Agilent Back to Basics. Spectrum Analysis Back to Basics. Presented by: Michel Joussemet

Transcription

1 Agilent Back to Basics Spectrum Analysis Back to Basics Presented by: Michel Joussemet

2 Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007 EuMw 2007 Agilent Workshop Agenda Introduction Overview: What is Signal Analysis? What Measurements are available? Theory of Operation Specifications Modern Signal Analyzer Designs & Capabilities Wrap-up Appendix Wide Bandwidth Vector Measurements

3 Overview What is Signal, Vector and Spectrum Analysis? Spectrum Analysis Display and measure amplitude versus frequency for RF & MW signals Separate or demodulate complex signals into their base components (sine waves)

4 EuMw Agilent 2007 Spectrum Aerospace Agilent Analysis Workshop and Defense Portfolio Symposium 2007 Price EXA ESA World s Most Popular 100 Hz to 26 GHz Sep 07 X-Series Economy class 9KHz to 26 GHz MXA Sep 06 X-Series Mid Performance 20 Hz to 26 GHz 8560EC Series Super midperformance PSA Market Leading Performance 3 Hz to 50 GHz New backwards CC with 856x option on X-Series Sep 08 N9340B Hand Held Apr 08 CSA Low cost portable 100 khz to 6 GHz N9320B Basic Sep 08 performance, Benchtop Performance VSA Software World s best analysis & troubleshooting

5 Overview Frequency versus Time Domain Amplitude (power) Time domain Measurements (Oscilloscope) Frequency Domain Measurements (Spectrum Analyzer)

6 Overview Types of Measurements Available Frequency, power, modulation, distortion & noise Spectrum monitoring Spurious emissions Scalar network analysis Noise figure & phase noise Harmonic & intermodulation distortion Analog, digital, burst & pulsed RF Modulation Wide bandwidth vector analysis Electromagnetic interference Modulation Noise Measurement range (-168 dbm to +30 dbm) Frequency range (3 Hz to 325 GHz) Spur Search Distortion

7 Overview Different Types of Analyzers FFT Analyzer A Parallel filters measured simultaneously LCD shows full spectral display f 1 f 2 f

8 Overview Different Types of Analyzers Swept Analyzer A Filter 'sweeps' over range of interest LCD shows full spectral display f 1 f2 f

9 Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007 EuMw 2007 Agilent Workshop Agenda Introduction Overview Theory of Operation: Swept Spectrum Analyzer Hardware Specifications Modern spectrum analyzer designs & capabilities Wrap-up Appendix» Wide Bandwidth Vector Measurements

10 Theory of Operation Swept Spectrum Analyzer Block Diagram RF input attenuator mixer IF gain IF filter (RBW) envelope detector Input signal Pre-Selector Or Low Pass Input Filter local oscillator Log Amp video filter sweep generator Crystal Reference Oscillator ADC, Display & Video Processing

11 Theory of Operation Display terminology Reference Level Amplitude Start Freq. Stop Freq. Freq. Span Center Freq.

12 Theory of Operation Mixer MIXER f sig 1.5 GHz RF IF LO f sig f LO - f sig f + LO f LO f sig f LO 3,6 GHz 6.5 GHz

13 Theory of Aerospace Operation EuMw 2007 Agilent Workshop and Defense Symposium 2007 IF Filter (Resolution Bandwidth RBW) IF Filter Input Spectrum IF Bandwidth (RBW) Display A B C

14 Theory of Operation Envelope Detector Before detector After detector Envelope Detector

15 EuMw Theory 2007 of Aerospace Operation Agilent Workshop and Defense Symposium 2007 Envelope Detector and Detection Types Envelope Detector Digitally Implemented Detection Types ADC, Display & Video Processing bins/buckets* Positive detection: largest value in bin displayed Negative detection: smallest value in bin displayed Sample detection: middle value in bin displayed Other Detectors: Normal (Rosenfell), Average (RMS Power) *Sweep points

16 Theory of Operation Average Detector Type Envelope Detector Volts Pos Peak detection x bin Time Power Average Detection (rms) = Square root of the sum of the squares of ALL of the voltage data values in the bin /50Ω x x ADC, Display & Video Processing Sample detection Neg Peak detection

17 Theory of Aerospace Operation EuMw 2007 Agilent Workshop and Defense Symposium 2007 Video Filter (Video Bandwidth VBW) Video Filter

