Reentry Thermal Protection Systems. NASA Roadmap Feedback
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1 Reentry Thermal Protection Systems NASA Roadmap Feedback Bill Willcockson Lockheed Martin Space & Exploration Systems March 11,
2 Lockheed Martin Space Exploration Division Experience Re-Entry Related Flight Programs Small unmanned missions, Modest $ value Mars Entry Viking Mars Pathfinder (Aeroshell) Mars 2001 / Phoenix Mars Exploration Rover (Aeroshell) Mars Science Laboratory (Aeroshell) Earth Entry Stardust Sample Return Capsule Genesis Sample Return Capsule Phoenix Mars Lander Jupiter / Venus Entry (former GE Reentry Systems) Pioneer Venus Probes (Aeroshell + Parachutes) Galileo Probe (Aeroshell + Parachutes) Stardust Probe Aerobraking Magellan Mars Global Surveyor Mars Odyssey Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Galileo Probe 2
3 Aeroshell TPS Types Flight Program Experience Low-Energy SLA-561V SLA-565S High-Energy PICA Carbon-Carbon Very-High-Energy Carbon-Phenolic W/cm2 Monolithic W/cm2 Monolithic / Tiled 50,000 W/cm2 + Monolithic Affordability paradigm fits with LM small probe experience 3
4 Affordability Comparison of Two Large TPS Systems - MSL Comparable Size TPS Compare: PICA & SLA for MSL (>3X cost) PICA (Heatshield) Tiled Application 1) Design Tile Layout 2) Manufacture Billets 3) Precision Machining 4) Tile Dry-Fit 5) Tile Application 6) Gap-Fill SLA-561V (Backshell) Monolithic Application 1) Prep Flexcore 2) Bond Flexcore 3) Pack Material 4) Surface Finish While more capable, PICA is more expensive to incorporate on large-scale due to tiling Challenge: Produce a TPS with PICA-Like Performance but SLA-Like Affordability 4
5 Monolithic High Heat Rate Ablator - MonA Carbon Phenolic, Slurry-based TPS developed under LM IR&D Project D-90d in 1995 Leverage off Cost-Effective SLA-561V Production Process (TPS in Honeycomb) Unique Formulations for Ablator and Gap Filler Applications PICA MonA Preliminary Tests Show Equivalent Performance Low Density (~0.29 g/cc) Material for Primary Heatshield Graded MonA Optimizes TPS Performance with Depth (dual-attribute cured material) - Top Level Robust Ablator (standard MonA) - Bottom Level Low-Density Insulator Arcjet Test Specimens MonA Selected by NASA Ames for TDP Program - TRL Improvement Technology Program - Material Has Passed Phase 1 Gate MonA Graded Specimen 5
6 Deployable Aeroshell Technology LM has investigated variety of deployable aeroshells under NASA / DARPA Studies Inflatable Flexible In-Space AID NRA, Rapideye DARPA, Aeromorphing Supersonic Decelerator Deployable Flexible AOTV Phase A Study (1984) Deployable Rigid Manned Mars Systems Study, Mars 2001 Lander Main Issue is Flexible TPS Robust to In-Flight Heating & Flutter IR&D testing of flex TPS to 120 W/cm2 Mixed Success to Date No Flutter Testing Yet Intermediate Option Deployable rigid panels Not as efficient as deployable flexible but available sooner OTV 1980 s AID NRA 2000 s 6
7 Old TPS Technology While Developing New Technology, Don t Lose the Old Cost & Schedule may require proven system SLA-561V used on many successful entry missions Viking, Mars Pathfinder, Phoenix, MER, Stardust (BS), MSL (BS) Monolithic material with continuous application Ablator packed into pre-bonded flexcore Regional pack using 1-2 ft sq areas Originally developed in early 1970 s Successful stagnation tests from 10 to 400+ W/cm2 Flexcore Pre-Bonded to Struct MSL Experience Originally slated for heatshield High shear test anomalies forced switch to PICA Used on MSL Backshell (thruster plume interaction heating) Overall Although old, the material is very efficient (thermally & cost) Flight certified & space qualified for use on heatshields IRAD tests of minor mod to increase shear capability SLA Heatshield Cross-Section (TPS+Struct) 7
8 Wrap-up LM-SES has produced multiple flight aeroshells for NASA Unmanned probe missions using multiple TPS materials Flight certification a driving issue Production costs & schedule are key considerations Investment in TPS Resurrection of Carbon-Phenolic for Venus & Giant Planets Advanced TPS development funding for LBIR Small funding for maintenance of existing TPS Ingredient obsolescence Resolution of flight program issues (ex: MSL SLA) Dependent on NASA Program Support to Offset Arcjet Costs Keep industry involved (In-Space NRA example) Insights into Affordability (Certification, Production, Cost Impacts) 8
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