Ionic Activated Viscose Fibres

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1 49 th Man-Made Fibre Congress Dornbirn Ionic Activated Viscose Fibres Dr. Roland Scholz, R&D, Kelheim Fibres Gmb

2 Ionic Activated Viscose Fibres Overview 1. Kelheim Fibres a short introduction 2. Viscose fibres process, properties, applications 3. Dye absorption characteristics of ionic activated viscose fibres 4. Summary 2

Kelheim Fibres Producer of Speciality Viscose Fibres ead Office Kelheim Germany Capacity Staff ~ 75.

3 Kelheim Fibres Producer of Speciality Viscose Fibres ead Office Kelheim Germany Capacity Staff ~ to/year ~ 500 people Turnover ~ 150 Mill Accumulated R&D know how from most of the historically leading viscose producers : Süddeutsche Zellwolle AG Kelheim, start-up of viscose fibre production oechst AG Acquisition of a majority shareholding oechst AG Werk Kelheim Courtaulds European Fibres Joint Venture oechst and Courtaulds Acordis Kelheim Gmb Kelheim Fibres Gmb Take-over by EQUI- Fibres Gmb (DANUFIL ) 3

4 Cellulose A very important Organic Polmyer Cellulose provides structure to the world of plants the fibre component in the high-performance composite wood multi-functional molecule, polymorphic no synthetic polymer offers this spectrum of structures and properties renewable, ecologically worthwhile 4

5 Viscose Fibres Chemistry made by Nature C 2 O O O O Cellulose O O O O C 2 O O Cellulose Xanthogenate +NaO + CS 2 Cell. O C S SNa Regenerated Cellulose C 2 O O O O O + 2 SO 4 O O O O C 2 O O + CS 2 + Na 2 SO 4 5 Regeneration process: Conversion of inhomogeneous cellulosic fibres (pulp) to well-defined tailor-made cellulosic fibres (viscose)

6 Viscose Fibres A Natural Cycle beech trees 6

7 Viscose Fibres Tailor-made Properties and Span of Application Unrivalled properties physiologically neutral, skin-friendly superb next-to-skin comfort, soft to touch hydrophilic, perfect moisture management restricted growth of micro organisms chemical stability chemical reactivity (dyeability, processability, adaptability) brilliant colours not-melting 7

8 Viscose Fibres Ionic Modification Ionic activation of viscose fibres Covalent bonding O C 2 O O O O O O O C 2 O O Incorporation of ionic additives, e.g. polyelectrolytes O NMe 3 NR 3 Coating of fibres NR 3 8

Ionic Activated Viscose Fibres for Superior Dyeing Cationic activated Deep Dye fibre for yarns and textiles Originally devoloped for superior dyeability of viscose fibres Differential dyeing Special

9 Ionic Activated Viscose Fibres for Superior Dyeing Cationic activated Deep Dye fibre for yarns and textiles Originally devoloped for superior dyeability of viscose fibres Differential dyeing Special dyeing effects and patterns (e.g. melange) One bath dyeing with polyester fibres Saving of dye, salt, water, energy, time and cost Less environmental impact Test of new approach for cationised fibre Decolouration of aqueous media Attraction and capture of anionic substances Standard Viscose Competitive dyeing in one bath Standard Viscose Deep Dye 9

10 Dye Absorption Capacity and Kinetics Direct Dyes Testing of dye adsorption / absorption properties Direct Blue 71 (Formula: ) 10 Absorption trials with different direct dyes: Direct Blue 71, Direct Red 80, Direct Yellow 162

11 Test Parameters Dye Absorption Capacity 60 C, 60 min 20 C 2 C/min - keep remaining dye solution - rinse fibre X % dye / mass of fibre no classical dyeing conditions no salt, no alkali analysis of remaining dye solution 11

12 Dye Absorption Capacity Criteria Direct Blue 71 colour intensity of fibre colour intensity of remaining solution 12

13 Dye Absorption Curves 13 At a certain amount of dystuff remaining solution not totally colourless but fibre takes up additional dyestuff

Dyestuff in Remaining Solution Direct Blue 71 1.

14 Dyestuff in Remaining Solution Direct Blue Photometric measurement Judgement of colour intensity Definition of threshold 99,8 % of dystuff has to be absorbed 0,02 % remaining dyestuff in solution allowed Visual rating of solution clear appearance of solution

15 Distribution of Direct Dye in the Fibre Low dye concentration igh dye concentration Direct Blue 71 Cationised Viscose Standard Viscose homogeneous distribution of dye stuff utilisation of total fibre cross-section 15

16 Dyeing of Cationised Fibre with Cationic Dye Viscose Victoria Blue B 16 Cationised Viscose Typical dyeing conditions (!) Cationised fibre absorbs cationic dyesuff Catonised fibre absorbs even more cationic dye than standard viscose fibre

17 Capacity Dependency on the Level of Ionic Activation Dye Pick up at 100 % Activation Increase of dye concentration at start of dye pick up test Direct Blue 71 Dye absorption capacity increases with level of cationic activation (s-shaped curves) 17

