Forensic Engineering. Mechanical Engineering Edition Vol. III. NAFE Journal Papers on. Forensic Engineering Collection

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1 NAFE Journal Papers on Forensic Engineering Mechanical Engineering Edition Vol. III Forensic Engineering Collection Advanced Accident Reconstruction BioMedical Civil Electrical Mechanical Legal/Ethical i

2 NAFE Journal Editor [ ], and Executive Director, E. Joyce Dixon, NAFE Founder NAFE Journal Editor [1999 to date], NAFE Founding President and Executive Director Marvin M. Specter, P.E., L.S., F.NSPE, Hon.M. ASCE 2011 National Academy of Forensic Engineers, NAFE All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of NAFE. ISBN: Material published in this Journal, including all interpretations and conclusions contained in papers, articles, and speeches, are those of the specific author or authors and do not necessarily represent the view of the National Academy of Forensic Engineers (NAFE) or its members. Printed in the U.S.A. ii

3 Preface THE HISTORY AND SOURCES OF THIS PUBLICATION The articles collected herein are reproduced without change from the original printed copies as they appeared in the Journal of the National Academy of Forensic Engineers. The conception in the late 1970 s of an Academy for continuing education and emphasis on competent, ethical practice by engineers in the jurisprudence system was suggested by E. Joyce Dixon, a sociologist and psychologist, and business associate of Marvin M. Specter, P.E., L.S. Mr. Specter then founded and implemented the proposed organization as NSPE President. Formal filing of the new Corporation was made on May 25, 1982, as documented in Journal paper, The Founding of NAFE and its Future, M.M. Specter, P.E., L.S., NAFE Journal, Vol. I, No 1, June, In a later writing, tribute was paid to E. Joyce Dixon, Recollections of Ten Years of NAFE by M.M. Specter, P.E., L.S. in NAFE Journal, Vol. IX, No. 2, December, The idea of a peer reviewed technical journal of forensic engineering practice was part of the original conception of the newly formed Academy. Following the 1983 invitation by NSPE President Specter, ninety of the new members attended the first general meeting and seminar of NAFE, held in January 1984 in San Francisco in conjunction with the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) meeting. The NAFE papers presented were edited by Executive Director E. Joyce Dixon, who conceived the format and produced the first NAFE Journal, June All the Journals up to the time of her death in July 1999 were based on seminar lectures which she authorized as Executive Director and assessed as Editor. These duties were taken over by Founding President Specter after Mrs. Dixon s passing, continuing as such to the present time. In addition, Mr. Specter, as NAFE Technical Review Chairman, has directed the Peer Review process for all the articles since the beginning, including those reprinted and presented in this compilation. In 2010 Laura L. Liptai, Ph.D., proposed that selected articles from the NAFE Journal be reprinted and republished in hard cover format to create a series of educational books on particular topics, beginning with her specialization of Forensic Biomedical Engineering. NAFE Secretary and Past President (2006) Michael Kravitz, P.E. had previously voluntarily proceeded with the task of scanning the Journals to create digital files of all previous Journal titles to distribute to NAFE members. Mr. Kravitz was able to select those titles concerning Forensic Engineering from the database that was created in the mid 1990 s by Joel T. Hicks, P.E. who with Mr. Kravitz anticipated the reprinting of the Journals in hard cover format. Encouragement toward this end has been given by President (2011) E. Smith Reed, P.E. as Publications Committee Chairman and as NAFE President. Particular credit and appreciation is due to those NAFE members and affiliates whose dedicated cooperation and professional inputs as speakers, authors and reviewers have made this possible. iii

