ILLINOI S PRODUCTION NOTE. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library Large-scale Digitization Project, 2007.

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1 ILLINOI S UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN PRODUCTION NOTE University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library Large-scale Digitization Project, 7.

3 icwr A L,1 1-3 A/u H1 E 6 ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY CENTER FOR WILDLIFE ECOLOGY Ii.L, Aerial Waterbird Inventories of Chautauqua National Wildlife Refuge and Peoria Lake Environmental Management Program Sites Annual Report by Michelle M. Horath and Stephen P. Havera 23 August

5 Table of Contents Page R e p o rt Key to Common Name Abbreviations... 4 Census Results from Upper Peoria Lake EMP Site... 5 Census Results from Lake Chautauqua EMP Site Lite rature C ited S ig nature P age

7 Summary The purpose of this project was to aerially inventory waterfowl (ducks and geese), bald eagles, double-crested cormorants, and white pelicans during fall and spring, 1999-, at Upper Peoria Lake and Lake Chautauqua Environmental Management Program (EMP) sites. Inventories were conducted from light aircraft flying at low levels. Fall inventories were made on 1, 7, and 14 September; 4, 19, and October; 3, 8,15, 22, and 3 November; 6, 14, and 21 December; and 5 January. Spring inventories were made on 7 and 28 February; 6, 13, 23, and 29 March; and 6 April. Species of waterbirds (Table 1) and their respective numbers were recorded during each inventory. The inventory data are summarized by site in tabular form displaying the peak (highest number counted for all inventories) population count by species for each compartment at each site and for the entire site during fall (September - January) and spring (February - April) (Tables 2 and 9). The peak number for the entire site or groups of species may not represent the sum of the peaks for all the compartments or species because the peak numbers in the various compartments and species could have occurred on different flights. Additionally, the results of each waterfowl inventory are provided by date for each site (Tables 7, 8, 16, and 17). Copies of maps delineating the areas inventoried at each site are also provided (Figures 1 and 2). Upper Peoria Lake The Upper Peoria Lake EMP site is divided into two inventory areas, the lake segment and the 168-acre Forested Wetland Management Area (FWMA) (Figure 1). In the lake segment, construction of a barrier island extending roughly one mile and the dredging of the East River side channel were completed in December A second

8 island was formed during construction of the barrier island from dredged material unsuitable for use in the barrier island. The second island runs parallel to the barrier island. The fall of 1999 was the fifth waterfowl aerial censusing period (September - January) since the completion of the islands. The peak numbers for several species of waterbirds in the lake segment during fall 1999 were the highest recorded since INHS began monitoring in These species included blue-winged teals, green-winged teals, American wigeons, gadwalls, northern shovelers, ring-necked ducks, American coots and white pelicans. During the falls of 1995 through 1999 the majority of the dabbling ducks, particularly mallards, and Canada geese were observed on and around the barrier islands. Peak numbers for the lake segment, fall 1991 through 1999 and spring 1992 through, are provided in tables 3 and 4, respectively. In the beginning of this monitoring project we were unsure if the FWMA could be accurately surveyed from a fixed-wing plane. Waterfowl utilizing forested wetlands are difficult to inventory because they are concealed by vegetation and their numbers are underestimated (Geis 1966, Hawkins and Addy 1966, Conroy et al. 1988, Sherman 199). The fall of 1999 was the fifth waterfowl aerial censusing period (September - January) of the FWMA since the levees were constructed and the area was inundated. Construction was reported as completed by July Waterfowl that could positively be identified by species and enumerated were recorded. For the survey period, we began recording waterfowl that could not be identified by species as "unknowns", thereby acknowledging that there are visibility biases but still treating the observations as an index to the relative abundance of waterfowl. Peak numbers for the FWMA, fall 1991 through 1999 and spring 1992 through, are provided in Tables 5 and 6, respectively. 2

