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2 INTELLIGENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS Series Editors: Da Ruan (Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK.CEN) & Ghent University, Belgium) Jie Lu (University of Technology, Sdyney, Australia) Vol. 1 Vol. 2 Advances in Artificial Intelligence for Privacy Protection and Security edited by Agusti Solanas & Antoni Martínez-Ballesté (Rovira i Virgili University, Spain) E-Business in the 21st Century: Realities, Challenges and Outlook by Jun Xu (Southern Cross University, Australia) & Mohammed Quaddus (Curtin University of Technology, Australia)

3 Jun Xu Southern Cross University, Australia Mohammed Quaddus Curtin University of Technology, Australia World Scientific N E W J E R S E Y L O N D O N S I N G A P O R E B E I J I N G S H A N G H A I H O N G K O N G TA I P E I C H E N N A I

4 Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite , Hackensack, NJ UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Intelligent Information Systems Vol. 2 E-BUSINESS IN THE 21ST CENTURY Realities, Challenges and Outlook Copyright 2010 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN ISBN Printed in Singapore.

5 INTRODUCTION The Internet has changed the way we conduct business and the way we see the world and ourselves in it. It has rewritten the rules for business and transformed many industries, e.g., book, travel, music, accommodation, internet phone, real estate, among many others. It has also brought profound changes to individuals, organizations, and society. In line with the rapid development of internet technologies and the increase in competition and other business pressures, E-business, which includes buying and selling of goods and services, servicing customers, collaborating with business partners, conducting transactions within an organization on the net, is getting more and more popular and expanding dramatically. This book titled E-business in the 21 st century: Realities, Challenges, and Outlook aims to offer comprehensive analysis of concepts, models and infrastructures of e-business. It also intends to present unique observations of current e-business practices for different organizations in different economies; and provides insights on the future of current leading businesses on the net and the trends of e-business. This book will serve as an effective and indispensible reference book for professionals who are interested in or dealing with e-business and businesses that are embarking on e-business. The book consists of 15 peer-reviewed chapters and is divided into three sections. The first section includes two chapters with regards to an overview of current status and current practices of e-business. In chapter 1 Jun Xu and Mohammed Quaddus discuss foundation of e- business and e-business technologies and in chapter 2 they present some different types of e-businesses. Eleven research projects on electronic business are presented in the second section of the book. They cover areas such as online auction, online advertising, e-learning, e-ticketing, e-tailing, evaluation of e- business, web 2.0 platforms, mobile business, and e-business in small & medium enterprises, and report results from various countries in different v

6 vi Introduction continents (i.e., Algeria, Australia, China, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia). In chapter 3 Mohammed Quaddus and Jun Xu present findings of an empirical study surveying 240 participants in China that explores attitudinal, social and behavior factors explaining the Chinese consumers intention to use online auction. In chapter 4 Jan Hailigtag, Jun Xu and Mohammed Quaddus identify factors influencing online advertising among small and medium enterprise by referring to results of a national survey among 1,000 Australian small and medium enterprises. In chapter 5 Imed Ben Dhaou and Foudil Abdessemed report three case studies of e-learning in three countries of Algeria, Saudi Arabia and Tunisia. In chapter 6 Anis Allagui and Mohamed Slim Ben Mimoun discuss factors influencing adoption of electronic ticketing among Tunisian consumers by analyzing 160 surveyed responses. Weibing Xuan, Jun Xu and Mohammed Quaddus, in chapter 7, provide us a case study of e-tailing in one of the largest retail group in China. In chapter 8 Chad Lin and Yu-an Huang develop a framework of challenges and critical success factors in business to business e-commerce evaluation. In chapter 9 Tobias Kollmann, Christoph Stöckmann and Carsten Schröer discuss the problem of oscillating degrees of utilization associated with the diffusion of web 2.0 platforms. Xiangzhu Gao, in chapter 10, describes some applications of wireless technologies in mobile business. In chapter 11 Sabah Addullah Al-Somali, Roya Gholami and Ben Clegg review relevant literature on theories and factors affecting electronic commerce/business adoption in small and medium enterprises. In chapter 12 Vera Pujani, Jun Xu and Mohammed Quaddus report results of a research studying website site success in 550 small and medium enterprises in Indonesia. In chapter 13 Jahjah Hallah, Jun Xu and Mohammed Quaddus discuss factors influencing adoption of electronic commerce among small enterprises by analyzing the data collected via surveying 1085 Australian small enterprises across the nation. The future of e-business and e-business opprtunities are discussed in third section of the book. There are two chapters in this section. Both chapters are authored by Jun Xu and Mohammed Quaddus. In chapter 14 they discuss the future of e-business, e-business success factors, and e- business opportunities arising from emerging business trends, and in

