NAFE Journal Papers on Forensic Engineering Mechanical Engineering Edition Vol. IV Forensic Engineering Collection

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1 NAFE Journal Papers on Forensic Engineering Mechanical Engineering Edition Vol. IV Forensic Engineering Collection Advanced Accident Reconstruction BioMedical Civil Electrical Mechanical Legal/Ethical i

2 NAFE Journal Editor [ ], and Executive Director, E. Joyce Dixon, NAFE Founder NAFE Journal Editor [1999 to date], NAFE Founding President and Executive Director Marvin M. Specter, P.E., L.S., F.NSPE, Hon.M. ASCE 2011 National Academy of Forensic Engineers, NAFE All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of NAFE. ISBN: Material published in this Journal, including all interpretations and conclusions contained in papers, articles, and speeches, are those of the specific author or authors and do not necessarily represent the view of the National Academy of Forensic Engineers (NAFE) or its members. Printed in the U.S.A. ii

3 Preface THE HISTORY AND SOURCES OF THIS PUBLICATION The articles collected herein are reproduced without change from the original printed copies as they appeared in the Journal of the National Academy of Forensic Engineers. The conception in the late 1970 s of an Academy for continuing education and emphasis on competent, ethical practice by engineers in the jurisprudence system was suggested by E. Joyce Dixon, a sociologist and psychologist, and business associate of Marvin M. Specter, P.E., L.S. Mr. Specter then founded and implemented the proposed organization as NSPE President. Formal filing of the new Corporation was made on May 25, 1982, as documented in Journal paper, The Founding of NAFE and its Future, M.M. Specter, P.E., L.S., NAFE Journal, Vol. I, No 1, June, In a later writing, tribute was paid to E. Joyce Dixon, Recollections of Ten Years of NAFE by M.M. Specter, P.E., L.S. in NAFE Journal, Vol. IX, No. 2, December, The idea of a peer reviewed technical journal of forensic engineering practice was part of the original conception of the newly formed Academy. Following the 1983 invitation by NSPE President Specter, ninety of the new members attended the first general meeting and seminar of NAFE, held in January 1984 in San Francisco in conjunction with the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) meeting. The NAFE papers presented were edited by Executive Director E. Joyce Dixon, who conceived the format and produced the first NAFE Journal, June All the Journals up to the time of her death in July 1999 were based on seminar lectures which she authorized as Executive Director and assessed as Editor. These duties were taken over by Founding President Specter after Mrs. Dixon s passing, continuing as such to the present time. In addition, Mr. Specter, as NAFE Technical Review Chairman, has directed the Peer Review process for all the articles since the beginning, including those reprinted and presented in this compilation. In 2010 Laura L. Liptai, Ph.D., proposed that selected articles from the NAFE Journal be reprinted and republished in hard cover format to create a series of educational books on particular topics, beginning with her specialization of Forensic Biomedical Engineering. NAFE Secretary and Past President (2006) Michael Kravitz, P.E. had previously voluntarily proceeded with the task of scanning the Journals to create digital files of all previous Journal titles to distribute to NAFE members. Mr. Kravitz was able to select those titles concerning Forensic Engineering from the database that was created in the mid 1990 s by Joel T. Hicks, P.E. who with Mr. Kravitz anticipated the reprinting of the Journals in hard cover format. Encouragement toward this end has been given by President (2011) E. Smith Reed, P.E. as Publications Committee Chairman and as NAFE President. Particular credit and appreciation is due to those NAFE members and affiliates whose dedicated cooperation and professional inputs as speakers, authors and reviewers have made this possible. iii

