organic components (VOC) Alkanes Benzene Aldehydes: - Formaldehyde - Acetaldehyde - Acrolein - Propionaldehyde Semi / low volatile organic components Dioxins/ Furans: - PCDD - PCDF PAH Gases e. g. CO 2 Soot / Particulate matter Amount: - mass - soot index particle size: - fine dust chemical characterisation 16
17 Money Main Limitation of the Investigation A limited number of raw materials were tested and only 2 of them were sooting systems. Additives (e. g. fragrances, dyes ) were not considered. No detailed chemical analysis of soot was undertaken. 36,000 Euro 45,000 US$ 17
18 Emission Concentrations How little is 1 ng? 1 ng = g or 1 ng has the same ratio to 1 g as 2 nickels (0.05 US$) to the weight of the Eiffel Tower 18
19 Comparison of the Raw Materials All the raw materials examined in the Ökometric study: Emit the same group of chemical substances. Have emission quantities of the same order of magnitude. Have a comparable ratio on a very low absolute level. 19
20 2.5 m = 8.2 Scenario for Evaluation 5 m = 16.4 Room volume = 5 m x 4 m x 2.5 m = 50 m³ = 1766 ft³ 4 candles, Ø top = 63 mm height = 90 mm 4 hours burning time no air exchange! 20
21 Limit Values for the Calculation Scenario AGW-values, TRGS 900: Work place limit values MAK-values: Former maximum work place levels TRK, TRGS: Former technical guidance values MIK-values: Maximum immission concentrations WHO-values: WHO air quality guideline for Europe RfC: Inhalation reference concentration STEL: Short-term Exposure Level PEL: Permissible Exposure Level LAI-values: LAI target value for air protection IRK/ALOG: Guidance value EU-values: European target values for ambient air NIK / AgBB values: Lowest concentration of interest, committee for the health oriented evaluation of building products. TRGS 21
22 Results of Evaluation There are no general indoor air quality standards available for all the relevant emitted substances. None of the considered air quality standards were exceeded, or even reached. The sooting candles show increased emission rates in some cases, but are still within the limit values. The emission increase for the sooting candles was not as high as expected. 22
23 23 Particulate Matter Results from SEM
24 Particulate Matter Energy-Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDXA) the raw material cannot be identified from the diagram 24
25 Particulate Matter Results No significant differences between the individual materials tested SEM shows primary particles (spherical) in accordance with the basic soot formation theory Particles growth through coagulation and agglomeration The experimental conditions have a very strong influence on the size of the agglomerates. The existing method to determine the particle size distribution is not suitable with the experimental set-up used. 25
26 Soot Index vs. Emission There is a correlation between the visible and invisible emissions. No exact formula yet but a marked tendency. 26
27 Our main Objective is the Production of Good Candles All the raw materials examined can be, and are, used to make good candles. 27
28 28 Part 3: The Candle s Code
29 The Candle s Code 24 international papers incl. the Ökometric study Limited comparability, repeatability Different methods Missing information (e. g. fuel flow, material, conditions) Inconsistent evaluations, limits National languages Are uniform methods necessary? 29
30 Testing Matrix Paraffin Wax Fat Stearin Beeswax Others Pure Material X X X X X Blends Colours Fragrances Lacquers Additives 30
31 The Candle s Code The riddle of the candle s code is hidden in hieroglyphics which need to be deciphered. Evaluation of the 24 papers incl. the Ökometric study. Which parameter can be used as our Rosetta Stone? Rosetta Stone 31
32 Candle System 3 1 Cn H2n 2 n O2 n CO2 n 1 H2O m Cn H2n Om n O2 n CO2 n H2O 2 2 Material burning condition Shape Wick 32
33 Example PAH: Distribution of the Results PAH *) not detectable 33
34 Example PAH: Do the Results depend on the Candle s Shape? *) not detectable 34
35 Do the Results depend on the Wick? The wick determines the fuel flow. The fuel flow determines the flame size. The fuel flow determines the carbon concentration in the flame. The fuel flow influences sooting behaviour. 35
36 Example PAH: Do the Results depend on the Sooting Behaviour? *) not detectable 36
37 Fuel Flow What happens if a candle soots? C-concentration in the flame is too high for complete combustion Fragments of the candle material gather in the flame The fragments both: accumulate to greater visible pieces visible soot react uncontrollably to a variety of different substances non visible emissions The system is, then, out of control. Conclusion: The occurrence of soot is also a clear sign for the presence of non visible emissions. 37
38 soot index/h Fuel Flow vs. Emissions 4,5 4 3,5 The wick selection determines the fuel flow. 3 2,5 2 Vcrit1 (Material 1) 1,5 1 0,5 SI > 1/h: sooting candle SI = 1/h: quality candle Vcrit2 (Material 2) fuel flow V [g/h] 38
39 The Candle s Code The fuel flow is our Rosetta Stone. The fuel flow determines the: burning time brightness flame size emissions non sooting / sooting g/hour All future investigations must evaluate the results under consideration of the fuel flow. 39
40 Part 4: Conclusion Thesis: The candle is a system. All materials tested are suitable for making good candles. The key parameter for emissions is the fuel flow. 40
41 Part 4: Conclusion Thesis: The critical fuel flow differentiates between sooting and non sooting candles. Below the critical fuel flow the emissions are far lower than air quality standards limits. Soot measurement is an adequate quick check for candle emissions too. 41
42 Formula for Success Everything High quality should raw be materials made as simple as + Candle possible, know-how but not (e. simpler. g. wick selection) Albert Einstein, On going quality control (e. g. soot test) = Quality Candles which pose no health threat 42
