Mod. Notations. Primary definition. Specific values. Traditional name. Traditional notation. Mathematica StandardForm notation. Specialized values

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1 Mod Notatios Traditioal ae Cogruece fuctio Traditioal otatio od Matheatica StadardFor otatio Mod, Priary defiitio od od is the reaider o divisio of by. The sig of od for real, is always the sae as the sig of. Exaples: 5 od 1, 8 od 3, 5 od 3 1, 7 Π od Π, 7 3 od 4 3, fracπ 3 Π,.7 3 od 5.7. Specific values Specialized values od 0 ; od 1 0 ; od 1 ; od 1 ; od ;

2 od ; od k ; k k k od od p 1 od p p 1 ; p p 1 p od p 3 1 ; p p B od od 1,0 1 1 k 3 k Χ k 1 Χ k 1 od 1 Values at fixed poits od od od od od od od od od od Π od Π

3 Π od 4 Π Π od Π Π od Π od Geeral characteristics Doai ad aalyticity od is a oaalytical fuctio; it is a piecewise cotiuous fuctio which is defied over od Syetries ad periodicities Parity od is a odd fuctio od od Mirror syetry z z 1 Χ Iz Periodicity od is a periodic fuctio with respect to with period od od k od od ; k Sets of discotiuity The fuctio od is a piecewise cotiuous fuctio with jups o the curves Re k I l ; k, l. The fuctioal property od od 1 akes the behaviour of the od siilar to the behaviour of od k, k, 1 ; k, k, k, ; k

4 od, 1 ; k,, ; k k, k k, k li Ε od od ; Re Ε li Ε od od ; Re Ε li Ε od od ; I Ε li Ε od od ; I Ε0 0 Series represetatios Expoetial Fourier series od Π 1 k 1 k si Π k ; Other series represetatios od 1 1 si Π k k 1 cot Π k ; 1 Trasforatios Trasforatios ad arguet siplificatios Arguet ivolvig basic arithetic operatios od od od od Χ ; od od 1 Χ Re sg Re 1 Χ I sg I od od ;

5 od Χ od ; od od 1 Χ Re sg Re 1 Χ I sg I od od od Χ I od od Χ Re 1 od od od Χ Re od od Χ I od od 1 Arguet ivolvig related fuctios od od od od od od it od it it

6 it od frac od frac frac od od od od od quotiet, od quotiet, 1 od 1 0 Additio forulas k od od ; k Multiple arguets k1 k od k od j Θ j j 0 k quotiet, 1 Θ j 1 k quotiet, ; k Related trasforatios a b od lc, ; a b od a b od a b Idetities Fuctioal idetities od od a c od b d od ; a od b od c od d od a b c d Coplex characteristics Real part

7 Re od Re I Re I Re I Re I I I Re Re I Re Re Iagiary part I od I I I Re Re I Re I I Re I Re I Re Re Absolute value od I I I Re Re I Re I I Re I Re I Re Re I Re I Re I Re I Re I I Re Re I Re Re Arguet I Re I Re arg od ta 1 Re I Re I I Re Re I I Re I I Re Re I I Re I Re I Re I Re I Re Re, Cojugate value I Re I Re od Re I Re I I Re Re I I Re Re I I Re Re I I Re I Re I Re I I Re Re Sigu value sg od I Re I Re I Re I I Re Re I Re I Re Re I I I I Re Re I Re I I Re Re I Re I I I Re I Re Re I Re I Re I Re I Re Re I Re I Re I Re I Re I I Re Re I Re Re

8 sg od sg ; Differetiatio Low-order differetiatio With respect to od od 0 I a distributioal sese for x x od x x k x k With respect to od I a distributioal sese for x od x sgx it x x k,0 x x k k Fractioal itegro-differetiatio With respect to Α od Α With respect to Α 1Α od Α Α 1 Α Α od Α od Α Α Α Α Α Itegratio Idefiite itegratio

9 9 Ivolvig oly oe direct fuctio with respect to od od Ivolvig oe direct fuctio ad eleetary fuctios with respect to Ivolvig power fuctio Α1 od Α Α 1 od Α Α od 1 log log od Ivolvig oly oe direct fuctio with respect to od 1 od Ivolvig oe direct fuctio ad eleetary fuctios with respect to Ivolvig power fuctio Α1 od Α od Α Α 1 Α od log 1 od Defiite itegratio For the direct fuctio with respect to I the followig forulas a at od t 1 a od a od a a t Α1 t od t aα1 Α 1 1 Α a od aα a Α1 Α1 ΖΑ Α1 Ζ Α, t Α1 t od t a Α Α 1 Α 1 a od aα a Α1 Α1 Α 1 Ζ Α, a a od a a od ; ReΑ 1 ; ReΑ 0

