Addressing the Challenges of Wideband Radar and SatCom Measurements

Transcription

1 2011 Agilent RF/uW Symposium Addressing the Challenges of Wideband Radar and SatCom Measurements Presented by: Giuseppe Savoia, Agilent Technologies

2 Agenda Applications requiring broadband uw test equipment Agilent broadband solutions - Combining an external AWG with a PSG series vector signal generator for radar and broadband communications - Traditional Spectrum Analyzers vs. Vector Signal Analyzers - PXA options for broadband analysis up to 50 GHz - Converting a scope into a wideband vector signal analyzer Measurement examples - Characterization of radar waveforms - Demodulation and analysis of digitally modulated signals

3 mmwaves Atmospheric Windows Millimeter waves ( GHz) have unique transmission channel characteristics of great interest for: Communications Transportation Scientific Research National Security Minimum attenuation bands 35, 94, 140, 220 GHz Maximum absorption bands 60, 120, 182 GHz Satellite Automotive RADAR National Security (imaging) Scientific Research

4 Atmospheric Windows for Satellite Communications O 2 /H 2 O Minimum attenuation band: 35, 94, 140, 220 GHz Most effective for the satelliteearth signal transmissions? Maximum absorption band: 60, 120, 182 GHz Hard to be intercepted Effective for secured intersatellite transmissions

5 Working with greater than 100 MHz BWs? Spread spectrum communication systems Satellite systems Radar systems Ultra Wide Band (UWB) Multicarrier systems

6 Target Applications Aerospace/Defense Sat Com, Radar, Secure Communications, UWB Wireless Communications UWB, LTE-Advanced, WirelessHD. WiGig Digital communication systems Point-to-point radio link

7 Wideband applications: A/D Applications: Satellite/Mil Comms and Radar/EW Sat Transponders Point-to-point Military radios Pulse compression radar Electronic warfare (EW) It was predicted that: Last-mile backhaul for field Military & Commercial data links Military applications of WiMax and other emerging comms.

8 Agenda Applications requiring broadband test equipment Agilent broadband solutions - Combining an external AWG with a PSG series vector signal generator for radar and broadband communications - Traditional Spectrum Analyzers vs. Vector Signal Analyzers - PXA options for broadband analysis up to 50 GHz - Converting a scope into a wideband vector signal analyzer Measurement examples - Characterization of radar waveforms - Demodulation and analysis of digitally modulated signals

9 Vector Signal Generator Block Diagram Synthesizer VCO I-Q Modulator p/2 Output Freq. Control ALC Driver Reference DAC DAC Pattern RAM and Symbol Mapping Baseband Generator

10 Vector Signal Generator Block Diagram Real-time ARB Baseband generator GPIB/LAN Load custom waveforms via GPIB/LAN/USB

11 Wideband Signal Generation Setups IQ Modulation Differential I/Q signals Modulation BW up to 2 GHz RF up to 44 GHz PCIe M8190A Marker output Pulse mod. input E8267D, Opt. 016 RF/IF out M9330A 81180A Direct IF/RF PCIe RF/IF out IF/RF up to 5 GHz Modulation BW up to 2 * (5 GHz IF) M8190A 11

12 How do I create the waveforms? Agilent Signal Studio Format specific signal Industry validated waveforms Modify large number of parameters within standard Creates AWG and real-time based signals Agilent ADS/SystemVue Create signal based on design models MATLAB Complete software environment for signal creation and signal processing Create signals for new or proprietary protocols Direct communication to the instrument (using Instrument Control Toolbox) Suitable for creating simple or complex AWG based signals General Programming Languages (C++, VB, VEE) Page 12

13 Agenda Applications requiring broadband uw test equipment Agilent broadband solutions - Combining an external AWG with a PSG series vector signal generator for radar and broadband communications - Traditional Spectrum Analyzers vs. Vector Signal Analyzers - PXA options for broadband analysis up to 50 GHz - Converting a scope into a wideband vector signal analyzer Measurement examples - Characterization of radar waveforms - Demodulation and analysis of digitally modulated signals

