manufacture Advances in carpet The Textile Institute Edited by K. K. Goswami Woodhead publishing limited Oxford Cambridge New Delhi

Transcription

1 Woodhead Publishing in Textiles: Number 87 Advances in carpet manufacture Edited by K. K. Goswami The Textile Institute Boca Raton CRC Press Boston New York Washington, DC Woodhead publishing limited Oxford Cambridge New Delhi

2 Contents Contributor contact details Woodhead Publishing in Textiles xi ix 1 Carpet types and requirements 1 D Whitefoot, CText, FTI, UK 1.1 The role of textiles in floor coverings Types of textile used as floor coverings Methods of carpet construction Future trends Sources of further information and advice 18 2 Structure and properties of carpet fibres and yarns 19 SKChaudhuri and S Bandyopadhyay, Australian Wool Innovation, India 2.1 Introduction Structure and properties of carpet fibres Carpet yarn manufacturing Carpet yarn engineering Yarn finishing Carpet yam testing and quality control Future trends Sources of further information and advice References 43 3 Advances in carpet weaving 44 SDemey,NV Michel Van de Wiele, Belgium 3.1 Introduction Face-to-face carpet weaving Axminster weaving 58

3 vi Contents 3.4 Wire Wilton and loop pile weaving Automation in carpet-weaving mills Management of carpet-weaving factory Conclusions 75 4 Developments in wool carpet manufacture 77 E J W O O D, AgResearch Ltd, New Zealand 4.1 Introduction Wool supply and early stage processing Processing routes for wool Technologies for wool carpet yarns Manufacturing techniques for wool carpets Technologies for tufting wool carpets Wool carpet performance Selecting the most appropriate wool carpet Future trends Sources of further information and advice References Developments in textile sports surfaces 102 GSCHOUKENS, Ghent University, Belgium 5.1 Introduction Key requirements of sports surfaces Types of textiles used in relation to the sports surfaces Role of textiles in meeting performance requirements Sliding and temperature, related to the used textiles Future trends Applications and examples of artificial turf fields Acknowledgements References Developments in handmade carpets: introduction 138 KKGoswami, Indian Institute of Carpet Technology, India 6.1 Introduction The history of handmade carpets Modem handmade carpet production Carpet production 6.5 Carpet production in India 144 in Iran Carpet production in China Carpet production in Pakistan Carpet production in Nepal Carpet production in Turkey 152

4 Contents vii 6.10 Carpet production in Europe The international trade in carpets Terminology in carpet production The role of handmade carpets in modern carpet production Choosing and maintaining a handmade carpet Acknowledgements References 172 Appendix: terminology relating to handmade carpets Developments in handmade carpets: design and manufacture 182 K K GOSWAMI, Indian Institute of Carpet Technology, India 7.1 Introduction: key issues in design Traditional carpet designs Key stages in design Carpet materials Sheep wool Silk Cotton Other natural fibres Synthetic fibres Backing materials Manufacturing techniques Key terms in manufacturing Weaving of handmade carpets Carpet knots Dyeing Dyeing of wool Chemical processing and dyeing of silk Natural colours for wool and silk carpets Eco-friendly and organic carpet manufacture Colour matching Quality issues Customer attitudes to quality Acknowledgements References Reducing static electricity in carpets 269 JSmallwood, Electrostatic Solutions Ltd, UK 8.1 Introduction Principles of static electricity in carpeted environments Methods of reducing static electricity in carpet materials Test methods and standards 281

5 viii Contents 8.5 Applications Future trends Sources of further information and advice Acknowledgement References and further reading Developments in the thermal processing of carpets 291 W Carr and H DONG, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA and H S Lee, Cerro Flow Products, Inc., USA 9.1 Introduction Carpet yarn twist setting Carpet dyeing and finishing Carpet drying after dyeing and finishing Latex curing Energy consumption and management Future trends References 309 Index 311