10 t Α1 t od t Α1 ΖΑ a at od t a Α ; 1 ReΑ 0 For the direct fuctio with respect to I the followig forulas a a od tt 1 Ψ1 a od a a a a od a a t Α1 od tt 1 a Α Α od a a Α Α1 Α Ζ Α 1, 0 Α Α a od a a ; ReΑ t Α1 od tt a Α Α 1 Α od a aα a Α Α Α ΖΑ 1 Α Α Ζ Α 1, t Α1 od tt Α1 ΖΑ 1 Α 1 ; 1 ReΑ 0 a od a a ; ReΑ 0 Itegral trasfors Fourier exp trasfors Π t t od z z Π 1 k 1 k k Π z Π k z Fourier cos trasfors z c t t od z z cot Π z Π z Fourier si trasfors s t t od z Π z Π 1 k 1 k k Π z Π k z Laplace trasfors

11 t t od z 1 1 z z z 1 ; Re z 0 Melli trasfors t t od z z1 Ζz ; 1 Rez 0 z t od tz z1 Ζz 1 ; 1 Rez 0 z 1 Represetatios through equivalet fuctios With related fuctios With Floor od With Roud For real arguets od 1 ; od 1 ; od Χ 1 ; For coplex arguets od Χ 1 Re 1 Χ 1 I 1 With Ceilig For real arguets

12 od ; od ; od Θ Χ 1 ; For coplex arguets od ; Re I od ; Re I od ; Re I od ; Re I od Θ Χ Re 1 Θ Χ I od With ItegerPart For real arguets od it ; od it 1 ; od it sg Χ Θ 1 ; For coplex arguets

13 od it ; Re 0 I od it 1 ; 0 Re 0 I od it ; 0 Re 0 I od it 1 ; Re 0 I od it 1 sg Χ I Θ I sg Χ Re Θ Re With FractioalPart For real arguets od frac ; od frac 1 ; od frac sg Χ Θ 1 ; For coplex arguets od frac ; Re 0 I od frac 1 ; 0 Re 0 I od frac ; 0 Re 0 I od frac 1 ; Re 0 I od frac 1 sg Χ I Θ I sg Χ Re Θ Re

14 14 With Quotiet od quotiet, With eleetary fuctios od Π ta1 cot Π ; Zeros od 0 ; 0 0 Theores Liear cogruetial rado uber geerator A sequece of pseudorado ubers r k is geerated by r k1 a r k cod, with a, c,, 0, 0 a, 0 c, 0 r 0. Chiese reaider theore Let 1,,, be pairwise relatively prie itegers gcd i, k 1 ; i k. The for give itegers z 1, z,, z there exists a uique (od k ) iteger z such that z od k z k. Legedre theore If a, b, c gcda, b gcda, c gcdb, c 0 a, b, c, the the equatio a x b x c z 0 has otrivial solutios for x, y, z if ad oly if the equatios x b c od a 0 y a c od b 0 z a b od c 0 are solvable. Gauss' Easter forula Easter Suday is the i j 1 th day after the 1st of March, where i 8 h,9 7 h,8 Θa h,9 1 h,8 Θa 11, j b 4c6igod 7, h f 19aod 30, a year od 19, b year od 4, c year od 7, d 8year , e year 100 year 400, f 15 e dod 30, g 6 eod 7. History C. F. Gauss (1801) itroduced the sybol od Applicatios iclude pseudo-rado uber geeratio.

15 15 Copyright This docuet was dowloaded fro fuctios.wolfra.co, a coprehesive olie copediu of forulas ivolvig the special fuctios of atheatics. For a key to the otatios used here, see Please cite this docuet by referrig to the fuctios.wolfra.co page fro which it was dowloaded, for exaple: To refer to a particular forula, cite fuctios.wolfra.co followed by the citatio uber. e.g.: This docuet is curretly i a preliiary for. If you have coets or suggestios, please eail coets@fuctios.wolfra.co , Wolfra Research, Ic.

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