14 Theory of Operation Swept Spectrum Analyzer Block Diagram RF input attenuator mixer IF gain IF filter (RBW) envelope detector Input signal Pre-Selector Or Low Pass Input Filter local oscillator Log Amp video filter sweep generator Crystal Reference Oscillator ADC, Display & Video Processing Page 14 Gen 2008 Broadband Generation and

15 Modern Spectrum Analyzer Block Diagram Pre-amp Analog IF Filter Digital IF Filter Digital Detectors FFT Attenuation Swept vs. FFT Digital Log Amp YIG ADC Replaced by Broadband Generation and Analysis Solutions Page 15 Gen 2008

16 All Digital IF Advantages RF Section ADC FFT IF/BB Section on ASIC Flexibility: RBW filtering in 10% steps Filters with better selectivity Multiple operation modes (Swept, FFT, VSA) Accuracy: Log conversion practically ideal No drift errors; increased repeatability Speed: When Swept mode is slow, go FFT

17 Agilent X-Series Signal Analyzers Multiple instruments in one box: Swept spectrum analyzer; FFT analyzer; RF and Baseband Vector Signal analyzer; Noise Figure analyzer Pre-compliance EMI Receiver Fastest signal analysis measurements Broadest set of applications and demodulation capabilities Upgradeable HW Most advanced user interface & world-class connectivity

18 Agilent Technologies Signal Analysis Portfolio Oct 09 Sep 06 PXA X-Series High-performance 3 Hz to 26.5 GHz 3 Hz to 43/44/50 GHz Apr 11 Oct 09 EXA X-Series Economy-class 9 khz to 26 GHz Sep 07 MXA X-Series Mid-performance 20 Hz to 26.5 GHz 8560EC Mid- performance PSA Market leading performance 3 Hz to 50 GHz CXA Low-cost 9 khz to 7.5 GHz CSA Low cost portable 100 Hz to 7 GHz ESA World s most popular 100 Hz to 26 GHz X-Series Code Compatibility Backward CC with legacy Inherent X-Series CC

19 Agenda Applications requiring broadband uw test equipment Agilent broadband solutions - Combining an external AWG with a PSG series vector signal generator for radar and broadband communications - Traditional Spectrum Analyzers vs. Vector Signal Analyzers - PXA options for broadband analysis up to 50 GHz - Converting a scope into a wideband vector signal analyzer Measurement examples - Characterization of radar waveforms - Demodulation and analysis of digitally modulated signals

20 Technology Leadership with PXA Signal Analyzer New front end converter New band select switch w/pre-amp Maximize signal insights to 325 GHz and beyond faster, wider, deeper Industry-leading performance 140 MHz analysis bandwidth 0.25 db flatness (typ) 0.19 db amplitude accuracy DANL: -172 dbm at 2 GHz TOI: +21 dbm at 2 GHz Phase noise: -130 dbc/hz at 1 GHz (10 khz offset) New pre-selector w/yig tuned filter

21 PXA as a Millimeter Downconverter (PXA Downconversion Extended to 50 GHz) Adjustable IF Outputs Fast Video Out, Including Preselector Bypass Fast Log Video Out Temporal analysis of radar pulses and pulsed EW RF Trigger other devices DSO GHz + VSA Wideband Output, MHz Bandwidth Digitize with Oscilloscope or Other Analyze with 89600B VSA Low frequency Oscilloscope 50 GHz

22 High Band IF Output Millimeter Frequencies, Wide Bandwidths 600 MHz BW, 5 db Flat Preselector Bypass On/Off Offset to CF 500 MHz 800 MHz BW, 8 db Flat 22

