Synthetic Fibre Dyeing

Transcription

1 Synthetic Fibre Dyeing Edited by Chris Hawkyard PhD FSDC CCol Formerly lecturer in colour scienceand printing, Department oft extiles, UMST, Manchester, UK 2004 Society of Dyers and Colourists

2 Contents Contributors viii Preface ix CHAPTERl Fibre production by J E Mcntyre General introduction 1,..;.... Principles of polymerisation 1 13 ntermediates for synthetic fibres 8, 1-. Principles of fibre production 13 L5 Fibrestructure Polyester fibres Polyamide fibres Acrylic and modacrylic fibres Elastane fibres 38 LW Cellulose acetate and triacetate 41 Ll Polyolefin fibres 43 References 44 CHAPTER2... t -~... ~ --'J...,......,-. -~- Dyeing of polyester fibres by G Mock lntroduction 45 Preparation of polyester fibres for dyeing 48 Disperse dyes 49 Exhaust dyeing 58 Continuous dyeing of 100%polyester 66 Solvent and solvent-assisted dyeing 66 Fastness properties ofdisperse dyeson polyester 68 Correction of faults in dyed materials 70 Finishing processes 72 Thermofixation 73 Disperse dyes for the automotive industry 76 New polyester fibres 77 References 80 45

3 CHAPTER CHAPTER Nylon dyeing by D M Lewis and D J Marfell ntroduction 82 Dyeing nylon with acid dyes 85 Dyeing nylon with disperse dyes 96 Nylons with modified dyeing properties 96 Dyeing nylon with reactive dyes 98 Crosslinking dyes on nylon 107 Photodegradation and photostabilisation ofsynthetic polyamide fibres 111 Practical coloration processes for polyamide fibres 114 Stain-blocking treatments 117 Concluding comments 119 References 119 Acrylic and modacrylic fibres by R Cox ntroduction Preparation of acrylic and modacrylic fibres for dyeing 125 Physical and chemical properties in relation to dyeing 128 Basic dyes 131 Dyeing acrylic fibres with basic dyes 140 Dyeing modacrylic fibres with basic dyes 155 Disperse dyes 157 Dyeing acrylic fibres with disperse dyes 158 Dyeing modacrylic fibres with disperse dyes 160 Finishingprocesses 160 Correction of faults in dyed materials 160 Gel dyeing 161 References 162, >- CHAPTER Dyeing of acetate and triacetate fibres by P Mears ntroduction 164 Preparation before dyeing 170 Dyeing of acetate and triacetate 174 Dyeing with disperse dyes 175 Dyeing with other dye classes 193 Dyeing proced ures 196 Fastness properties 207 Finishing processes 212 Correction of faults in dyed materials 214 References ! vi

4 ..-\PTER 6 Mass pigmentation and solution dyeing of synthetic fibres by B L Kaul 218 ' lntroduction 218 Solution dyeing production technology 219 Physical form of colorants 219 Solution dyeing of polyester 220 Solution dyeing of nylons 220 Solution dyeing of polyolefin fibres 224 Solution dyeing ofpolyacrilonitrile 230 Solution dyeing of aramids 230 Solution dyeing of acetate fibres 233 Future 234 References 234 '7:\PTER 7 Dyeing of mierofibres by M Bide 235 lntroduction 235 Methods of production 242 Colorationofmicrofibres 245 Polyester 252 Polyamide 258 Acrylic fibres 261 Blends 262 References 264 APTER8 Dyeing and finishing of fabries containing elastane by M 0 Hunt 266 lntroduction 266 Elastane end-uses 268 Dyeing and finishing 269 Conclusions 274 References 275 index 276 vii

5 E - Contributors Prof)E Mein"". Consultantin textileindustries,harrogare,uk Dr G Mock Professorof textile engineering,department oftextile Engineering,Chemistry and Science, ~ Textiles,North CaroUnaStare University, Raleigh,North Carolina, USA Prof D M Lewis Headof department,departmentof ColourChemistry,Universityof Leeds,Leeds,UK Dr D J Marfell Farmerly research associare, lnvista, Gloucesrer, UK w' 1 İ. Mr R Cox Amicorrechnicalmarketingmanager,AcordisAcrylicFibres,Bradford,UK Mr P Mears Formerly technical development manager, Novaceta Ltd (farmerly Courtaulds pie), Spor1.:b1. Derby,UK Dr B L Kaul Managing director,mca TechnologiesGmbH, Bie/-Benken, Switzerland,Ị,, 1 Prof M Bide Headof department,departmentoftextiles,universityof Rhodelsland,Kingsrm.~ USA ls..= DrMOHunt Senior researchchemist, Technicaland Marketing Development, lnvista (f~ lnteriors), High Point, North Carolina, USA DsJb-::;:-: viii

6