43 Candles have had, have, and will continue to have a very positive image. Enjoy them.
44 The Don t Temple Forget of to Ramses be Proud II with of and Seated Enjoy Colossi your Good of Ramesses Products II at Abu Simbel 44
45 Reference I would like to thank the whole Sasol Wax Candle Team for their support with the preparation of this presentation. Especially: Helmut Gutberlet and Barbara Fertl 45
46 46 Thank you for your attention.
RESEARCH PAPERS FACULTY OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN TRNAVA, SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY IN BRATISLAVA, 2017 Volume 25, Number 40
RESEARCH PAPERS FACULTY OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN TRNAVA SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY IN BRATISLAVA 217 Volume 25, Number 4 FLAMMABILITY PARAMETERS OF CANDLES Karol BALOG, Hana KOBETIČOVÁ,
More informationECA Projects become Successes
ECA Projects become Successes Stefan Thomann Budapest, 19 May 2017 Today s Topics 1. Standardisation Commission Decision / Standardisation Mandate Revision of CEN Candle Standards 2. Joint Research Scented
More informationPRELIMINARY CHARACTERIZATION OF THE EMISSIONS FROM SCENTED TEA-LIGHT CANDLES
PRELIMINARY CHARACTERIZATION OF THE EMISSIONS FROM SCENTED TEA-LIGHT CANDLES E. Oddo, M. Derudi marco.derudi@polimi.it Politecnico di Milano, Dip. di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica G. Natta, Milano,
More informationPreliminary CFD analysis of a ventilated chamber for candles testing
Preliminary CFD analysis of a ventilated chamber for candles testing S. Favrin, G. Nano, R. Rota, M. Derudi simone.favrin@polimi.it Politecnico di Milano, Dip. di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica
More informationVegetable Derived Waxes for Candles Steve Russell Cargill Nature Wax. Alafave Latin American Conference of Candle Manufacturers June 26-28, 2002
Vegetable Derived Waxes for Candles Steve Russell Cargill Nature Wax Alafave Latin American Conference of Candle Manufacturers June 26-28, 2002 Who is Cargill? Fact List: Largest privately held company
More informationThe Candle Flame. Measuring the temperature of a flame according to the three zones model
Measuring the temperature of a flame according Dimension 2 Cross Cutting Concepts Dimension 1 Science and Engineering Practices The Candle Flame USA Standards Correlation FRAMEWORK FOR K-12 SCIENCE EDUCATION
More informationThe Candle Flame. Measuring the temperature of a flame according to the three zones model
Measuring the temperature of a flame according Objective The purpose of this activity is to relate temperature and color in a candle flame, create a hypothesis and proceed to test it using the Labidsc
More informationTests of three different lamp oils in two different types of lamp. Prepared by Anne Gry Hemmersam and Susanne Borg Calundann for Agowa
Tests of three different lamp oils in two different types of lamp Prepared by Anne Gry Hemmersam and Susanne Borg Calundann for Agowa November 2009 Table of contents 1. Introduction... 2 2. Purpose...
More information- OVERVIEW Introduction of plastic tealight cups a trip back in time.
Plastic Tealight Cups A JOURNEY THROUGH TIME 3rd World Candle Congress Disney World Orlando Florida July 8, 2010 Bob Moss SEA Ltd. - OVERVIEW Introduction of plastic tealight cups a trip back in time.