9 Lake Chautauqua The Lake Chautauqua EMP site is divided into two inventory areas, Upper Pool and Lower Pool (Figure 2). High water levels on the Illinois River through late June prevented drawdown of the lower pool until mid-july. Gates in the south pool were opened 13 July and closed 19 July to achieve a water level between 432 and feet. This water level was desirable to minimize the possibility of a botulism outbreak. Exposed mud flats were colonized by vegetation providing average waterfowl food production. Preliminary results of a moist-soil evaluation study being conducted by the INHS at Lake Chautauqua revealed teal grass and rice cutgrass as the two most abundant moist-soil plants sampled (Whetsell et al. 1999). Peak numbers for Upper and Lower Chautauqua, fall 1999 and spring, are provided in Table 9. Peak numbers for Lake Chautauqua, fall 1991 through 1999 and spring 1992 through, are provided in Tables 1 and 13, respectively. Peak numbers for Upper Chautauqua, fall 1991 through 1999 and spring 1992 through, are provided in Tables 11 and 14, respectively. Peak numbers for Lower Chautauqua, fall 1991 through 1999 and spring 1992 through, are provided in Tables 12 and 15, respectively. Compared with 1998, waterfowl use of Lake Chautauqua was higher for dabbling ducks, lower for diving ducks and slightly higher for total ducks observed during fall During the dry spring of, waterfowl use of Lake Chautauqua was much higher for all dabbling duck species with the exception of American black ducks compared to spring Diving duck use of Lake Chautauqua during spring was comparable to spring 1999.

10 Table 1. Common names of waterbirds aerially inventoried and abbreviations used in the report. Common name Abbreviation Dabbling ducks Mallard American black duck Northern pintail Blue-winged teal Green-winged teal American wigeon Gadwall Northern shoveler Diving ducks Lesser and greater scaup Ring-necked duck Canvasback Redhead Ruddy duck Common goldeneye Bufflehead Mergansers Common merganser Red-breasted merganser Hooded merganser Unknown Geese Canada goose Lesser snow goose American coot Bald eagles Adult Immature Double-crested cormorant White pelican MALLARD BLK PNT BWT GWT WIG GAD SH SCAUP RN CNVB RH RDY GLD BH CM RBM HM UNK CG SG COOT AD IMM CORM PEL

11 UPPER PEORIA LAKE

12 - -, TRUITT'RD.. "4 1 Upper RD Figure 1. The Upper Peoria Lake EMP site with boundaries drawn delineating the census areas.

13 Table 2. Peak numbers of waterbirds aerially inventoried by the Illinois Natural History Survey at the Upper Peoria Lake EMP site, fall 1999 and spring a. Upper Peoria Forested Wetland Lake Management Area Total EMP Site Species Fall Spring Fall Spring Fall Spring Dabbling ducks Mallard 36, , 82 American black duck 3,4 1 3,4 1 Northern pintail 3, 5 3, Blue-winged teal 4 4 Green-winged teal 2,3 6 2,3 6 American wigeon 2, 2, Gadwall 3, 1 3, 1 Northern shoveler 1, 1, All dabbling ducks 43, ,5 92 Diving ducks Lesser & greater scaup 8 8 Ring-necked duck 3, 3, Canvasback Redhead Ruddy duck Common goldeneye Bufflehead All diving ducks 4, 4, Mergansers Common merganser 1, 1, Red-breasted merganser Hooded merganser All mergansers 1, 1, Unknown All ducks 43, ,55 92 Geese Canada goose Lesser snow goose American coot 3,7 3,7 1 Bald eagles Adult 8 8 Immature 6 6 All eagles Double-crested cormorant White pelican 3 a The peak number for the entire site or groups of species may not represent the sum of the peaks for all the compartments or species because the peak numbers in the various compartments and species could have occurred on different flights.

14 Table 3. Peak numbers of waterbirds aerially inventoried by the Illinois Natural History Survey at the Upper Peoria Lake EMP site during fall, Soecies Dabbling ducks Mallard American black duck Northern pintail Blue-winged teal Green-winged teal American wigeon Gadwall - F Northern shoveler All dabbling ducks 1, ,85 3, 15 3,15 1, , , , 6, 29, 3, , ,7 63,1 35,1 7, 2,5 2,5 5, 5 1 1, 7 5 1,5 2, 5 7,8 45,1 36, 3,4 3, 4 2,3 2, 3, 1, 43, Diving ducks Lesser and greater scaup 3 1, 8 2,5 8 Ring-necked duck ,5 3, 3, Canvasback Redhead 5 Ruddy duck Common goldeneye 5 2, 3, Bufflehead 4,5 All diving ducks 2, 3,5 3 5,5 1,8 5,55 4, Mergansers Common merganser 1, 1, , Red-breasted merganser Hooded merganser All mergansers 1, , All ducks 2,5 5,31 4,5 8 6, 41, 7,8 5,65 43,5 Geese Canada goose , 1,5 1,5 8 8 Lesser snow goose Americarn c.^o 3 1, 1, 1, 2,3 3, 3,6 3,7 Bald eagles Adult Immature All eagles Double-crested cormorant White Pelican 5 2