23 Agenda Applications requiring broadband uw test equipment Agilent broadband solutions - Combining an external AWG with a PSG series vector signal generator for radar and broadband communications - Traditional Spectrum Analyzers vs. Vector Signal Analyzers - PXA options for broadband analysis up to 50 GHz - Converting a scope into a wideband vector signal analyzer Measurement examples - Characterization of radar waveforms - Demodulation and analysis of digitally modulated signals

24 What is Vector Signal Analysis? Signal Acquisition Hardware A-to-D Converter RF Down- Converter Analysis & Display Engine Blocks of I-Q Samples

25 What is Vector Signal Analysis? Signal Processing Software Windows O/S Windows GUI spectrum waveform eye diagram constellation User Applications COM layer GUI, I/O, etc. Display Engine Signal Analysis Algorithms Front End digitized waveform

26 Measure the True Performance of your transmitter Directly with the 90000X 32 GHz oscilloscope X-Series 32 GHz Oscilloscope External HW Can Add: LO Phase Noise & Mixer Impairments ISI from RF/IF Filters Amplifier Gain/Phase Distortions

27 Engineered for 32 GHz True Analog Bandwidth That Delivers The industry s highest measurement accuracy Bandwidth Maximum Preamplifier Bandwidth Oscilloscope Bandwidth Spec DSP Boosting 16 GHz 20 GHz Frequency Interleave 16 GHz 30 GHz True Analog Bandwidth 32 GHz 32 GHz Market delivers high performance bandwidth 3 ways today

28 Engineered for true analog bandwidth that delivers The highest measurement accuracy : industry s lowest noise floor Frequency Interleaving DSP Boosting

29 BVceo (Volts) Innovative Chipset Designed in Agilent s Proprietary Highspeed High-Voltage InP HBT Process InP SHBT & GaAs Si & SiGe UM Agilent HB2A TRW InP DHBT GCS NGST NTT HRL Agilent s Proprietary InP HBT Process Enabled by Unique HFTC GaAsSb Epi Agilent HB2B Agilent & SFU Research IBM Jazz Hitachi IBM HP7 IBM HP8 St-9MW Ft (GHz) Agilent Next Gen Low noise and high measurement accuracy 2X usable voltage Superior pulse distortion control, enhanced fidelity Significant margin in speed and linearity Lower noise operation in high frequency architectures High Ft, BS vias, high resistivity substrates enable flatter response to higher frequencies Clear path to 300+ GHz

30 True Analog Bandwidth that Delivers The Highest Measurement Accuracy The Evolution of the Infiniium Front End Quasi-coax to ensure signal shielding Industry s fastest preamplifier (32 GHz) Industry s fastest edge trigger chip (>20 GHz) New Agilent proprietary packaging to ensure high bandwidth and low noise New 32 GHz sampler with sample and filter technology

31 Engineered for true analog bandwidth that delivers The highest measurement accuracy What it takes to deliver: An excellent IC process with high bandwidth capacity and low parasitic capacitance for low noise, customized for test for measurement IC package technology for isolation and reliability 20 GSa/s ADC Memory Controller Multi-Chip Module Pure signal path with other high performance components Memory Technology investments deliver the highest measurement accuracy.

32 Agilent Infiniium X-Series Oscilloscopes Engineered for true analog bandwidth that delivers The highest measurement accuracy So you don t waste your jitter budget 32 GHz true analog bandwidth Industry s lowest oscilloscope noise floor Lowest real-time oscilloscope measurement jitter floor A complete 30 GHz probing system So you get full bandwidth to the probe tip Fully customized probe amplifier s-parameter correction Upgradeable Probing System The industry s most accurate RF scope So you can take advantage of Agilent s RF expertise Analysis through the Ka band without the need for down conversion Full VSA performance Analysis built for wireless LAN, radar, satellite, and ultra wideband applications Page 32

33 Agenda Applications requiring broadband uw test equipment Agilent broadband solutions - Combining an external AWG with a PSG series vector signal generator for radar and broadband communications - Traditional Spectrum Analyzers vs. Vector Signal Analyzers - PXA options for broadband analysis up to 50 GHz - Converting a scope into a wideband vector signal analyzer Measurement examples - Characterization of radar waveforms - Demodulation and analysis of digitally modulated signals