18 EuMw Theory 2007 of Aerospace Operation Agilent Workshop and Defense Symposium 2007 Video Filter vs. Trace/Video averaging Video Filter ADC, Display & Video Processing Video Filter operates as the sweep progresses, sweep time may be required to slow down by the transient response of the VBW filter. Trace/Video Average takes multiple sweeps, sweep time for each sweep is not affected Trace averaging for 1, 5, 20, and 100 sweeps, top to bottom (trace position offset for each set of sweeps) Many signals give the same results with either video filtering or trace averaging

19 Theory of Operation Other Components RF INPUT ATTENUATOR IF GAIN LO SWEEP GEN LCD Display, ADC & Video processing

20 Theory of Operation How it All Works Together - 3 GHz spectrum analyzer f s Signal Range LO Range (GHz) f LO - f s f LO f LO +f s f s IF filter input mixer detector 3.6 GHz sweep generator f IF A LO f LO (GHz) LCD display (GHz) f

21 Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007 EuMw 2007 Agilent Workshop Agenda Overview Theory of Operation Specifications: Which are important and why? Modern spectrum analyzer designs & capabilities Wrap-up Appendix» Wide Bandwidth Vector Measurements

22 SPECTRUM ANALYZER 9 khz GHz Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007 EuMw 2007 Agilent Workshop Key Specifications 8563A Safe spectrum analysis Frequency Range Accuracy: Frequency & Amplitude Resolution Sensitivity Distortion Dynamic Range

23 Specifications? A Definition Specifications describe the performance of parameters covered by the product warranty (temperature = 0 to 55 C, u nless otherwise noted). Typical values describe additional product performance information that is not covered by the product warranty. It is performance beyond specification that 80 % of the units exhibit with a 95 % confidence level over the temperature range 20 to 30 C. Typical performance does not include measurem ent uncertainty. Nominal values indicate expected performance, or describe product performance that is useful in the application of the product, but is not covered by the product warranty.

24 Specifications Practicing safe spectrum analysis - Safe Hookups to RF Input Use best practices to eliminate static discharge to the RF input! Do not exceed the Damage Level on the RF Input! Do not input signals with DC bias!! 0 V DC MAX +30dBm (1W) MAX

25 Specifications Frequency Range Description Specifications Internal Mixing Bands 0 3 Hz to 3.0 GHz to 6.6 GHz to 13.2 GHz to 19.2 GHz to 26.8 GHz to GHz to 50.0 GHz External mixing 18 to 325 GHz

26 Specifications Accuracy: Frequency & amplitude Components which contribute to uncertainty are: Input mismatch (VSWR) RF Input attenuator (Atten. switching uncertainty) Mixer and input filter (frequency response) IF gain/attenuation (reference level accuracy) RBW filters (RBW switching uncertainty) Log amp (display scale fidelity) Reference oscillator (frequency accuracy) Calibrator (amplitude accuracy)

27 Specifications Absolute and relative Accuracy: Frequency & amplitude Absolute Amplitude in dbm Relative Amplitude in db Absolute Frequency Amplitude Frequency Relative Frequency Note: Absolute accuracy is also relative to the calibrator reference point

28 Specifications Accuracy: Frequency Readout Accuracy From the PSA Data Sheet: Determined by Reference Accuracy ± (freq readout x freq reference error %*span + 5% of RBW + 2Hz x Horiz. Res.*) RBW Error IF filter center frequency error Span Accuracy Residual Error *Horizontal resolution is span/(sweep points 1)

29 Specifications Accuracy: Frequency Readout Accuracy Example Frequency: 1 GHz Span: 400 khz RBW: 3 khz Sweep points: 1000 Calculation: (1x10 9 Hz) x (±1.8x10 7/Year ref. Error) = 180Hz 400kHz Span x 0.25% = 1000Hz 3kHz RBW x 5% = 150Hz 2Hz x 400kHz/ = 202Hz Total uncertainty = ±1532Hz Utilizing internal frequency counter improves accuracy to ±180Hz

30 Specifications Accuracy: Key amplitude uncertainty contributions Relative and absolute: Input impedance mismatch Input attenuator switching uncertainty Frequency response Reference level accuracy RBW switching uncertainty Display scale fidelity Sample Uncertainties (±0.13 db) (±0.6 db) (±1.8 db) (±1.0 ± db) (±0.5 db) (±0.85 db) Absolute only: Calibrator accuracy (±0.34 db)

31 Specifications Accuracy: Frequency Response +1 db Signals in the Same Harmonic Band 0-1 db BAND 1 Absolute amplitude accuracy Specification: ± 1 db Relative amplitude accuracy Specification:± 2 db

32 Specifications Accuracy: Display Fidelity Display Fidelity Display Fidelity includes: Log Amp Fidelity Envelope Detector Linearity Digitizing Circuit Linearity Display fidelity error applies when signals are not at the same reference level amplitude when measured In the past, technique for best accuracy was to move each measured signal to the reference line, eliminating display fidelity error.