7 Introduction vii chapter 15 they present a model of e-business adoption, success and sustainable success. The future of some current leading e-business organizations is also analyzed by partially applying the model in this chapter. A great number of colleagues and researchers deserve our thanks in connection with this project. We would like to thank Professor Jie Lu, University of Technology Sydney, Australia and Professor Da Ruan, Belgian Nuclear Research Center & Ghent University, Belgium for their support and for the opportunity of working on the book; Associate Professor Shankar Sankaran, University of Technology Sydney, Australia and Dr Chad Lin, Curtin University of Technology, Australia for their kind assistance in reviewing our book proposal; Mr Mahmud Hassan and a number of researchers for their kind assistance in reviewing the book chapters. Finally we would like to thank Mr Steven Patt, Editor at World Scientific, for overseeing the publishing processes and for giving us such a wonderful publishing experience. Jun Xu and Mohammed Quaddus Tweed Heads and Perth, Australia April 2009

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9 CONTENTS Introduction Contents v ix Section 1. Overview of Current Status of E-Business Chapter 1 Overview-Part I: Foundation of E-business and E-business Technologies Jun Xu and Mohammed Quaddus Chapter 2 Overview-Part II: B2C, B2B and Other Types of E-business Jun Xu and Mohammed Quaddus Section 2. Studies of E-Business Issues and Challenges 63 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Factors Influencing Online Auction Adoption: A China Study Mohammed Quaddus and Jun Xu Factors Influencing Online Advertising: A National Survey Among Small & Medium Enterprises in Australia Jan Heiligtag, Jun Xu and Mohammed Quaddus Chapter 5 E-learning in Emerging Countries: Case Studies of Republic of Tunisia, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and People s Democratic Republic of Algeria Imed Ben Dhaou and Foudil Abdessemed 155 ix

10 x Contents Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Consumers Adoption of Electronic Ticketing: An Application in the Air Travel Industry in Tunisia Anis Allagui and Mohamed Slim Ben Mimoun Success Factors of E-tailing: A China Study Weibing Xuan, Jun Xu and Mohammed Quaddus Chapter 8 Chapter 9 A Framework for Business-to-Business E-commerce Evaluation Challenges and Critical Success Factors Chad Lin and Yu-An Huang The Diffusion of Web 2.0 Platforms: The Problem of Oscillating Degrees of Utilization Tobias Kollmann, Christoph Stöckmann and Carsten Schröer Chapter 10 Application of Wireless Technologies in Mobile Business Xiangzhu Gao Chapter 11 Theories and Factors Affecting Electronic Commerce Adoption in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): A Review Sabah Al-Somali, Roya Gholami and Ben Clegg Chapter 12 Factors of Commercial Website Success in Small and Medium Enterprises: An Indonesian Study Vera Pujani, Jun Xu and Mohammed Quaddus Chapter 13 E-commerce Adoption in Small Enterprises: An Australian Study Jahjah Hallal, Jun Xu and Mohammed Quaddus

11 Contents xi Section 3. Outlook of E-Business 395 Chapter 14 Future of E-business, Success Factors and E-business Opportunities Jun Xu and Mohammed Quaddus 397 Chapter 15 Achieving Sustainable E-business Success: Development and Application of a Model of E-business Adoption, Success and Sustainable Success Jun Xu and Mohammed Quaddus 415