34 Example of Radar Pulse Measurements: Test Setup Diagram I/Q data via LAN, USB or GPIB Marker Out Pulse mod. input Modulation BW up to 2 GHz RF up to 44 GHz 90000X-Series Oscilloscope Up to 32 GHz of Bandwidth and 2GSa of Memory 81180A Up to 4.2 Gsa/s Sample Rate, 2 GHz I/Q Modulation Bandwith, 64 Msa Sample Memory Differential I/Q Signals and External Re-construction Filters E8267D, Opt. 016, H18 Modulated RF/ uwave out 34

35 Picture of Wideband LFM Chirp Radar Test Setup (10 GHz Center Frequency, 2 GHz LFM Chirp) 35

36 Generate a Multi-Tone Signal 36

37 Multi-Tone Signal Before Amplitude Correction 37

38 Amplitude Flatness Correction 38

39 Multi-Tone Signal After Amplitude Correction 39

40 Download LFM Chirp Radar Waveform 40

41 90000X Wideband LFM Chirp Measurements 41

42 Custom/Proprietary Radar Measurements with MATLAB in the 90000X Signal Processing Path Oscilloscope Waveform Custom MATLAB Function MATLAB Applied Trace Perform Additional Scope Measurements 42

43 Start with Oscilloscope Waveform Oscilloscope Waveform Custom MATLAB Function MATLAB Applied Trace Perform Additional Scope Measurements 43

44 Operate on Scope Waveform with Custom MATLAB Function to Extract Pulsed RF Envelope Oscilloscope Waveform Custom MATLAB Function MATLAB Applied Trace Perform Additional Scope Measurements Custom MATLAB Function to Calculate RF Pulse Envelope with a Hilbert Transform 44

45 Display the RF Pulse Envelope Oscilloscope Waveform Custom MATLAB Function MATLAB Applied Trace Perform Additional Scope Measurements RF Pulse Envelope Extracted from Custom MATLAB Function 45

46 Perform Scope Measurements on the RF Envelope Oscilloscope Waveform Custom MATLAB Function MATLAB Applied Trace Perform Additional Scope Measurements Pre-Configured Scope Measurements: Pulse Rise Time Pulse Fall Time Pulse Width Overshoot Drop Pre-Configured Scope Measurements on Displayed Envelope Measure RF Pulse Rise Time 46

47 Using Segmented Memory to Optimize the Number of Radar Pulses Captured with 2 Gsa Memory X Ignore the OFF Part of the Radar Pulse Capture Only the ON Part of the Radar Pulse Resulting Segmented Memory to Optimize the Number of Radar Pulses Captured Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 4 Segment 5 Segment 6 Segment 7 Segment 8 47

48 90000X Wideband LFM Chirp Measurement with VSA 48

49 90000X Wideband LFM Chirp Measurement with VSA LFM Chirped Spectrum Centered at 10 GHz Chirped Phase 2 GHz Log Magnitude Envelope Amplitude vs. Time 2 GHz 6 us Chirped Frequency 49

50 Challenges for Radar Pulse Measurements System level testing- characterize pulse timing for many scenarios Field/Flight testing is expensive- capture signals and evaluate/characterize performance off-line Need to evaluate a large number of pulses Need to sort and categorize signals dependent on emitter characteristics 50

51 Oscilloscope Signal Analyzer (OSA) Software (preliminary) CW and pulsed RF signal analysis for Radar/EW Modulation domain, power, and pulse timing analysis Application software which extends the capability of the 9000, 90000, and X-series oscilloscopes Segmented memory capture to analyze a large number of pulses 51

52 Oscilloscope Signal Analyzer (OSA) Software (preliminary) Continuous Pulse Acquisition or Segmented Acquisition 52

53 OSA Pulsed Power Measurements Select RF Detector Inputs 53

54 Segmented Capture and Display: Frequency and Phase vs. Time Set Number of Segments to Capture and Acquisition Length per Capture 54

