the ExoMars Entry, Descent & Landing Science
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1 AMELIA (Atmospheric Mars Entry and Landing Investigations & Analysis) the ExoMars Entry, Descent & Landing Science F. Ferri 1, O. Karatekin 2, A. Aboudan 1, B. Van Hove 2 G. Colombatti 1,, C. Bettanini 1, S. Debei 1, S. Lewis 3, F. Forget 4, S. Asmar 5 1 Università degli Studi di Padova, Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali Giuseppe Colombo (CISAS) (francesca.ferri@unipd.it) 2 Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB), Brussels, Belgium 3 School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK. 4 Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, UPMC BP 99, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France 5 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology - NASA, Pasadena, CA, USA EuroPlanet Workshop: ExoMars Atmospheric Science and Missions Workshop Saariselkä, Finland March 2017
2 In situ measurements Upper atmosphere CO 2 ice clouds winds surface level thermal tides gravity waves First in situ measurements of the Mars atmospheric structure by URSS Mars 6 before crashing [Kerzhanovich, 1977] To date only seven vertical profiles of density, pressure and temperature derived from in situ measurements: Viking 1 & 2 in day time [Seiff & Kirk, 1977] MarsPathfinder at night time [Schofield et al. 1997; Magalhães et al. 1999] Two more profiles from Mars Exploration Rovers (MER): Spirit and Opportunity [Withers & Smith 2006] with much lower accuracy. Phoenix: first profile from the martian polar regions [Withers & Catling 2010] MSL-Curiosity [Holstein-Rathlou et al. 2016]
3 ExoMars AMELIA EDL science Atmospheric Mars Entry and Landing Investigations & Analysis (AMELIA) to exploit the EDLS engineering measurements for scientific investigations of Mars atmosphere and surface. Entry Descent Landing
4 Schiaparelli EDL scenario Crash landing
5 Schiaparelli impact site MRO HiRiSe image on 28 Oct 2016 MRO CTX image on 20 Oct 2016
6 Schiaparelli flight data for AMELIA Doppler tracking (TGO/MEx/GMRT Pune) Essential data set: GNC estimates (derived from IMU) FADS heat shield pressures Radar altimeter (very few samples)
7 UHF radio Signal from GMRT at PUNE, India ESOC main control center
8 Doppler tracking by TGO Doppler shift samples 14:42:23 Start of Plasma Blackout 14:45:23 Parachute opening 14:42:22 Start of EIP Doppler rate as computed from simulation Including TX frequency compensation 14:46:49 Backshell separation Doppler pre-steering 14:43:32 End of Plasma Blackout 14:47:27 LOS
9 Schiaparelli flight data end of blackout: EIP+91 s EDM acceleration load factor heat shield pressure measurements
10 INPUT FOR AMELIA SIMULATION/RECONSTRUCTION EDL Measurements GNC measurements: IMU, RDA, (SDS) TPS sensors: FADs (pressure sensors) Doppler tracking of the EDM UHF signal Entry state vector Mars models (e.g. gravity, atmosphere) EDM dynamical models 3-6 DoF Entry model 9 DoF Descent model + Extended Kalman filtering EDM TRAJECTORY & ATTITUDE ATMOSPHERIC PROFILE
11 DESCENT RECONSTRUCTION MIMU saturation detected checking the angle between GNC velocity and sensed acceleration Oscillations at parachute opening produced using a physical model (too many degrees of freedom) Angular rate computed from sensed accelerations
12 DESCENT RECONSTRUCTION Attitude 10s before RCS on
13 Schiaparelli landing groundtrack Impact site: Lon: E Lat: N
14 ATMOSPHERIC RECONSTRUCTION Density
15 ATMOSPHERIC RECONSTRUCTION Pressure
16 ATMOSPHERIC RECONSTRUCTION Temperature
17 Tools to model the environment Mars Climate Database: www-mars.lmd.jussieu.fr 17
18 MRO: HIRISE, and MCS Data available for Schiaparelli CTX and HIRISE observations of the impact site MCS (inverted profile of T + dust + cloud + estimated dust column optical depth) Mars Express / PFS: Temperatures; dust opacities up to 3 nightime/3daytime measurements Opportunity dust opacity measurements At least 1 measurement / day Lemmon
19 ATMOSPHERIC RECONSTRUCTION Schiaparelli vs models / data assimlation Mars Climate Database (MCD 5.2) scenarios Schiaparelli Meridiani Planum 2.05 S -6.2 E L S LMST 13:00
20 ATMOSPHERIC RECONSTRUCTION Schiaparelli vs models / data assimlation OU GMC with data assimilation; MRO-MCS obs Schiaparelli Meridiani Planum 2.05 S -6.2 E L S MY33 LMST 13:00
21 EDM profile vs models/data assimilation Mars Climate Database (MCD 5.2) scenarios; OU GMC with data assimilation; MRO-MCS obs Schiaparelli Meridiani Planum 2.05 S -6.2 E L S MY33 LMST 13:00
22 EDM profile vs models/data assimilation Schiaparelli Meridiani Planum 2.05 S -6.2 E L S LMST 13:00 MPF N, E L S 142,7 02:58 LT nightime
23 MEx-PFS observations over Schiaparellli landing site 8 spot-pointing observations over Schiaparelli landing site: 2 before (Oct16, 18) and 6 after landing (Oct 20,21,22, 23,25,27)
24 Conclusions Atmospheric reconstruction from dynamic pressures is consistent with the one retrieved from GNC/inertial sensors. Need to validate flight data and verify the trajectory reconstruction, before assessing a consolidated atmospheric profile. Putting the experience and the lessons learned into perspectives for ExoMars 2020 EDL. Schiaparelli Investigation Anomaly / Inquiry Review Board still to be completed.
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