15 Table 4. Peak numbers of waterbirds aerially inventoried by the Illinois Natural History Survey at the Upper Peoria Lake EMP site during spring, Species Dabbling ducks Mallard ,1 7 2,55 1, 75 American black duck 5 1 Northern pintail 15 6 Blue-winged teal 1 2 Green-winged teal American wigeon Gadwall 1 1 Northern shoveler 1 All dabbling ducks ,15 7 2,75 1, 85 Diving ducks Lesser and greater scaup Ring-necked duck 5 4 Canvasback , Redhead 5 Ruddy duck 2 Common goldeneye Bufflehead All diving ducks , Mergansers Common merganser , 1,8 4, 9 Red-breasted merganser Hooded merganser All mergansers , 1,8 4, 9 All ducks 1, 1 5 4,35 2,8 4,35 2,935 3,45 85 Geese Canada goose Lesser snow goose American coot Bald eagles Adult Immature All eagles Double-crested cormorant White pelican 5 3

16 Table 5. Peak numbers of waterbirds aerially inventoried by the Illinois Natural History Survey at the Forested Wetland Management Area (FWMA) EMP site during fall Species a 1996 b Dabbling ducks Mallard American black duck Northern pintail 5 Blue-winged teal Green-winged teal American wigeon Gadwall Northern shoveler All dabbling ducks Diving ducks Lesser and greater scaup Ring-necked duck Canvasback Redhead Ruddy duck Common goldeneye Bufflehead All diving ducks Mergansers Common merganser. Red-breasted merganser Hooded merganser All mergansers Unknown 1 1 All ducks Geese Canada goose Lesser snow goose American coot Bald eagles Adult Immature All eagles Double-crested cormorant White pelican a The first fall waterfowl censusing period (September - January) for the FWMA. b The first fall waterfowl censusing period (September - January) that unidentifiable waterfowl in the FWMA were recorded as "unknown". 1

17 Table 6. Peak numbers of waterbirds aerially inventoried by the Illinois Natural History Survey at the Forested Wetland Management (FWMA) Area EMP site during spring, Species a 1997 b Dabbling ducks Mallard American black duck Northern pintail Blue-winged teal 1 2 Green-winged teal American wigeon Gadwall Northern shoveler All dabbling ducks Diving ducks Lesser and greater scaup Ring-necked duck Canvasback Redhead Ruddy duck Common goldeneye Bufflehead All diving ducks Mergansers Common merganser Red-breasted merganser Hooded merganser All mergansers Unknown All ducks Geese Canada goose Lesser snow goose American coot Bald eagles Adult Immature All eagles Double-crested cormorant White pelican a The first spring waterfowl censusing period b The first spring waterfowl censusing period FWMA were recorded as "unknown". (February - April) for the FWMA. (February - April) that unidentifiable waterfowl in the 11

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20 LAKE CHAUTAUQUA 14

$7 ] -- '-'--" Lower Lake Chabt uquaiverp LEVEE 1, /. \ i^i"...-... i. ^,.. Figure 2.$

21 7 ] -- '-'--" Lower Lake Chabt uquaiverp LEVEE 1, /. \ i^i" i. ^,.. Figure 2. The Lake Chautauqua EMP site with boundaries drawn delineating the census area. 15