33 Specifications Amplitude Accuracy: Reference Level Switching Uncertainty applies when changing the Ref. Level Also called IF Gain Uncertainty Decision: Do I change the reference level or live with the display fidelity uncertainty in my measurements?

34 Specifications Amplitude Accuracy - Summary Optimize measurement setup & techniques for best accuracy Minimize changes to uncertainty contributors Or change contributor with least error impact Or stay within the optimum accuracy envelope parameters that modern autoalignment calibration techniques provide Traditionally, one technique for best accuracy was to move each measured signal to the reference line, eliminating display fidelity error. However, in today s designs, display fidelity has improved to the point where there is generally less error just to leave the signals where they occur on the display. Except for freq. response, uncertainty contributors that impact both signals equally in a relative measurement can be ignored. In the absence of specified relative freq. response, the relative response uncertainty is assumed to be 2x specified absolute error.

35 Specifications Resolution What Determines Resolution? Resolution Bandwidth RBW Type and Selectivity Noise Sidebands

36 Specifications Resolution: Resolution Bandwidth Mixer 3 db BW 3 db Envelope Detector Input Spectrum LO IF Filter/ Resolution Bandwidth Filter (RBW) Sweep RBW Display

37 Specifications Resolution: Resolution BW 10 khz RBW 3 db 10 khz Determines resolvability of equal amplitude signals

38 Specifications Resolution BW Selectivity or Shape Factor 3 db 3 db BW 60 db 60 db BW Selectivity = 60 db BW 3 db BW Determines resolvability of unequal amplitude signals

39 Specifications Resolution BW Selectivity or Shape Factor RBW = 1 khz Selectivity 15:1 RBW = 10 khz 3 db 7.5 khz distortion products 60 db 60 db BW = 15 khz 10 khz 10 khz

40 Specifications Resolution: RBW Type and Selectivity ANALOG FILTER Typical Selectivity Analog 15:1 Digital 5:1 DIGITAL FILTER RES BW 100 Hz SPAN 3 khz

41 Specifications Resolution: Noise Sidebands Phase Noise Noise Sidebands can prevent resolution of unequal signals

42 Specifications Resolution: RBW Determines Sweep Time Meas Uncal Swept too fast Penalty For Sweeping Too Fast Is An Uncalibrated Display

43 Specifications Resolution: RBW Type Determines Sweep Time 8563E Analog RBW PSA Digital RBW PSA FFT RBW 280 sec 134 sec 13.5 sec

44 Specifications Sensitivity/DANL RF Input Mixer RES BW Filter Detector LO Sweep A Spectrum Analyzer Generates and Amplifies Noise Just Like Any Active Circuit

45 Specifications Sensitivity/DANL Sensitivity is the Smallest Signal That Can Be Measured Signal Equals Noise 2.2 db

46 Specifications Sensitivity/DANL Effective Level of Displayed Noise is a Function of RF Input Attenuation signal level 10 db Attenuation = 10 db Attenuation = 20 db Signal To Noise Ratio Decreases as RF Input Attenuation is Increased

47 Specifications Sensitivity/DANL: IF Filter(RBW) Displayed Noise is a Function of IF Filter Bandwidth 100 khz RBW 10 db 10 db 10 khz RBW 1 khz RBW Decreased BW = Decreased Noise

48 Specifications Sensitivity/DANL: Video BW filter (or Trace Averaging) Video BW or Trace Averaging Smoothes Noise for Easier Identification of Low Level Signals

49 . Specifications Sensitivity/DANL: Signal-to-Noise Ratio Can Be Graphed 0 SIGNAL-TO O-NOISE RATIO, dbc Displayed Noise in a 1 khz RBW -100 Displayed Noise in a 100 Hz RBW POWER AT MIXER = INPUT - ATTENUATOR SETTING dbm

50 Specifications Sensitivity/DANL: Summary For Best Sensitivity Use: Narrowest Resolution BW Minimum RF Input Attenuation Sufficient Averaging (video or trace)

