Beyond the Naked I. Who is James Bradburne? There is no theory that is not part of an autobiography Paul Valéry (1924)

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1 Who is James Bradburne? There is no theory that is not part of an autobiography Paul Valéry (1924) Beyond the Naked I Graphic designer, exhibition maker, architect ( ) Museum consultant/unesco, UNICEF ( ) Head of Design, newmetropolis ( ) Director General, mak.frankfurt ( ) Dr. James M. Bradburne Director General, Fondazione Palazzo Strozzi Senior Research Fellow, London Knowledge Lab Director, Next Generation foundation ( ) Director General, fondazione Palazzo Strozzi, Florence Vienna, May 25th, All humans possess by nature a craving for knowledge Aristotle And the pleasure of discovery differs from other pleasures in this, that is shadowed by no fear of satiety on the one hand or of frustration on the other. Other desires perish in their gratification, but the desire of knowledge never: the eye is not satisfied with seeing nor the ear filled with hearing. Other desires become the occasion of pain through dearth of the material to gratify them, but not the desire of knowledge: the sum of things to be known is inexhaustible, and however long we read we shall never come to the end of our story-book. A.E. Housman, 1892 Interactivity in the museum? Hands-on: physical interactivity Minds-on: intellectual engagement Hearts-on: emotional affect

2 Some thoughts about interaction The starting point Not all interaction is the same Children s exhibits hide adult agendas Interactive exhibits can reinforce one-on-one behaviour, not social interaction Hands-on is not always minds-on Interaction is a property of people, not exhibits Most hands-on interactive exhibits based on the model developed in the 1960s have built-in culturally-specific assumptions about the nature of society, play, and interaction society is composed primarily of independent individuals learning is primarily individual individuals guide their learning independently A hidden agenda? An experimental approach Designers assume users behave like this: When most of the time they act like this: Hypothesis: exhibits often reflect invisible cultural assumptions; if these assumptions are challenged, different kinds of exhibits - and visitor behaviour - will result Observation: the strong emphasis on the individual in American culture often resulted in design approaches that underestimate or ignored the importance of group interaction and group learning Hypothesis: given the opportunity other cultures with different traditions will create exhibits that encourage group learning

3 What is culture? Culture only comes into existence when it breaks when it is confronted with that which it is not otherwise it is completely invisible Culture is like accent it is a measure of distance, social, geographical, and political. No one has an accent at home. The entire idea of accent like culture has meaning only when confronted with others who speak differently in spite of many differences in detail, anthropologists do agree on three characteristics of culture: it is not innate, but learned; the various facets of culture are inter-related you touch a culture one place and everything else is affected; it is shared and in effect defines the boundaries of different groups. Edward T. Hall Experiment #1: can exhibits foster group learning? Mine Games Science World, Vancouver (1993) Can an earth sciences exhibition become a forum for debate about resource development? Designed as a walk-in game Based on a fictional dilemma in a fictional town Company, Community, Greenpeace, Native People Hands-on exhibits augmented by computer games to attract teenage audiences Computer games to encourage girl play styles Hotseat! Interactive theatre to support debate 9 The exhibition as a group activity Using computer games to support hands-on Clipboards The entrance to Mine Games Rules of the game Hands-on exploration to gather information about scientific and social aspects of the problem Computer game puts the visitor s knowledge to the test in a real world setting: the job interview

4 The Hotseat! interactive voting theatre The results? up to 100 participants talk show format with host in touch live with Grizzly B.C. 32 possible solutions only one solution where all parties fully satisfied four partially satisfactory solutions (3/4 happy) The Mine Games exhibition became focal point of debate about resource development in B.C. - Clipboards made participation non-linear - Families/friends played together - Computer games attracted teens - Computers encouraged use of hands-on exhibits - Computer clusters supported cheating - Voting theatre promoted lively debate High number of repeat visits/ Long average stay (2 hrs.+) Experiment #2: do other cultures make other exhibits? newmetropolis Amsterdam, opened June 1997 a challenge to traditional phenomena-based science centres real science, real debate a social science centre 28 published research reports post opening major contributor to public debates about land use, ageing, family planning 15 The challenge How to create a national science centre What makes the Dutch Dutch? Tulips? Wooden shoes? Skating on canals? or is it something else? 16

