Ink jet Inks. Chemistryof. The Chemistry of Inkjet Inks Downloaded from

Transcription

1 The Chemistryof Ink jet Inks

2 This page intentionally left blank

3 Chemistry The of Ink jet Inks Editor Shlomo Magdassi The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel World Scientific NEW JERSEY LONDON SINGAPORE BEIJING SHANGHAI HONG KONG TAIPEI CHENNAI

4 Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite , Hackensack, NJ UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. THE CHEMISTRY OF INKJET INKS Copyright 2010 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN ISBN Typeset by Stallion Press enquiries@stallionpress.com Printed in Singapore.

5 Contents Preface vii Part I: Basic Concepts 1 1. Inkjet Printing Technologies 3 Alan Hudd 2. Ink Requirements and Formulations Guidelines 19 Shlomo Magdassi 3. Equilibrium Wetting Fundamentals 43 Abraham Marmur 4. The Behaviour of a Droplet on the Substrate 55 Patrick J. Smith 5. Tailoring Substrates for Inkjet Printing 73 Moshe Frenkel Part II: Formulation and Materials for Inkjet Inks Pigments for Inkjet Applications 101 Alex Shakhnovich and James Belmont 7. Formulation and Properties of Waterborne Inkjet Inks 123 Christian Schmid 8. Solvent-Based Inkjet Inks 141 Josh Samuel and Paul Edwards 9. Formulating UV Curable Inkjet Inks 161 Sara E. Edison v

6 vi Contents 10. Raw Materials for UV Curable Inks 177 Ian Hutchinson 11. Unique Inkjet Ink Systems 203 Matti Ben-Moshe and Shlomo Magdassi Part III: Specialty Inkjet Materials Electrically Conductive Inks for Inkjet Printing 225 Moira M. Nir, Dov Zamir, Ilana Haymov, Limor Ben-Asher, Orit Cohen, Bill Faulkner and Fernando de la Vega 13. Inkjet 3D Printing 255 Eduardo Napadensky 14. Printing Bioinks with Technologically Relevant Applications Leila F. Deravi, David W. Wright and Jan L. Sumerel Printed Electronics 283 Vivek Subramanian 16. Ceramic Inks 319 Stefan Güttler and Andreas Gier Index 341

7 Preface Modern printing is based on digitizing information, and representation of the information on a substrate, such as paper, pixel by pixel. One of the most abundant methods of digital printing is through inkjet printers. These printers are widely used in office and home, and in industrial applications such as wide format printing. Until recently, most inkjet printing was performed in graphic applications, i.e., converting conventional printing of documents into digital printing. Inkjet printing was found to be so powerful, that the method was adopted to print various functional materials, such as conductive inks, light emitting diodes (LEDs), and even three dimensional structures. A reflection of this very active field is the large number of scientific and industrial conferences which takes place every year, and the huge number of patents which are published each year. Recently, there appears to be an increasing number of scientific papers on this subject, mainly focused on printing functional materials and unique properties of the printed patterns. The inkjet printing process is very complicated, and requires delicate tailoring of the chemical and physicochemical properties of the ink. The ink should meet the requirements which are related to storage stability, jetting performance, color management (in the case of graphic printing), wetting and adhesion on substrates. Obviously, these requirements, which represent different scientific disciplines, such as colloid chemistry, physics and chemical engineering, indicate the need for an interdisciplinary book, which will cover all aspects of making and utilizing inkjet inks. As can be seen in the table of content, the book provides basic and essential information on the important parameters which determine the ink performance, on ink formulations, and also provides insight into novel and exciting applications based on inkjet printing of functional materials. Therefore, I hope that the book will serve the large community of industrial chemists who deal with ink formulations vii

8 viii Preface and synthesis of chemicals for inks, chemical engineers and physicists which deal with rheological and flow properties of inks, as well as scientists in academic institutes who seek to develop novel applications based on inkjet printing of new materials. The various chapters of the book are written by experts from academic institutions as well as from leading companies in the field of ink formulations and raw materials manufacturing. The first five chapters of the book focus on fundamental aspects of printing technologies, pigments and ink formulations and, and interactions of the inks with the substrates. The next six chapters focus on actual inkjet inks formulations and raw materials, by discussing the main groups of inks: waterborne, solvent-based, and UV inks. The last five chapters present unique ink systems and functional inks, such as those for obtaining 3D structures or printed electronic devices. I would like to thank all the authors who put so much efforts to enable the publishing of this book. I also thank Dr. Vinetsky for her great help in finalizing the book, and the very professional team of World Scientific Publishing Co. Last but not least, many thanks to all my students who are performing exciting research on new materials and novel applications of inkjet printing. Professor Shlomo Magdassi The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel February 2009, Jerusalem