51 Specifications Distortion Mixers Generate Distortion Frequency Translated Signals Resultant Signal To Be Measured Mixer Generated Distortion

52 Specifications Distortion Most Influential Distortion is the Second and Third Order < -50 dbc < -40 dbc < -50 dbc Two-Tone Intermod Harmonic Distortion

53 Specifications Distortion Distortion Products Increase as a Function of Fundamental's Power Power in db 2f - f 3 f Two-Tone Intermod f 3 2f - f Third-order distortion Second-order distortion Second Order: 2 db/db of Fundamental Third Order: 3 db/db of Fundamental Power in db 2 3 f 2f 3f Harmonic Distortion

54 Specifications Distortion 0 Distortion is a Function of Mixer Level DISTORT TION, dbc Second Order Third Order POWER AT MIXER = INPUT - ATTENUATOR SETTING dbm TOI SHI

55 Specifications Distortion Internal or External? Attenuator Test: Change power to the mixer 1 2 Change input attenuator by 10 db Watch distortion amplitude on screen No change in amplitude: distortion is part of input signal (external) Change in amplitude: at least some of the distortion is being generated inside the analyzer (internal)

56 Specifications Spectrum Analyzer Dynamic Range Dynamic Range The ratio, expressed in db, of the largest to the smallest signals simultaneously present at the input of the spectrum analyzer that allows measurement of the smaller signal to a given degree of uncertainty.

57 .. Specifications Dynamic Range Dynamic Range Can Be Presented Graphically SIGNAL-TO-N NOISE RATIO, dbc Maximum 2nd Order Dynamic Range Maximum 3rd Order Dynamic Range -100 Optimum Mixer Levels TOI SOI POWER AT MIXER = INPUT - ATTENUATOR SETTING dbm

58 Specifications Dynamic Range Dynamic Range for Spur Search Depends on Closeness to Carrier Dynamic Range Limited By Noise Sidebands dbc/hz Dynamic Range Limited By Compression/Noise Noise Sidebands Displayed Average Noise Level 100 khz to 1 MHz

59 Specifications Dynamic Range Distortion, Noise Floor, LO phase noise Dynamic Range is actually: Maximum dynamic range calculation Calculated from distortion products and sensitivity/danl bounded by -dbc/hz Phase Noise close-in offset frequencies Determined by the phase noise specifications of the SA

60 Specifications Dynamic Range vs. Measurement Range +30 dbm MAXIMUM POWER LEVEL +3 dbm MIXER COMPRESSION DISPLAY RANGE db/div (200 20dB/Div) MEASUREMENT RANGE 198 db SIGNAL/NOISE RANGE 157 db -41 dbm INCREASING RBW OR ATTENUATION -154 dbm (1 Hz BW & 0 db ATTENUATION) -168 dbm with preamp THIRD-ORDER DISTORTION (Dynamic Range) -51 dbm SECOND-ORDER DISTORTION (Dynamic Range) SIGNAL /3rd ORDER DISTORTION 113 db range SIGNAL/ 2nd ORDER DISTORTION 103 db RANGE 0 dbc NOISE SIDEBANDS (Dynamic Range) SIGNAL/NOISE SIDEBANDS kHz OFFSET MINIMUM NOISE FLOOR (DANL)

61 Specifications Summary: Optimizing Dynamic Range What settings provide the best sensitivity? Narrowest resolution bandwidth Minimal input attenuation Sufficient averaging How do you test for analyzer distortion? Increase the input attenuation and look for signal amplitude changes Then set the attenuator at the lowest setting without amplitude change What determines dynamic range? Analyzer distortion, noise level, and sideband/phase noise

62 EuMw Agenda 2007 Aerospace Agilent Workshop and Defense Symposium 2007 Introduction Overview Theory of Operation Specifications Modern spectrum analyzer designs & capabilities Wrap-up Appendix Wide Analysis Bandwidth Measurements

63 Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007 EuMw 2007 Agilent Workshop Modern Spectrum Analyzer Block Diagram Pre-amp Analog IF Filter Digital IF Filter Digital Detectors FFT Attenuation Swept vs. FFT Digital Log Amp YIG ADC Replaced by