4 Forward Forensic Engineering is the application of the art and science of engineering in matters which are in, or may possibly relate to, the jurisprudence system, inclusive of alternative dispute resolution. The National Academy of Forensic Engineers, NAFE, was founded to bring together those professional engineers who have attained substantial experience and recognition in forensic engineering practice. It seeks to improve the practice, elevate the standards, and advance the profession of forensic engineering. Mechanical engineering is a discipline of engineering that applies the principles of physics and materials science for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. It involves the production and usage of heat and mechanical power for the design, production, and operation of machines and tools. Mechanical engineering requires an understanding of mechanics, kinematics, thermodynamics, materials science, and structural analysis. Mechanical engineers use these principles along with computer aided engineering and product lifecycle management to design and analyze manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and machinery, heating and cooling systems, transport systems, aircraft, watercraft, robotics, medical devices and more. Mechanical engineering overlaps with aerospace engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, petroleum engineering, and chemical engineering. This collection of papers encompasses examples of Forensic Mechanical Engineering. The interpretation of physical evidence is an important element in the forensic engineering analysis of causal factors. Insights are gained from forensic analysis of failures from individual incidents that supplement data on the occurrence of causal factors. Forensic engineering offers insightful solutions to the improvement of human safety. The collection of peer reviewed Journal papers in the field of Mechanical Engineering forensics reflects the diversity of Mechanical Engineering. NAFE supports this diversity. This collection includes authors from various experience levels, methodological protocols and specialties. Fostering this diversity and periodic non homogeneous points of view challenges the thought processes, and in the end, we are better engineers. This collection expresses our appreciation to our colleagues throughout the world who are willing to share their work for educational purpose. iv

5 Table of Contents Title Month Year Page Forensic Engineering Comparison of Two & Three Dimensional Photogrammetric Accident Analysis Richard M. Ziernicki, Ph.D., P.E. and Stephen J. Fenton. P.E. June Additional Information for Forensic Engineers Regarding Nail Guns December H. Boulter Kelsey, Jr., P.E. Forensic Engineering Assessment of FAST and FASTLite Fire Modeling Software December William E. DeWitt, P.E. and David W. Goff Adopting a Standard Practice December HR. (Dick) Baumgardner Forensic Engineering Application of Fire Science Metallurgy June John E. Brynildson, P.E. Forensic Engineering Techniques to Reconstruct Shooting Incidents Richard M. Ziernicki, Ph.D., P.E. and Wendy S. Johnson June University Education in Forensic Engineering June William E. De Witt. P. E. Expanding Scope of an F.E. Investigation: Central Plant and Campus Loops June Milton N. Burgess, P.E. v

6 Table of Contents (cont.) Title Month Year Page Forensic Engineering Design, Construction and Use of Economical Mechanical Human Surrogates E. Smith Reed, P.E. December Forensic Engineering Overview: Threaded Fastener Joint Reliability and Failure Harold Josephs, P.E., C.S.P December Forensic Investigations in Alaska December Bryan F. Borjesson, P.E. Forensic Engineering Resource: On Board Vehicle Recording Devices William Rosenbluth and Mark A. Whelchel, P.E. June Forensic Engineering Report: A Moisture Litigious Hotel in Florida Paul Halyard, P.E. and Raymond E. Patenaude, P.E. June Forensic Report of 3D Modeling of Vehicle Occupant Dynamics David A. Renfroe, Ph.D., P.E. June Forensic Engineering Analysis of the Negative Effect of Hot Water Distribution Systems on Water Heater Operation Edward W. Saltzberg P.E. June vi

7 Table of Contents (cont.) Title Month Year Page Forensic Engineering Analysis of a Clean Room Failure Klas C. Haglid, P.E. December Forensic Engineering Resource: Dynamic Testing for Vehicle Rollover Threshold, Using a Programmable Steering Machine and Zero Roll Rate Feedback John Marcosky, P.E. December Forensic Engineering Analysis of Alleged Brake Defects Alan W. Thebert, P.E. December Forensic Engineering Use of Aerial Photography in Accident Reconstruction Mark A. Whelchel, P.E. June Forensic Engineering Analysis of Undeployed Air Bag in Impact William H. Ford, P.E. June Forensic Analysis of an Overheated Railway Tank Car Michael M. Sampsel, P.E. June Forensic Engineering Investigations of Residential and Small Commercial Building Fuel Gas Systems Involved in Fires and Explosions Joseph G. Leane, P.E., C.S.P. June vii

8 Table of Contents (cont.) Title Month Year Page Forensic Engineering Review of Forklift Truck Back Up Visibility Harold Josephs, Ph.D., P.E., C.S.P. June Forensic Engineering Preparation for Daubert/Kumho Challenges December John T. Butters, P.E. viii