More informationAussie Soap Supplies
Aussie Soap Supplies Be Inspired to Create! Eco Soya CB-135 INSTRUCTIONS This document is the amalgamation of recommendations and information from the manufacturer of Eco Soya CB 135 and our experience
More informationFIRE FORENSICS: CLAIMS & EVIDENCE
FIRE FORENSICS: CLAIMS & EVIDENCE : 1 N O I T A G I T S E V IN E L G N A I R T E R I F E TH EDUCATOR CASE STUDY OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING S C I E N T I S T S A S K W H Y. E N G I N E E R S A S K H O W.
More informationMichael Faraday: Scientific Insights from the Burning of a Candle
Michael Faraday: Scientific Insights from the Burning of a Candle A presentation for The 3 rd World Candle Congress by Carl W. Hudson, Ph.D. Wax Technical Advisor, Retired & Winemaker 8-July-2010 M. Faraday
More informationFIRE FORENSICS: CLAIMS & EVIDENCE
FIRE FORENSICS: CLAIMS & EVIDENCE : 1 N O I T A G I T S E V IN E L G N A I R T E R I F E TH STUDENT CASE STUDY OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING S C I E N T I S T S A S K W H Y. E N G I N E E R S A S K H O W.
More informationThe Production of Natural Waxes Based Candles on Halfautomatic, Automatic and Continuously Working Molding Machines
Spezial-Maschinenfabrik Hans Kürschner GmbH & Co. KG Postfach 22 20 D-41309 Nettetal (Kaldenkirchen) Federal Republic of Germany Telefon: (+ 49) (0)2157 1215-0 Fax: (+ 49) (0)2157 1215-99 e-mail: service@kuerschner.de
More informationWhat are the benefits of palm wax?
What are the benefits of palm wax? Burns cleaner so there is minimal soot build up It is a harder wax so therefore it can withstand hot temperatures in the summer without melting or going soft. Perfect
More informationCANDLEMAKING. Introduction. Materials
CANDLEMAKING Introduction In many parts of the world, candles provide the main source of light, other than daylight. They have a number of advantages in that they are relatively cheap, self-contained and
More informationNew Technologies for Clear Air Care Applications
New Technologies for Clear Air Care Applications 1 Topics Definitions Progression of Technology How Gels are Formed Properties of Modified Polyamide Gellants Performance in Container Candles and Pillar
More informationVegetable waxes for candles
Vegetable waxes for candles Palm wax expertise to ensure a profitable, sustainable future In the competitive candles market, there are a number of challenges. In the short term, you need to control costs
More informationAssessing the environmental profile of candles from used cooking oil
Assessing the environmental profile of candles from used cooking oil Carla Caldeira 1, *, Camillo De Camillis 2, Pedro Serpa 1, Dulce Boavida 3, Filipe Duarte Santos 1 1 SIM-Systems, Instrumentation and
More informationJordan Ciccone 9 th Grade Pittsburgh Central Catholic Highschool
Jordan Ciccone 9 th Grade Pittsburgh Central Catholic Highschool *Many different purposes -Aroma -Light -Bug Repelling *Wax -Petroleum derived paraffin (C 25 H 52 ) -Beeswax, Stearic Acid, Clear Gels -Paraffin
More informationPRODUCT NAME: LAMINATED VENEER LUMBER BONDED WITH PHENOLIC FORMALDEHYDE RESIN/ADHESIVE 412 W. CENTRAL SUTHERLIN, OR
1 MURPHY ENGINEERED WOOD DIVISION MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET SECTION 1 PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION PRODUCT NAME: LAMINATED VENEER LUMBER BONDED WITH PHENOLIC FORMALDEHYDE RESIN/ADHESIVE PRODUCT
More informationPage 1 of 4 Date Jan-12 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Print Date Jan-12
Page 1 of 4 Date Jan-12 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Print Date Jan-12 1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE PRODUCT AND COMPANY Product Name: IMBIBER BEADS Absorbent Products -Blended with Polyolefin Wick and / or Sand
More informationANALYSIS OF LEAD IN CANDLE PARTICULATE EMISSIONS BY XRF USING UNIQUANT 4
Copyright (c)jcpds-international Centre for Diffraction Data 2002, Advances in X-ray Analysis, Volume 45. 539 ANALYSIS OF LEAD IN CANDLE PARTICULATE EMISSIONS BY XRF USING UNIQUANT 4 Shirley J. Wasson
More informationLABORATORY DEMONSTRATIONS AND BREAKOUT ACTIVITIES
LABORATORY DEMONSTRATIONS AND BREAKOUT ACTIVITIES Fire Protection Engineering Design Challenge Department of Fire Protection Engineering University of Maryland Last edited 11.26.2018 SECTION 1 DEMONSTRATIONS
More informationQuality. 100% Soy Wax. Phthalate-Free. Lead-Free Cotton Wicks
MEDIA KIT 2018 Made On Maui Created by Artist Jennifer J Stephens, Artful Scents is about gifting a little bit of aloha while incorporating a beautiful piece of art. Jennifer works from her studio in Kihei,
More informationStudent Laboratory Investigation The Chemistry of Combustion and Respiration. Investigation Procedure:
Student Laboratory Investigation The Chemistry of Combustion and Respiration Objective On a quiz that follows you will be asked to: 1. Demonstrate how a chemical equation is written 2. Write the equation
More informationFrequently Asked Questions on Glass under REACH GAE Position
Frequently Asked Questions on Glass under REACH GAE Position February 2018 List of questions 1. What is the nature of glass? P. 2 2. What is the composition of glass? P. 2 3. How is glass made? P. 4 4.