22 Table 9. Peak numbers of waterbirds aerially inventoried by the Illinois Natural History Survey at the Lake Chautauqua EMP site, fall 1999 and spring a. Upper Lower Chautauqua Chautauqua Total EMP Site Species Fall Spring Fall Spring Fall Spring Dabbling ducks Mallard 1,9 18,9 49,5 19,32 49,54 American black duck 1 3, 5 3,1 5 Northern pintail 57 16,1 6,6 16,1 6,6 Blue-winged teal 6,65 4 6,6 5 6,65 6 Green-winged teal 9,5 9,7 8, 9,7 8, American wigeon 1,5 1,5 Gadwall 3,4 66 3,4 66 Northern shoveler 38 3, 6,18 3,3 6,182 5,6 All dabbling ducks 19, 3, 117,345 62,37 117,865 62,41 Diving ducks Lesser & greater scaup 5 2, ,65 Ring-necked duck 2, 1,4 5 2,5 Canvasback Redhead Ruddy duck , Common goldeneye 1,7 9 2,6 Bufflehead All diving ducks 2,575 3,2 2,9 1,37 3,1 3,22 Mergansers Common merganser Red-breasted merganser Hooded merganser All mergansers All ducks 19, 6,1 12,245 62,7 12,855 62,74 Geese Canada goose ,7 75 9, Snow goose 4 4 American coot 3,5 8,7 6,1 8,73 6,6 Bald eagles Adult Immature All eagles Double-crested cormorant 5, ,35 1,2 White pelican a The peak number for the entire site or groups of species may not represent the sum of the peaks for all the compartments or species because the peak numbers in the various compartments and species could have occurred on different flights. 16

23 Table 1. Peak numbers of waterbirds aerially inventoried by the Illinois Natural History Survey at the Lake Chautauqua EMP site during fall, Species Dabbling ducks Mallard American black duck Northern pintail Blue-winged teal Green-winged teal American wigeon Gadwall Northern shoveler All dabbling ducks 17,5 58, 12,43 32,3 165, 4 1, 3 2,4 3, 1,55 4, 5 2, 1,5 32 3,9 5,8 9,7 4 7,5 11, 5, 3, 3,5 3 6, 1,15 2,8 5, 1, 17, 4, 15, 2,1 21,855 76,84 14,3 368,8 18,6 23, 199, 78, 19,32 9 6, 2,4 3,1 3,5 2,7 11,35 16,1 6,1 9,85 4,82 6,65 7, 18, 9, 9,7 1,8 4,5 3,5 1,5 2,55 9,16 17, 3,4 2, 2, 5,31 6,182 39,9 2,72 15,66 117,865 Diving ducks Lesser and greater scaup Ring-necked duck Canvasback Redhead Ruddy duck Common goldeneye Bufflehead All diving ducks , 1 2,3 1, 5, , 1 4,12 4, ,12 4, 2,3 6, ,5 4, , 5, 2,5 3,3 1,6 6 1, ,8 9 1, , 13,6 13,55 3,1 Mergansers Common merganser Red-breasted merganser Hooded merganser All mergansers 4,3 9 5, All ducks 22,335 78,39 16,33 375,6 181, 41,1 239,32 119,21 12,855 Geese Canada goose Lesser'snow goose 155 1, , 23,1 15, 3 4, 21,85 4,3 9, ,6 1, American coot 4,3 5,1 1,2 5, 6,9 9,5 19, 12,8 8,73 Bald eagles Adult Immature All eagles Double-crested cormorant 81 1, , ,35 White pelican

24 Table 11. Peak numbers of waterbirds aerially inventoried by the Illinois Natural History Survey at the Upper Lake Chautauqua EMP site during fall, Species Dabbling ducks Mallard American black duck Northern pintail Blue-winged teal Green-winged teal American wigeon Gadwall Northern shoveler All dabbling ducks 9, 4, , , 4 5,5 5 1, 9,18 9,8 7 73, 1,5 9, 3,8 6, 5 5, 6, 3, 7 86,5 2, 5 3,5 2, ,3 3, 1,1 3, 1 1, 7, 4,5 12, 1, , 1,5 57 2, 1,1 6,65 5, 5, 9, , 3, 38 7, 2,5 19, Diving ducks Lesser and greater scaup Ring-necked duck Canvasback Redhead Ruddy duck Common goldeneye Bufflehead All diving ducks 1 1 2, 1 6 1,3 65 2,1 1 5, , Mergansers Common merganser Red-breasted merganser Hooded merganser All mergansers All ducks 9,18 9,8 8 87,5 5,3 7,9 7, 2,5 19, Geese Canada goose Lesser snow goose , 7 1, 1,45 1,15 1, American coot 1,7 1, 6 3, 1,1 6,5 2,3 5 Bald eagles Adult Immature All eagles Double-crested cormorant , ,35 White pelican

