Explora(on Zones for Human Missions to the Surface of Mars
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1 Explora(on Zones for Human Missions to the Surface of Mars 1
2 Recent MEP Studies How can these objec(ves be pursued? Human Science Objec(ves Co-Chairs: D. Beaty, P. Niles Ex Officio: Bussey, Davis, Meyer Human Landing Site Selec(on Coordinators: Davis, Bussey, Meyer ISRU & Civil Engineering Co-Chairs: S. Hoffman, R. Mueller Ex Officio: Bussey, Davis What are the Base & Explora(on Zone criteria? What & where are the resources needed? Where & what should humans explore? Next Orbiter Op(ons OR OR Science Objec(ves Co-Chairs: R. Zurek, B. Campbell Ex Officio: Meyer, Bussey
3 HSO-SAG Charter - Introduc(on Introduc(on Sending humans to Mars is a top NASA priority and the Agency believes that such missions will significantly expand the amount of science that can be accomplished on the planet. If carefully planned and executed, the Agency sees a natural and symbio(c interdependency between robo(c and human missions to Mars. The purpose of this SAG is to: 1. Es(mate what our level of scien(fic knowledge will be by the (me we send humans to Mars 2. Assess how humans on the surface can best be used to significantly enhance science achieved 3. Characterize and priori(ze the science that will be achieved by humans.
4 HSO-SAG Planning Overview Task 1 Forecast of state of scien(fic knowledge of Mars 5-8 years ahead of the human mission. Task 2 Update to the analysis of the most efficient methods for using robots and humans to perform scien(fic fieldwork. ANTECEDENTS Task 3 Analysis of the op(ons and priori(es for scien(fic objec(ves. Task 5 Criteria used to iden(fy science sites of interest for future human explora(on. MOST SIGNIFICANT NEAR-TERM PRODUCTS Task 4 Operability: Iden(fy the (me, equipment and work processes required to achieve objec(ves in Task #3. INPUT TO FUTURE MISSION PLANNING INPUT TO EZ & SCIENCE ROI SELECTION PROCESS
5 Mars Odyssey Mars Missions That Will/May Contribute Ac(ve Missions as of 2015 Mars Express (ESA) Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter New Data Prior to 2030 MAVEN MOM 2016 Trace Gas Orbiter (ESA) Announced future missions Emirates Mars Mission Poten(al Missions in the 2020s Next Orbiter(s) 2030 Human Explora<on Precursor Missions Mars Explora<on Rover(s) Mars Science Laboratory Mars InSight ExoMars Rover (ESA) 2020 Mars Rover Mission Sample Return Lander
6 Forecast of 2030s Science Objec(ves Top-Level elements unlikely to change significantly by 2030 Some change likely (but hard to predict specifics) Significant change certain A proximal human would add greatest value to science in: 1. Establishing geologic context (field observa(ons and field measurements) 2. Sampling 3. Sample prep and analysis in a habitat-based laboratory 4. Field inves(ga(ons/analyses 1/21/16 6
7 Poten(al Future Discoveries There are several upcoming missions that promise science results before Addi(onal exci(ng results are expected from ongoing analysis of data returned from present and past missions, Mars meteorite research, interdisciplinary insights, and technological advancements. Certain low probability, high impact events (e.g discovery of extant life) would have a significant influence on planning. EXAMPLES OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES THAT ARE POSSIBLE BY 2035 A B C Discovery of evidence for ancient life through future rover inves(ga(ons, Mars sample return, ongoing data analysis, or Mars meteorite inves(ga(ons. Discovery of a poten(al subsurface source for trace gas emissions including methane through future orbital measurements or ongoing data analysis. Discovery of buried equatorial ice or near surface water through future rover inves(ga(ons, ongoing data analysis, or orbital measurements. Note: List not exhaus>ve many other discoveries possible
8 What we don t know about Mars Methane? Atmosphere/Surface interac(on? How was ancient Mars warm enough for liquid water? Composi(on of the subsurface below one meter Where are the resources, what is their nature, and how much? Are there habitable zones today? Was/is there life on Mars?
9 Mars was habitable, could be have been inhabited, may be today, and could be in the future.
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