More informationReport No Amendment of rebate of the duty provision in terms of rebate item on palm stearin for blending with paraffin wax
Report No. 256 Amendment of rebate of the duty provision in terms of rebate item 303.01 on palm stearin for blending with paraffin wax The International Trade Administration Commission herewith presents
More informationCandle Making Made Easy!
Wings Of Success Page 1 of 1 Contents Initializing the Art of Candle Making...7 Candle Making Basics...8 Candle Making Supplies...10 Candle Making Additives...13 Operating a Successful Candle Making Business...16
More informationRespiration Review Lab
Respiration Review Lab Overview: We eat food to provide our bodies with energy. However, trying to use food molecules like glucose to run our bodies is like trying to run a car wash with a five dollar
More informationThe Australian Curriculum Science
The Australian Curriculum Science Science Table of Contents ACARA The Australian Curriculum dated Monday, 17 October 2011 2 Biological Foundation Year Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Living things
More informationThe Complete Technology Book on Candle Making & Designs
The Complete Technology Book on Candle Making & Designs Author: NIIR Board Format: Paperback ISBN: 8186623663 Code: NI40 Pages: 354 Price: Rs. 650.00 US$ 100.00 Publisher: National Institute of Industrial
More informationLOW VOC & BEYOND FORMALDEHYDE ABATEMENT PAINT AGENDA SATHISH KUMAR D NIPPON PAINT. Company Profile. Green Commitment. Next Level on Combating VOC
LOW VOC & BEYOND FORMALDEHYDE ABATEMENT PAINT SATHISH KUMAR D NIPPON PAINT AGENDA Company Profile Green Commitment Next Level on Combating VOC COMPANY PROFILE NIPPON PAINT Nippon Paint founded in Japan,
More informationBasics of Light Microscopy and Metallography
ENGR45: Introduction to Materials Spring 2012 Laboratory 8 Basics of Light Microscopy and Metallography In this exercise you will: gain familiarity with the proper use of a research-grade light microscope
More information5. Bell jar: use a high bell jar to prevent the flame from damaging either the delicate membrane of the Oxygen or the Humidity sensor.
Chemistry Sensors: Loggers: Temperature, Oxygen, Humidity Any EASYSENSE Logging time: EasyLog Teacher s notes 01 Burning a fossil fuel Read In this investigation a Humidity, Oxygen and Temperature sensor
More informationEffective Datee March Kent, WA TRADE NAME: SYNONYMS: None PHYSICAL DATA. Boiling Point.. Variable. Specific Gravity. Vapor Density...
MSDSS Wood Dust and Wood Products (Untreated) Johnson International Industries, Inc.. and Associated Affiliates WOOD DUST AND WOOD PRODUCTS (UNTREATED) MSDS INFORMATION Distributor Name and Address Johnson
More informationCandle Makers. The candle makers were responsible for providing the major source of artificial light at the Adobe.