4 Forward Forensic Engineering is the application of the art and science of engineering in matters which are in, or may possibly relate to, the jurisprudence system, inclusive of alternative dispute resolution. The National Academy of Forensic Engineers, NAFE, was founded to bring together those professional engineers who have attained substantial experience and recognition in forensic engineering practice. It seeks to improve the practice, elevate the standards, and advance the profession of forensic engineering. Mechanical engineering is a discipline of engineering that applies the principles of physics and materials science for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. It involves the production and usage of heat and mechanical power for the design, production, and operation of machines and tools. Mechanical engineering requires an understanding of mechanics, kinematics, thermodynamics, materials science, and structural analysis. Mechanical engineers use these principles along with computer aided engineering and product lifecycle management to design and analyze manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and machinery, heating and cooling systems, transport systems, aircraft, watercraft, robotics, medical devices and more. Mechanical engineering overlaps with aerospace engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, petroleum engineering, and chemical engineering. This collection of papers encompasses examples of Forensic Mechanical Engineering. The interpretation of physical evidence is an important element in the forensic engineering analysis of causal factors. Insights are gained from forensic analysis of failures from individual incidents that supplement data on the occurrence of causal factors. Forensic engineering offers insightful solutions to the improvement of human safety. The collection of peer reviewed Journal papers in the field of Mechanical Engineering forensics reflects the diversity of Mechanical Engineering. NAFE supports this diversity. This collection includes authors from various experience levels, methodological protocols and specialties. Fostering this diversity and periodic non homogeneous points of view challenges the thought processes, and in the end, we are better engineers. This collection expresses our appreciation to our colleagues throughout the world who are willing to share their work for educational purpose. iv

5 Table of Contents Title Month Year Page Forensic Engineering Analysis and Testing for Speed Reduction in Transient Braking December René A. Castañeda, P.E. Forensic Engineering Analysis of Rough Terrain Fork Lift Rollovers June H. Boulter Kelsey, Jr., P.E. Forensic Engineering Analysis of How Safe Air Bags Can Become Dangerous with Extended Timing June William Rosenbluth Forensic Investigation of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in a Residence June Klas C. Haglid, P.E. Forensic Engineering Determination of the Angle of Lean of a Cycle Rider System Negotiating a Turn James M. Green, P.E., D.E.E. and Jon O. Jacobson, Ph.D., P.E. June Forensic Engineering Investigation of Motorcycle Instability Induced Crashes June Mark A. M. Ezra, P.E. Forensic Engineering Investigation of Leakage at Flanged Windows In Stucco June Geoffrey G. Jillson P.E. v

6 Table of Contents (cont.) Title Month Year Page Forensic Engineering Inference of Coefficient of Friction from a Spin Out Duane F. Dunlap, P.E. December Forensic Engineering in Hawaii December Roger M. Sherman, P.E. Forensic Investigation of Moisture Intrusion Into Tilt Wall Structures William M. Coltharp, P.E. December Forensic Engineering Analysis of Fires Using Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) Modeling Program Ramaswami (Vasu) Vasudevan, P.E., C.P.E. December Forensic Engineering Techniques for Testing and Predicting LP Gas Container Relief Venting James A. Petersen, P.E. December Forensic Engineering Analysis of an Accident Caused by Inadequate Maintenance of a Large Capacity Fork Lift Truck Harold Josephs, Ph.D., P.E., C.S.P. June Forensic Engineering Analysis of Nail Extraction Force In Failed Barrier J. Nigel Ellis, Ph.D., P.E. June Forensic Engineering Use of the Safety Hierarchy June John N. Schwartzberg, P.E. vi

7 Table of Contents (cont.) Title Month Year Page Failure Analysis of Small Air Compressor Receivers December Boyd T. Cochrane, P.E. Forensic Engineering Evaluation of Mismanaged Renovation: Exposes a Pattern of Possible Delay Actions Klas C. Haglid, P.E. December Forensic Engineering Review and Analysis of Ship Based, Belt Conveyor Hazards Harold Josephs, Ph.D., P.E., C.S.P. December Forensic Engineering Report: Finite Element Analysis of a Flex Fan Blade Failure John Marcosky, P.E. June Forensic Engineering of Indoor Air Quality June Drew Peake, P.E., C.I.H., C.S.P., DEE Forensic Engineering Report: Causes of Mold in Buildings Norman L. Cooper, P.E. June Forensic Engineering Investigation of Domestic Appliance Solenoid Water Supply Valves Walter S. Laird, P.E. June Forensic Engineering Analysis of Whole Body Vibration Effects on Garbage Truck Operators David A. Thompson, Ph.D., P.E. June vii

8 Table of Contents (cont.) Title Month Year Page Forensic Engineering Analysis of Codes Causative of Building Envelope Failures December Geoffrey G. Jillson P.E. Forensic Engineering Investigations of Hunting Stand Failures June William H. Ford, P.E. Forensic Engineering Investigation of Distressed Residential Foundations from Plumbing Leaks June Toshihiko Nobe, P.E. viii