18 Capacity Dependency on Total Fibre Surface 18 No dependency on total fibre surface consistent with a homogeneous distribution of dye in fibre volume

absorption capacity similar for different tested direct dyes Trichromic test shows a slightly varying affinity

19 Capacity Different Direct Dyes Remaining Solutions after Dye Pick-up with cationised fibre Direct Blue Direct Red Trichromic Trichromic solutions (reference): - Direct Yellow Direct Blue 71 - Direct Red 80 Dye absorption capacity similar for different tested direct dyes Trichromic test shows a slightly varying affinity to different dyes colour of remaining liquid is different to original trichromic solution Capacity depends on specific dye 19

20 Capacity Dependency on Textile Making-Up of Fibres Conversion of Deep Dye Fibre to nonwoven with standard equipment possilbe 20 Unchanged dye absorption capacity no wash out in spunlace process Improved absorption capacity with dimensional stable fabrics

21 Test Parameters Dye Absorption Kinetics 60 C 20 C 2 C/min 10 min 20 min 30 min - keep remaining dye solution - rinse fibre X % dye / mass of fibre no salt no caustic soda Pre-Tests: Basic parameters as used for capacity tests time Analysis of remaining solution 21

22 Kinetics Dependency on the Level of Cationic Activation Increased dye absorption speed with increasing level of cationic activation 22 Almost complete absorption within 10 min

23 Kinetics Dependency on ttextile Making-Up of Fibres 23 Indication: increased dye absorption speed with increasing dimensional stability of fabric

24 Dye Transfer Test Parameters Dye transfer test: Simulation of real conditions in laundry bleeding of dye from textile fabric Bleeding textile fabrics: C.I. Direct Orange 39 on Cotton C.I. Reactive Black 5 on Cotton C.I. Acid Blue 113 on Polyamide 24

Dye Transfer Test Parameters Parameter in accordance to DIN ISO 105-C06 Test for colour fastness to domestic and commercial laundering Components of Dye Transfer Test Bleeding

25 Dye Transfer Test Parameters Parameter in accordance to DIN ISO 105-C06 Test for colour fastness to domestic and commercial laundering Components of Dye Transfer Test Bleeding Fabric Adjacent Fabric Deep Dye Fibre ECE-laundry detergent Steel balls (6 mm diameter) 30 min, 60 C Wool PAN PES PA 6.6 Cotton 2,5 Acetate Bleeding Fabric Adjacent Fabric (segmented) 25

26 Test method and evaluation Adjacent Fabric C.I Direct Orange 39 C.I. Acid Blue 113 C.I. Reactive Black 5 Wool PAN PES PA 6.6 Cotton 2,5 Acetate 26 Staining of reference textile without Deep Dye fibre Use of a grey reference scale to judge level of staining

27 Dye transfer with {Cotton / Direct Orange 39} Transfer inhibition with Deep Dye fibre Adjacent Fabric Reference DD (low) DD (medium) DD (high) Wool PAN PES PA 6.6 Cotton 2,5 Acetate 27 Deep Dye fibres after transfer test

28 Dye Transfer with {Polyamide / Acid Blue 113} Transfer inhibition with Deep Dye fibre Adjacent Fabric Reference DD (low) DD (medium) DD (high) Wool PAN PES PA 6.6 Cotton 2,5 Acetate 28 Deep Dye fibres after transfer test

29 Dye Transfer with {Cotton / Reactive Black 5} Transfer inhibition with Deep Dye fibre Adjacent Fabric Reference DD (medium) DD (high) Wool PAN PES PA 6.6 Cotton 2,5 Acetate 29 Deep Dye fibres after transfer test

Summary and conclusions Investigations prove the potential of cationised Deep Dye fibre to capture anionic substances and for decolouring of aqueous media Capacity, kinetics, colour transfer Affinity

30 Summary and conclusions Investigations prove the potential of cationised Deep Dye fibre to capture anionic substances and for decolouring of aqueous media Capacity, kinetics, colour transfer Affinity to different dyes Standard Viscose Deep Dye The level of cationic activation controls colour absorption characteristics of Deep Dye fibre omogeneous distribution of dye in the fibre cross section No dependence of dye absorption capacity on total fibre surface Conversion of Deep Dye Fibre to nonwoven with standard equipment possible, without loss of activity 30

31 Acknowledgements University of Applied Sciences of, Faculty of Textile and Design ochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Fachhochschule of Dipl.-Ing. Dana Dedinski Diploma Thesis Prof. Michael Rauch Textiltechnologie, Verfahrenstechnik der Textilveredlung 31

32 TANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION 32

New Sustainable Chemistry

New Sustainable Chemistry Craig Lawrance Technical Manager, Textile Centre of Excellence craiglawrance@textile-training.com 4th April 2017 3rd Thematic Presentation, Bucharest Sustainability Challenges