Candle Makers The candle makers were responsible for providing the major source of artificial light at the Adobe. HISTORY Each student is to make two candles. Autumn was the usual time for candle-making
More informationUses of Alpha Olefin Waxes in Candles
Uses of Alpha Olefin Waxes in Candles Eduardo J. Baralt Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Normal Alpha Olefins Senior Research Chemist Phone: (281) 359-6584 Fax: (281) 359-6515 baralej@cpchem.com 1 Process
More informationDemonstrating the products of combustion of a hydrocarbon
Demonstrating the products of combustion of a hydrocarbon TEACHERS /TECHNICIANS NOTES Specification reference: C1.4.3 Hydrocarbon fuels (b) The combustion of hydrocarbon fuels releases energy. During combustion
More informationInstallation Instructions: Urbanline Valchromat MDF Panelling
Product Description is a Premium coloured wood product. It is a relatively high density wood fibre panel engineered to provide colour right throughout. is a natural product and therefore susceptible to
More informationNational Science Education Standards, Content Standard 5-8, Correlation with IPS and FM&E
National Science Education Standards, Content Standard 5-8, Correlation with and Standard Science as Inquiry Fundamental Concepts Scientific Principles Abilities necessary to do Identify questions that
More informationMRS. MEYER'S CLEAN DAY SCENTED SOY CANDLE - LAVENDER SCENT
MRS. MEYER'S CLEAN DAY ED SOY CANDLE - LAVENDER 1. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION Product information Product name : MRS. MEYER'S CLEAN DAY ED SOY CANDLE - LAVENDER Recommended use : Candle Manufacturer,
More informationLaboratory Test Report of. iharvey Thermal Generator
Laboratory Test Report of 2014 iharvey Thermal Generator Tested at the Sustainable energy Technology and Research (SeTAR) Centre, University of Johannesburg, a facility supported by the Global Alliance
More informationBecause Gel Wax is mainly composed of oil, you have to make sure that the fragrance oils that you are using are soluble in it. Many companies say
Gel Wax Information While many candle makers focus their attention on soy wax, palm wax, or paraffin wax candles, others choose to make transparent gel wax candles instead. Gel wax is used to make real-looking
More informationCandle 8,000 hours. Compact Fluorescent Lamps Integrated. 7W, 9W and 11W. GE Lighting DATA SHEET. Product information. Application areas.
GE Lighting Candle 8, hours DATA SHEET Compact Fluorescent Lamps Integrated 7W, 9W and 11W information The 8, hours CFL candle lamps offer traditional incandescent shape, long life and elegant light. Suitable
More informationCombustion of Nitrocellulose
Combustion of Nitrocellulose Group Assignment #1 Report MCEN 4151 Flow Visualization March 17, 2011 Travis Ochsner Group 7 Introduction For the first group assignment, my group and I had the desire to
More informationat a glance Sasol Wax is the leading specialist in innovative wax technology.
rubber & tire Sasol Wax is the leading specialist in innovative wax technology. at a glance For many decades Sasol Wax has focussed on the development and sales of paraffin waxes, micro waxes, synthetic
More informationMary Sheldon Green Forests Work
Mary Sheldon Green Forests Work Gathering Supplies Get out all the candle making supplies you need. Molds, wicks, wax, melting/pouring pot, thermometer, scale, and saucepan as double boiler. (color and
More informationCBSE Sample Paper-01 (Unsolved) SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT II SCIENCE (Theory) Class X. Time allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 90
General Instructions: CBSE Sample Paper-01 (Unsolved) SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT II SCIENCE (Theory) Class X Time allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 90 a) All questions are compulsory. b) The question paper comprises
More informationHandcrafted, sensitive 100% natural soy wax candles. Proudly owned & made in Australia
Handcrafted, environmentally sensitive 100% natural soy wax candles Proudly owned & made in Australia Available in your choice of style/container; colour; fragrance; or infusion of essential oils blend
More informationTo test for solubility:
While many candle makers focus their attention on soy wax, palm wax, or paraffin wax candles, others choose to make transparent gel wax candles instead. Gel wax is used to make real-looking beverage candles
More informationFOREWORD. In addition, the guide provides a general overview of key laws, regulations and standards impacting candle manufacturing and sales.
FOREWORD This guide is designed to provide NCA members with basic reference information on a variety of topics and issues that are frequently the subject of inquiries from consumers, customers and the
More informationBALSA WOOD (Refer also to Auszac SDS for Wood Dust) Structural core material, model making, craft items, surfboards.
BALSA WOOD (Refer also to Auszac SDS for Wood Dust) 1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE MATERIAL AND SUPPLIER Product Name Article Number Other Names Product Use Company Name Address Balsa Wood (Ochroma lagopus,
More informationspecialities -Photocatalysts in Coatings KRONOClean - TiO 2 KRONOClean 7000 TiO 2
KRONOClean - TiO 2 -Photocatalysts in Coatings KRONOClean 7000 TiO 2 photocatalyst for UV radiation and visible light KRONOClean 7050 TiO 2 photocatalyst for UV radiation Both products are eminently suitable
More informationCandle 6,000 hours. Compact Fluorescent Lamps Integrated 5W, 7W, 9W and 11W. GE Lighting DATA SHEET. Product information. Features.