5 The Superbankers Game The Trading Ring The rules of the game The goal of the game is to make money (every ticket includes a starting capital of Dfl ) Eight different games representing positions on a scale of risk and return when you have made enough money, you can enter the trading ring and trade in one of two markets - blue chips (real time) or flowers (double auction) Two helpful advisors, one conservative, one a risk-taker you can convert your earnings to the 19 currency of your choice Real world skills Trading Ring based on the former London Metals Exchange ( open cry trading) Game developed with real portfolio managers from ABN Amro Double auction flower market based on flower auction in Alkmaar Real time events influence the value of shares in the game real time conditions affect the value of flowers As in the real world, advice is always available - from a professional, or 20 from your Brother-in-law

6 The results? Case Study: another approach to education Learning from Reggio The Superbankers game was one of three multi-player games in the science centre that simulated real world dynamic systems The game was more difficult than imagined (real bankers often did not do well) Visitors used the gallery of the Trading Ring to learn how to play the game, often discussing with other visitors A majority of the players played more than one game Players often played in small groups, sharing experience and trading tips A significant group of players would return to the science centre every weekend at 10am in order to be first to play 21 What is Reggio? A little bit of history Reggio is a place: it is not a cult, it is not a methodology, it is not merely a series of professional practices Reggio Emilia is an Italian town with 150,000 people about 40 km east of Bologna Reggio Emilia makes the world s best Parmigiano cheese, and the best aceto balsamico Reggio Emilia has 27 municipal infant-toddler centres and pre-schools First school for young children - Villa Gaida - opened in 1912 UDI (Unione Donne Italiane) activism post WWII First municipal pre-schools mid-1960s La Grammatica della fantasia Gianni Rodari 1973 Loris Malaguzzi and Reggio Children

7 The competent child Childhood is really one of the best periods of life. It is not a pre something. It is not a sickness. It is not an investment Carla Rinaldi A child s competence is her ability to learn Children are not only the future, they are the present Children are the subject of rights, not needs Children s ways of interpreting create valuable disruption by questioning the familiar A pedagogy of relations Loris Malaguzzi Interaction and dialogue are defining qualities Dewey, Montessori, Vygotsky, Freire, Piaget, Bruner - actively re-interpreted Education is really about being passionate together. To have feelings together. To have emotions together. Carla Rinaldi Documentation the aim of teaching is not to produce learning but to produce the conditions for learning Loris Malaguzzi Documentation during research and not simply at the end can guide the direction of the journey A tools for evaluation and self-evaluation - a tool for making learning visible The document is a public place - the construction of shared meaning The current experiment - what is Palazzo Strozzi? a masterpiece of Renaissance architecture at the heart of Florence a dynamic cultural centre - a Florentine Centre Pompidou with libraries, research institutes, and auditoria Florence s largest temporary exhibition space, plus a centre for contemporary art an urban piazza with cafe, shop, concerts

8 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Vivamus gravida tellus at eros. Donec at magna. Maecenas luctus mi eu ipsum. Praesent ornare cursus nisi. Vivamus fringilla neque. Duis gravida mauris et dui lobortis aliquet. Sed pulvinar volutpat eros. Aliquam convallis nibh semper risus. Fusce ornare. Aliquam lorem purus, lacinia in, egestas sed, consequat sit amet, nunc. Aliquam erat volutpat. Duis vestibulum lacinia quam. Sed consectetuer odio quis tellus. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Fusce ac ligula. Morbi condimentum blandit erat. Aenean malesuada, felis eu mattis egestas, nulla nibh aliquet est, at scelerisque lacus nulla vel velit. Sed elementum, risus sit amet ullamcorper molestie, nulla odio consectetuer libero, eu iaculis ligula augue vitae est. Phasellus posuere metus. Palazzo Strozzi is also... CEZANNE IN FLORENCE CHILDREN & FAMILY LABELLING WRITTEN BY CHILDREN an experiment in innovative governance - a laboratory for best practice a cultural experiment with two goals 1) to bring cultural events of an international level to Florence and 2) to give the Palazzo back to the city as a vital cultural destination the governance project is about autonomy the cultural project is about visible listening CONTROMODA CURATORS TEXTS GLOSSED BY LEADING FASHION CRITICS CONTROMODA FIFTY ISSEY MIYAKE COSTUMES FOR THE PUBLIC TO TRY Remarkable advancements in textile technology have altered or diminished the authority of traditional construction techniques. Heat, instead of labor-intensive hand-pleating techniques, was used on thermoplastic fibers to create pleats, gathers, and tucks; new technology thus encouraged a radical expansion of the vocabulary of form and the design of the garment as a whole. Some designers explored new approaches to traditional methods of construction, reinterpreting time-honored techniques such as lace making. By featuring synthetic ornamentation, by combining incongruous materials, or by integrating traditional materials and practices with innovative ideas, designers assaulted conventional notions of luxury and elegance. The dictates of what was suitable or appropriate were sabotaged. New textiles for fashion and interiors include threedimensional structures designed by computer with sculpted surfaces that replace the traditional techniques of embroidery and beading. Topographical surfaces are achieved with such processes as chemical blistering, spatters and laminates of metallic particles, heat molding and treating, and various complex novelty weaves. With rapidly evolving technology, the potential for textile development will continue to change the look and perception of fashion.

