System Architecture. Strategy and Product Development for Complex Systems. Global edition. Global edition. Edward Crawley Bruce Cameron Daniel Selva

Transcription

1 System Architecture Global edition System Architecture Crawley Cameron Selva This is a special edition of an established title widely used by colleges and universities throughout the world. Pearson published this exclusive edition for the benefit of students outside the United States and Canada. If you purchased this book within the United States or Canada, you should be aware that it has been imported without the approval of the Publisher or Author. Strategy and Product Development for Complex Systems For these Global Editions, the editorial team at Pearson has collaborated with educators across the world to address a wide range of subjects and requirements, equipping students with the best possible learning tools. This Global Edition preserves the cutting-edge approach and pedagogy of the original, but also features alterations, customization, and adaptation from the North American version. Global edition Global edition Strategy and Product Development for Complex Systems Edward Crawley Bruce Cameron Daniel Selva Foreword by Norman R. Augustine Pearson Global Edition Crawley_fullcover.indd 1 11/7/15 6:31 PM

2 Vice President and Editorial Director, ECS: Marcia J. Horton Executive Editor: Holly Stark Senior Acquisitions Editor, Global Editions: Priyanka Ahuja Field Marketing Manager: Demetrius Hall Senior Product Marketing Manager: Bram van Kempen Marketing Assistant: Jon Bryant Senior Managing Editor: Scott Disanno Global HE Director of Vendor Sourcing and Procurement: Diane Hynes Director of Operations: Nick Sklitsis Operations Specialist: Maura Zaldivar-Garcia Senior Manufacturing Controller, Global Editions: Trudy Kimber Cover Designer: Lumina Datamatics Production Project Manager: Rose Kernan Project Editor, Global Editions: K.K. Neelakantan Program Manager: Erin Ault Manager, Rights and Permissions: Rachel Youdelman Media Production Manager, Global Editions: Vikram Kumar Associate Project Manager, Rights and Permissions: Timothy Nicholls Full-Service Project Management: George Jacob, Integra Cover Image: Boskalis Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: Pearson Education Limited 2016 The rights of Edward Crawley, Bruce Cameron, and Daniel Selva to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act Authorized adaptation from the United States edition, entitled System Architecture: Strategy and Product Development for Complex Systems, 1st edition, ISBN , by Edward Crawley, Bruce Cameron, and Daniel Selva published by Pearson Education All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a license permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6 10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. The use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such trademarks imply any affiliation with or endorsement of this book by such owners. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 10: ISBN 13: Typeset in 10/12, Times LT Sts by Integra Printed in Slovakia by Neografia

3 Systems Architecture, Global Edition Table of Contents Cover Title Page Copyright Page Contents Foreword Preface Part 1 System Thinking Introduction to System Architecture Architecture of Complex Systems The Advantages of Good Architecture Learning Objectives Organization of the Text System Thinking 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Systems and Emergence 2.3 Task 1: Identify the System, Its Form, and Its Function 2.4 Task 2: Identify Entities of a System, Their Form, and Their Function 2.5 Task 3: Identify the Relationships among the Entities 2.6 Task 4 Emergence 2.7 Summary Thinking about Complex Systems 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Complexity in Systems 3.3 Decomposition of Systems 3.4 Special Logical Relationships 3.5 Reasoning through Complex Systems 3.6 Architecture Representation Tools: SysML and OPM 3.7 Summary Part 2 Analysis of System Architecture Form 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Form in Architecture 4.3 Analysis of Form in Architecture 4.4 Analysis of Formal Relationships in Architecture

4 Table of Contents 4.5 Formal Context 4.6 Form in Software Systems 4.7 Summary Function 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Function in Architecture 5.3 Analysis of External Function and Value 5.4 Analysis of Internal Function 5.5 Analysis of Functional Interactions and Functional Architecture 5.6 Secondary Value-Related External and Internal Functions 5.7 Summary System Architecture 6.1 Introduction 6.2 System Architecture: Form and Function 6.3 Non-idealities, Supporting Layers, and Interfaces in System Architecture 6.4 Operational Behavior 6.5 Reasoning about Architecture Using Representations 6.6 Summary Solution-Neutral Function and Concepts 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Identifying the Solution-Neutral Function 7.3 Concept 7.4 Integrated Concepts 7.5 Concepts of Operations and Services 7.6 Summary From Concept to Architecture 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Developing the Level 1 Architecture 8.3 Developing the Level 2 Architecture 8.4 Home Data Network Architecture at Level Modularizing the System at Level Summary Part 3 Creating System Architecture The Role of the Architect 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Ambiguity and the Role of the Architect

5 Table of Contents 9.3 The Product Development Process 9.4 Summary Upstream and Downstream Influences on System Architecture 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Upstream Influence: Corporate Strategy 10.3 Upstream Influence: Marketing 10.4 Upstream Influence: Regulation and Pseudo-Regulatory Influences 10.5 Upstream Influence: Technology Infusion 10.6 Downstream Influence: ImplementationCoding, Manufacturing, and Supply Chain Management 10.7 Downstream Influence: Operations 10.8 Downstream Influence: Design for X 10.9 Downstream Influence: Product and System Evolution, and Product Families The Product Case: Architecture Business Case Decision (ABCD) Summary Translating Needs into Goals 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Identifying Beneficiaries and Stakeholders 11.3 Characterizing Needs 11.4 Interpreting Needs as Goals 11.5 Prioritizing Goals 11.6 Summary Applying Creativity to Generating a Concept 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Applying Creativity to Concept 12.3 Develop the Concepts 12.4 Expand the Concepts and Develop the Concept Fragments 12.5 Evolve and Refine the Integrated Concepts 12.6 Select a Few Integrated Concepts for Further Development 12.7 Summary Decomposition as a Tool for Managing Complexity 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Understanding Complexity 13.3 Managing Complexity 13.4 Summary Part 4 Architecture as Decisions

6 Table of Contents System Architecture as a Decision-Making Process 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Formulating the Apollo Architecture Decision Problem 14.3 Decisions and Decision Support 14.4 Four Main Tasks of Decision Support Systems 14.5 Basic Decision Support Tools 14.6 Decision Support for System Architecture 14.7 Summary Reasoning about Architectural Tradespaces 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Tradespace Basics 15.3 The Pareto Frontier 15.4 Structure of the Tradespace 15.5 Sensitivity Analysis 15.6 Organizing Architectural Decisions 15.7 Summary Formulating and Solving System Architecture Optimization Problems 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Formulating a System Architecture Optimization Problem 16.3 NEOSS Example: An Earth Observing Satellite System for NASA 16.4 Patterns in System Architecting Decisions 16.5 Formulating a Large-scale System Architecture Problem 16.6 Solving System Architecture Optimization Problems 16.7 Summary Appendices Chapter Problems Index Principles of System Architecture