GE Lighting Candle 6,000 hours DATA SHEET Compact Fluorescent Lamps Integrated 5W, 7W, 9W and 11W Product information The 6,000 hours CFL candle lamps offer traditional incandescent shape, long life and
More informationRoasting a Golden Brown Marshmallow: Temperature and Time Relationships. Arthur Shih March Southeast Michigan Science Fair Research Paper
Roasting a Golden Brown Marshmallow: Temperature and Time Relationships Arthur Shih March 2006 Southeast Michigan Science Fair Research Paper Purpose Find the relationship between the temperature and time
More informationSpherical T2 8,000 hours
GE Lighting Spherical T2 8,000 hours DATA SHEET Compact Fluorescent Lamps Integrated 5W and 7W information The T2 8,000 hours spherical lamps offer traditional incandescent shape and sizes, long life and
More informationLASERS. & Protective Glasses. Your guide to Lasers and the Glasses you need to wear for protection.
LASERS & Protective Glasses Your guide to Lasers and the Glasses you need to wear for protection. FACTS Light & Wavelengths Light is a type of what is called electromagnetic radiation. Radio waves, x-rays,
More informationFOCUS TECHNOLOGY THE BEAUTY OF A LACQUERED SURFACE
FOCUS TECHNOLOGY FOCUS TECHNOLOGY THE BEAUTY OF A LACQUERED SURFACE Snaidero is one of the few companies on the market with more than 50 years experience in the development of lacquered kitchens. Its product
More informationChemical composition and mass emission factors of candle smoke particles
Chemical composition and mass emission factors of candle smoke particles Pagels, Joakim; Wierzbicka, Aneta; Fors, Erik; Isaxon, Christina; Dahl, Andreas; Gudmundsson, Anders; Swietlicki, Erik; Bohgard,
More informationWARNING: Only for use by children over 10 years old. EXPERIMENT MANUAL. Version 2.0
EXPERIMENT MANUAL Version 2.0 WARNING: Only for use by children over 10 years old. Not suitable for children under 10 years. To be used solely under the strict supervision of adults who have studied the
More informationProduct data sheet Palas Fidas 200 E
Product data sheet Palas Fidas 200 E Applications Regulatory environmental monitoring in measuring networks Ambient air measurement campaigns Long-term studies Emission source classification Distribution
More informationIndustrial Waxes Chemistry & Blending
Industrial Waxes Chemistry & Blending Sasol Performance Chemicals About us About us Sasol s Performance Chemicals business unit markets a broad portfolio of organic and inorganic commodity and speciality
More informationSPECTROCLICK KIT EXPLORE THE INTERACTION OF LIGHT AND MATTER THE SCIENCE OF SPECTROSCOPY. 101 W. Tomaras Ave. Bldg.
SPECTROCLICK KIT EXPLORE THE INTERACTION OF LIGHT AND MATTER THE SCIENCE OF SPECTROSCOPY 101 W. Tomaras Ave. Bldg. B Savoy, IL 61874 WARNING: NOT INTENDED FOR CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE OF 6 ADULT SUPERVISION
More informationRestricted Substance List (RSL) Candles
Restricted Substance List (RSL) Candles Contents General... 3 Commitment... 4 Example... 5 Definitions... 6 Abbreviations... 6 Requirements all Candles... 7 Paraffin Wax... 7 Stearic Acid... 8 Beeswax...
More informationBeeswax adulteration issue: aspects of contamination and outcome
Beeswax adulteration issue: aspects of contamination and outcome Lidija Svečnjak University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture Zagreb, Croatia Beeswax adulteration issue long-present and growing problem
More informationThe grade 6 English science unit, Combustion, meets the academic content standards set in the Korean curriculum, which state students should:
This unit deals with the concept of combustion, the reaction responsible for a wide range of phenomena, such as the burning of candles. It also addresses fire extinguishment, the opposite of combustion
More informationFSC 243. Fire Investigation II. Course Package
1 FSC 243 Fire Investigation II Course Package Presented and Approved May 2, 2008 2 Contact person(s) Michael Messner Date of proposal to 4/18/08 Curriculum Committee NEW COURSE PACKAGE FORM COURSE INFORMATION
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET) GRADING SYSTEM IN PAVING BITUMEN AN INDIAN SCENARIO
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET) International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 ISSN 0976 6308 (Print) ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume
More informationStaticAir. It is our mission to create a fine dust free living and working environment at the lowest possible costs.