25 Table 12. Peak numbers of waterbirds aerially inventoried by the Illinois Natural History Survey at the Lower Lake Chautauqua EMP site during fall, Species Dabbling ducks Mallard American black duck Northern pintail Blue-winged teal Green-winged teal American wigeon Gadwall Northern shoveler All dabbling ducks 16, 56, 32 1, 5 4, 27 3,1 4,8 3, 3,5 2,4 5, 21,72 74,8 12,4 32, 164, 2, 198, 64,3 18,9 3 2, 3, 9 5,7 2,4 3, 5 2, 1, 3,5 2,6 9,85 16,1 3, 6, 5, 9,4 4,2 6,6 8, 5, 4, 13, 5, 9,7 3 5, 7 1,8 4,5 3,5 1,5 1, 11, 4, 2,5 9,16 8, 3,4 15, 2, 1,8 2, 3, 6,18 14, 368,5 178,5 32,9 224,72 85,16 117,345 Diving ducks Lesser and greater scaup Ring-necked duck Canvasback Redhead Ruddy duck Common goldeneye Bufflehead All diving ducks , ,62 4, 5 3,62 4, 6 1, 1, 3, 8 4, ,3 6, ,5 4, ,5 5, 1,4 3,3 1,6 6 1, ,8 1, 1, ,8 13,55 2,9 Mergansers Common merganser Red-breasted merganser Hooded merganser All mergansers 4,3 9 5, All ducks Geese Canada goose Lesser snow goose American coot 22,42 75,75 1 1,5 5 3,5 4,5 16,3 375,3 179,1 33, 237,52 98,71 12, , 23, 3,9 21,54 3,5 9,7 15, 3 5 1,6 1, 1, 45, 6, 3, 19, 12,3 8,7 Bald eagles Adult Immature All eagles Double-crested cormorant 4 1, White pelican

26 Table 13. Peak numbers of waterbirds aerially inventoried by the Illinois Natural History Survey at the Lake Chautauqua EMP site during spring, Species Dabbling ducks Mallard American black duck Northern pintail Blue-winged teal Green-winged teal American wigeon Gadwall Northern shoveler All dabbling ducks Diving ducks Lesser and greater scaup Ring-necked duck Canvasback Redhead Ruddy duck Common goldeneye Bufflehead All diving ducks Mergansers Common merganser Red-breasted merganser Hooded merganser All mergansers 1, ,65 6,8 2, 4,3 11, ,4 12,6 52, 1,3 2, 14,65 49, , 1, 15 1,5 6,6 8 1,7 6 5,1 8,8 1 8, 5 3, , ,7 1, 5 1,62 5,6 75 1,4,3 63,9 1,3 2,11 16,4 62,41 6 3, 1,1 5,5 1,5 2,65 5 1,5 1, 9 3,6 2,5 2,4 3 1, 6,5 3, ,1 5 2, ,6, 155 3,1 5 1,7 8, 1,5 1,5 3,4 3, , , , ,3 92 All ducks 22,1 3,6 2,4,95 72,4 3,3 11,35 19,44 62,74 Geese Canada goose Lesser snow goose , 2, 3 1 1, American coot 4,8 35 5, ,7 6,6 Bald eagles Adult Immature All eagles Double-crested cormorant ,2 White pelican

27 Table 14. Peak numbers of waterbirds aerially inventoried by the Illinois Natural History Survey at the Upper Lake Chautauqua EMP site during spring, Species Dabbling ducks Mallard American black duck Northern pintail Blue-winged teal Green-winged teal American wigeon Gadwall Northern shoveler All dabbling ducks , 2,7 5 5, 1,6 4, 5, 15 15,7 2, 8 5 2, , ,62 1,62 4 3, 3,2 Diving ducks Lesser and greater scaup Ring-necked duck Canvasback Redhead Ruddy duck Common goldeneye Bufflehead All diving ducks 3, 5 5 4, ,55 2, ,4 2,5 42 1,7 3,2 Mergansers Common merganser Red-breasted merganser Hooded merganser All mergansers All ducks 4,45 3, ,7 2, 1,8 1,2 1,99 6,1 Geese Canada goose Lesser snow goose 5 5, , American coot 1, 1, ,5 Bald eagles Adult Immature All eagles Double-crested cormorant White pelican