9 CONTROMODA VISITOR PHOTOS MMS D DIRECTLY TO THE EXHIBITION CHINA: AT THE COURT OF THE EMPERORS DESIGNED BY ROMEO GIGLI FORMATIVE RESEARCH CHINESE CHILDREN COMMENT ON EXHIBITION OBJECTS VISIBLE LISTENING - CHINESE COMMENTS IN THE EXHIBITION _ Passaporto per la Cina Passport to China _

10 Vodafone per la Fondazione Palazzo Strozzi Cina: alla Corte degli Imperatori. Capolavori mai visti dalla tradizione Han all eleganza Tang (25-907) Firenze - Palazzo Strozzi - 7 marzo / 8 giugno 2008 Utilizzare i percorsi Vodafone è semplice. Esegui queste operazioni in prossimità del banco di reception di Antenna Audio. 1. Attiva la modalità Bluetooth ed esegui la ricerca dei dispositivi 2. Seleziona tra i dispositivi rilevati Museum1 ed inserisci il codice di protezione 0000 A questo punto non resta che accedere alla mostra e scegliere il percorso da seguire. 3. All interno della mostra, quando trovi un icona che segnala il tuo percorso, seleziona sul telefonino la tappa, apri la voce Menù e seleziona Ascolta Audio Con un linguaggio semplice Romeo Gigli racconta come, Il Direttore di Palazzo Strozzi, ed immediato, spiega alcune da un idea originale, James Bradburne, espone opere in modo comprensibile ha sviluppato lo straordinario la sua impostazione innovativa ed interessante per i più piccoli. allestimento della mostra. della mostra, in lingua inglese. Il servizio è in collaborazione con THREE BLUETOOTH TOURS THROUGH THE EYES OF DESIGNER/DIRECTOR/CHILDREN PAINTING LIGHT AN EXHIBITION OF QUESTIONS NOT ANSWERS I percorsi Vodafone Tre itinerari all interno della mostra, da ascoltare sul tuo cellulare Bluetooth. Il servizio è gratuito per i clienti di tutti gli operatori. Percorso Bambini Percorso Gigli General Director s Tour PAINTING LIGHT FAMILY PICNIC BASKET + IMPRESSIONIST MURDER MYSTERY GIALLO IMPRESSIONISTA

11 WOMEN IN POWER CHILDREN S TEXTS IN VERSE + GRAPHIC NOVEL FOR TEENS 11 I TRE UFFICIALI Con le voci preoccupate tre ufficiali van parlando: le tre loro fidanzate tutto intorno stan cercando. Come mai le nostre belle non son qui insieme a noi? Oh, lo sai, come son quelle! Prima fan promesse, e poi

12 Conclusions social functions are social fictions Pierre Bourdieu designers and educators build their own cultural assumptions into the learning environments they create different cultures make different assumptions about human agency, potential and identity group learning is not just individuals learning in groups learning groups take responsibility for each other s learning cultures that recognise and value social relations often recognise and understand the existence and value of group learning