EN StaticAir StaticAir is a young company that focuses on the development and production of fine dust reduction systems. StaticAir has aquired unique patents. These patents and our knowledge about fine
More informationLimited choices: An exploratory study on paraffin use in KZN
Limited choices: An exploratory study on paraffin use in KZN Saadhna Panday (PhD), PASASA National Summit Kopanong Conference Centre, Benoni 27 June 2007 Introduction All households require energy to satisfy
More informationStudies in Properties of Microcrystalline and Paraffin Waxes with the Help of Gas Chromatography (GC), DSC, FT-IR and by Conventional Methods
2017 IJSRST Volume 3 Issue 8 Print ISSN: 2395-6011 Online ISSN: 2395-602X Themed Section: Scienceand Technology Studies in Properties of Microcrystalline and Paraffin Waxes with the Help of Gas Chromatography
More informationAdulteration of beeswax intended for honey production with stearin and paraffin
EU FOOD FRAUD NETWORK COORDINATED CASE Adulteration of beeswax intended for honey production with stearin and paraffin Beeswax is, in principle, a manufactured product manufactured by bees FOOD GRADE Beeswax
More informationA F LCON PANEL PRODUCTS LTD
FA LCON PANEL PRODUCTS LTD Introduction to Strebord $ Strebord 35+, 38+, 44, 54 & Superpan Materials are purpose made, multi-layer particle boards designed specifically for use in the manufacture of high
More informationMake customers eyes shine.
Available now from Make customers eyes shine. Start the LED season with us. It s time to make yourself snug at home again. In many households, this also means: power guzzlers out, LEDs in! Start the LED
More informationFuel the Flame of Manufacturing in Scotland!
Ecosse Candle Company The Ecosse Candle Company was a start-up, aiming to produce premium quality soy wax candles in Scotland. Platform provider Bloom VC Equity, Loan or Donation Donation A B2B or B2C
More informationScentsy Fragrance FAQs
Scentsy Fragrance FAQs (Questions surrounding Layers by Scentsy products are found in the Layers by Scentsy FAQ.) Scentsy Fragrance Warmers What is a Scentsy warmer? Our distinctive Scentsy Warmers melt
More informationAbout Nordic Ecolabelled Candles. Version 2.2
About Nordic Ecolabelled Candles Version 2.2 Background to Nordic Ecolabelling 09 March 2017 Content 1 Summary 3 2 Basic facts about the criteria 5 2.1 Products that may be Nordic Swan Ecolabelled 5 2.2
More informationCandle Wax Information
Candle Wax Information Natures Garden works very closely with some of the most experienced wax experts in the industry to be able to offer our customers the highest quality candle waxes on the market today.
More informationCONTROLLING WOOD DUST HAZARDS AT WORK
CONTROLLING WOOD DUST HAZARDS AT WORK Timber is generally divided into two categories, softwoods like pine and cedar, and hardwoods like oak, teak and jarrah. The Western Australian occupational exposure
More informationAlmy Liquid Candles. Setting Up and Caring For Your Candles OUTFITTERS TO THE CHURCH AND CLERGY SINCE 1892
Almy Liquid Candles Setting Up and Caring For Your Candles OUTFITTERS TO THE CHURCH AND CLERGY SINCE 1892 Almy Liquid Candles Candle Set Up Thank you for purchasing Almy Liquid Candles. Your new candles
More informationYankee Candle Care & Instruction Guide
Use a lid for a clean burn. A great candle tool to prevent tunneling and to promote a clean, even burn that uses every inch of wax is the Illuma-Lid. The Illuma-Lid sits on top of the large or medium Housewarmer
More informationNordic Ecolabelling of Candles
rdic Ecolabelling of Candles Version 1.3 13 December 2007 30 June 2015 rdic Ecolabelling Content What is a rdic Ecolabelled candle? 3 Why choose the rdic Ecolabel? 3 What can carry the rdic Ecolabel? 4
More informationChapter 9: Light, Colour and Radiant Energy. Passed a beam of white light through a prism.
Chapter 9: Light, Colour and Radiant Energy Where is the colour in sunlight? In the 17 th century (1600 s), Sir Isaac Newton conducted a famous experiment. Passed a beam of white light through a prism.