28 Table 15. Peak numbers of waterbirds aerially inventoried by the Illinois Natural History Survey at the Lower Lake Chautauqua EMP site during spring, Species Dabbling ducks Mallard American black duck Northern pintail Blue-winged teal Green-winged teal American wigeon Gadwall Northern shoveler All dabbling ducks 1, , ,4 7,4 5, 1 1,1 1, 8 1,7 9 8, 1,8 1, 1,7 1, 1,4 9,6 61, ,65 14, , ,62 1,79 16,4 49,5 5 6,6 5 8, 66 3,3 62,37 Diving ducks Lesser and greater scaup Ring-necked duck Canvasback Redhead Ruddy duck Common goldeneye Bufflehead All diving ducks 4, 1,9 4, 5 9,9 5 2,4 3,1 6 3, 1,5 1, 3 1, 6, ,6 8, 1,1 5,5 1,5 9 3,5 2,5 3, , ,5 1,5 3, ,37 Mergansers Common merganser Red-breasted merganser Hooded merganser All mergansers , , , ,3 3 3 All ducks 17,65 3,4 2,4 12,3 7,4 1,5 11,35 19,44 62,7 Geese Canada goose Lesser snow goose 3 3,4 2, 5 5 1, American coot 3,8 3 4, ,7 6,1 Bald eagles Adult Immature All eagles Double-crested cormorant White pelican

29 Table 14. Peak numbers of waterbirds aerially inventoried by the Illinois Natural History Survey at the Upper Lake Chautauqua EMP site during spring, Species Dabbling ducks Mallard American black duck Northern pintail Blue-winged teal Green-winged teal American wigeon Gadwall Northern shoveler All dabbling ducks , 2,7 5 5, 1,6 4, 5, 15 15,7 2, 8 5 2, , ,62 1,62 4 3, 3,2 Diving ducks Lesser and greater scaup Ring-necked duck Canvasback Redhead Ruddy duck Common goldeneye Bufflehead All diving ducks 3, 5 5 4, ,55 2, ,4 2,5 42 1,7 3,2 Mergansers Common merganser Red-breasted merganser Hooded merganser All mergansers All ducks 4,45 3, ,7 2, 1,8 1,2 1,99 6,1 Geese Canada goose Lesser snow goose 5 5, , American coot 1, 1, ,5 Bald eagles Adult Immature All eagles Double-crested cormorant White pelican

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32 Literature Cited Conroy, M.J., J.R. Goldsberry, J.E. Hines, and D.B. Stotts Evaluation of aerial transect surveys for wintering American black ducks. J. Wildl. Manage. 52: Geis, A. D Establishing the status of wood duck populations-successes and problems. Pages in J.B. Trefethen, ed. Wood duck management and research: a symposium. Wildl. Manage. Inst., Washington, D.C. Hawkins, A.S., and C.E. Addy Problems in flyway-wide appraisal of wood duck habitat. Pages in J.B. Trefethen, ed. Wood duck management and research: a symposium. Wildl. Manage. Inst., Washington, D.C. Sherman, D.E Line-transect sampling and indices to estimate wintering wood ducks and mallards in Mississippi green-tree reservoirs. M.S. Thesis. Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State. 122 pp. Whetsell, E.C., S.P. Havera, A.P. Yetter, C.S. Hine, and M.M. Horath.. Evaluation of moist-soil plant communities to water level management of Chautauqua National Wildlife Refuge. Annual Report. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island. December. 37 p. 26

33 SUBMITTED BY: Stephen P. Havera Senior Professional Scientist Illinois Natural History Survey DATE: 23 August 27

2016 WATERFOWL BREEDING POPULATION SURVEY MINNESOTA

2016 WATERFOWL BREEDING POPULATION SURVEY MINNESOTA TITLE: Waterfowl Breeding Population Survey for Minnesota STRATA SURVEYED: Minnesota Strata 1, 2, and 3 DATES: May 2-May 16, 2016 DATA SUPPLIED BY: Minnesota