55 OSA Segmented File Capture Mode: Timing Measurements Binary files or.csv files for each segmented are stored in this directory to analyze off-line Set Number of Segments (e.g. 200) Enable Auto-Analyze to Automatically Display Data 55

56 OSA Segmented File Capture Mode: Frequency Measurements Select File> Save> Table Data to store.csv file Frequency Excursion and Frequency Deviation of Each Pulse 56

57 OSA Segmented File Capture Mode: Histogram Displays Sort through and view only pulses >1.8 GHz frequency deviation and >1 usec pulse width 57

58 Evaluating Complex Waveforms: Frequency Hopped Example 58

59 Wideband 16QAM Example 59

60 Picture of Wideband VSA Test Setup: Wideband 16 QAM Example 60

61 Recording of Measurement Results (10 GHz Carrier with MHz Mod Bandwidth, with Equalization) 16 QAM Constellation EVM vs. Symbol RF Spectrum (262.5 MHz Mod Bandwidth) Low EVM ~1.2% (Error Vector Magnitude, With Equalization) 61

62 Recording of Measurement Results (19.2 GHz Carrier with MHz Mod Bandwidth, with Equalization) 16 QAM Constellation EVM vs. Symbol RF Spectrum (262.5 MHz Mod Bandwidth) Low EVM ~1.4% (Error Vector Magnitude, With Equalization) 62

63 Recording of Measurement Results (14.5 GHz Carrier with approx 1 GHz Mod Bandwidth, with Equalization) 16 QAM Constellation EVM vs. Symbol RF Spectrum (>1 GHz Mod Bandwidth) Low EVM ~1.8% (Error Vector Magnitude, With Equalization) 63

64 Recommended Minimum Configuration DSOX93204A 32 GHz Digital Signal Oscilloscope with Options: - 02G 2 Gpts/ch memory MATLAB Standard Digital Package User Defined Function 81180A Arbitrary Waveform Generator with Options: Two channel 64M points memory - (2) F4G Reconstruction filter set for 4Gsa/s, 1 channel 89601A/AN VSA Software with Options: Basic Vector Signal Analysis Hardware Connectivity - AYA Vector Modulation Analysis E8267D PSG Vector Signal Generator with Options: or 532 Frequency range from 250 khz to 20 GHz or 31.8 GHz Wideband differential external I/Q inputs - H18 Wideband modulation less than 3.2 GHz 64

65 Additional References

66 New Application Note: 66

67 Summary Many Radar and SatCom applications require wideband equipment to generate and analyze custom/proprietary waveforms. AWGs COTS Equipment and waveform creation tools let you create Custom/Proprietary Wideband Radar and Satcom Waveforms New Agilent Signal Analyzers can capture and analyze up to 140 MHz instantaneous bandwidth with carrier up to 50 GHz X Oscilloscope enables you to directly measure the True Performance of X, Ku, and Ka-Band Transmitter Outputs -- up to 32 GHz Vector Signal Analysis software perform measurements in Time, Frequency and Modulation domains Perform Advanced Pulse Timing, Frequency, and Amplitude Measurements with the OSA software 67

68 68 BACKUP SLIDES

69 Agilent Infiniium X-Series Oscilloscopes Engineered for true analog bandwidth that delivers The highest measurement accuracy So you don t waste your jitter budget 32 GHz true analog bandwidth Industry s lowest oscilloscope noise floor Lowest real-time oscilloscope measurement jitter floor A complete 30 GHz probing system So you get full bandwidth to the probe tip Fully customized probe amplifier s-parameter correction Upgradeable Probing System The industry s most accurate RF scope So you can take advantage of Agilent s RF expertise Analysis through the Ka band without the need for down conversion Full VSA performance Analysis built for wireless LAN, radar, satellite, and ultra wideband applications