More informationHow Do We Get Light from Matter: The Chemistry of Fireworks
1 How Do We Get Light from Matter: The Chemistry of Fireworks ORGANIZATION Mode: Inquiry, Groups of 3 Grading: Lab Performance, Lab Notebook, Post-Lab Report Safety: Goggles, Lab coat, Long Hair Pulled
More informationat a glance Sasol Wax is the leading specialist in innovative wax technology.
rubber & tire Sasol Wax is the leading specialist in innovative wax technology. at a glance Paraffin wax is the major raw material for the production of candles and a wide variety of other applications
More informationCARE & MAINTENANCE Tips for the maintanance of Sofacompany furniture
CARE & MAINTENANCE Tips for the maintanance of Sofacompany furniture 1 Januar 2017 CONTENT Upholstered furniture... 4 Materials & Impregnating... 10 Leather & Maintenance... 12 Qualities of our textiles...
More informationPrinting as a material deposition process
Printing as a material deposition process Printing Materials, Mumbai 5 th March 2011 Prof. Fritz Bircher, www.printtechnology.ch 1 Presentation outline Material deposition The inkjet printing process Interaction
More informationI am so impressed with Emma s Soy Candle s, the scents, presentation and natural ethos behind them really has me hooked.
Emma s So Naturals : An All-Natural Story! Emma s So Naturals, s are the healthy alternative candle: all natural and handmade in Ireland from the highest quality Eco Soya Wax. All of our products are fragranced
More informationIndoor Air Quality and Noise Monitoring
Noise Monitoring Tony Kuehn CSP, OHST, ALCM Director Health and Safety Services Integrated Loss Control 1 Noise Monitoring Why Monitor for Indoor Air Quality & Noise? During this webinar you will learn
More informationChemistry for the gifted and talented 5
Chemistry for the gifted and talented 5 Candle investigation Student worksheet: CDROM index 03SW This worksheet is also provided on the CDROM as both a PowerPoint presentation 03PP and a teacher-editable
More informationABSTRACT 1.INTRODUCTION
INFLUENCE OF THE RENEWABLE RAW MATERIAL IN OFFSET INKS ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RECYCLED FIBERS Ivana Bolanca Mirkovic, Zdenka Bolanca University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts Zagreb, Croatia
More informationREACH and the protection of consumers: The view from the Commission
REACH and the protection of consumers: The view from the Commission Jack de Bruijn Action leader Support to REACH European Chemicals Bureau, DG JRC / IHCP Commission services and REACH Lead on proposal:
More informationNX 795 Enhancing latex products
NX 795 coalescing agent for latex products Promotes uniform film formation with optimal properties Universal in all latex systems Easy to incorporate Reduces minimum film-formation temperature Non-VOC
More information4 Oct, 2018 RefComm Valencia 1
4 Oct, 2018 RefComm Valencia 1 SRU Thermal Reactor Chemistry & Design Roelof ten Hooven Area Sales Manager 4 Oct, 2018 RefComm Valencia 2 Company Profile Engineering company specialized in process combustion
More informationPart I: Bruker Esprit Mapping Options
Part I: Bruker Esprit Mapping Options Mapping Panel Overview 5. 4. 2. 6. 3. 7. 8. 9. 1. 10. Mapping Panel Overview 1. Element selector - can turn individual elements (as well as the image overlay) on/off.
More informationScented London. Packaging Dimensions SCE01A. H90 x W100 x D100mm. Dimensions H80 x Ø85mm
Scented London A scented candle encased in a copper vessel. The scent is of clay brick and London parks with crocuses, nettles and honeysuckle and the salty smell of the Thames at Dagenham. Dimensions
More informationCAPT JT Elder, USN Commanding Officer NSWC Crane
CAPT JT Elder, USN Commanding Officer NSWC Crane Development of Standardized Test Methods for Quantitative Small Arms Flash Measurements Dr. David F. Dye (david.f.dye@navy.mil) and Jason M. Davis April,
More informationCandle Wax Product Quality
Candle Wax Product Quality A Technical Workshop for the World Candle Congress presented by ALAFAVE & the National Candle Association Orlando, FL 20,21-April- Presenters: Carl Hudson, ExxonMobil Ed Calcote,
More informationBlue Angel for Printed Matter
Blue Angel for Printed Matter Soft Legislation to Educate Printers and Print Customers? Dr. Andrea Rimkus 28.02.2018 1 The Blue Angel Type I Ecolabel (DIN EN ISO 14024) Addresses multiple environmental
More information