64 EuMw Modern 2007 Spectrum Aerospace Agilent Workshop Analyzer and Defense Block Symposium Diagram 2007 Auto Alignment Temp & time calibration 3 to 50 GHz Pre-amp Analog Improve 1 GHz Pre-Filter DANL -153dBm (Single Pole) to -168dBm Digital IF Filters 160 RBW filters 1 Hz to 8 MHz ±0.03 db switching error FFT 4.1:1 Shape factor Fast sweep EMI RBW s Digital Detectors Normal RMS Peak QPD Min Avg Sample Attenuation 2 db step to 50 GHz Digitally Synthesized LO Fast tuning Close-in phase noise Far-out phase noise 14 bit ADC Wider dynamic range with autoranging Dither on/off FFT vs Swept RBW Faster Sweep w/max DR Digital Log Amp ±0.07 db Scale Fidelity >100 db Dynamic range ±0.0 db reference level error Digital Video Filters Power, voltage, log filtering Frequency Counter Fast (0.1s) High resolution (mhz)

65 Modern Spectrum Analyzer - Specifications Digital IF provides improved accuracy Input impedance mismatch ±0.13 Input attenuator switching uncertainty ±0.18 PSA vs. Traditional ±0.29 db ±0.6 db Frequency response ±0.38 ±1.8 db Reference level accuracy ±0.0 ±1.0 db RBW switching uncertainty ±0.03 ±0.5 db Display scale fidelity ±0.07 ±0.85 db Calibrator accuracy ±0.24 ±0.34 db Total accuracy (up to 3 GHz) ±0.62 db vs. ±1.8 db 95% Confidence ±0.24 db Typical ±0.17 db

66 Modern Spectrum Analyzer Features Built-in One-Button Power Measurements Power Measurements Occupied Bandwidth Channel Power Multi-Offset ACP fast ACP Multi-carrier Power CCDF Harmonic Distortion Burst Power TOI Spurious Emissions Spectral Emissions Mask Format Setups GSM/EDGE cdma2000 W-CDMA cdmaone NADC/PDC Bluetooth Tetra (Ch. Pwr, ACP) a/b (SEM) HiperLAN2 (SEM) DVB-T UWB S-DMB

67 Modern Aerospace Spectrum Analyzer EuMw 2007 Agilent Workshop and Defense Features Symposium 2007 Application Focused Internal Software (one-button measurements) General purpose applications Phase noise Ext. source control Noise figure ACPR, Multi-carrier Power Occupied Bandwidth (OBW) Spectral Emissions Mask Flexible digital modulation analysis Power & digital modulation measurements for wireless comms formats. Code compatibility suite Flexible demod W-CDMA, HSDPA, HSUPA GSM with EDGE Cdma2000 & 1xEV-DV 1xEV-DO cdmaone NADC/PDC TD-SCDMA Phase and Freq. (PFER) Mod Accuracy (Rho) Code Domain Power ORFS (GSM/EDGE) Spurious Emissions Power vs Time Channel power IM distortion CCDF ACPR EVM SEM

68 EuMw Who 2007 needs Aerospace Agilent wide analysis Workshop and Defense BW? Symposium 2007 Modern designs demand more bandwidth for capturing high data rate signals and analyzing the quality of digitally modulated bandwidths Aerospace and Defense Radar Chirp errors & modulation quality Satellite Capture 36/72 MHz BW s w/high data rates Military communications Capture high data rate digital comms & measure EVM Emerging communications W-LAN, (wireless last mile), mesh networks - Measure EVM on broadband, high data rate signals Cellular Communications W-CDMA ACPR & Multi-carrier Pre-Distortion - High dynamic range over 60 MHz BW to see low level 3 rd order distortion for 4 carrier pre-distortion algorithms

69 Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007 EuMw 2007 Agilent Workshop PSA Wide Analysis Bandwidth Existing Narrowband IF (10 MHz) Pre-filter Auto range 14 bit 30 Msps A/D ASIC Detectors Log Amp RBW filters Decimation Swept Results I/Q CPU Demod FFT Display Proc Display Swept and Stepped LO A/D 14 bit 200 Msps ASIC & FPGA I/Q Detectors Filters Decimation Resampling Demod FFT Memory Calibration Wideband IF/Digitizer (80 MHz)

70 EuMw PSA 2007 Wide Aerospace Analysis Agilent Workshop Bandwidth Defense Symposium MHz Analysis Bandwidth Snapshot w/real Time, Calibrated, Digital IQ Detection

71 Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007 EuMw 2007 Agilent Workshop Measurement of Analog IQ Signals 89601A VSA Software in both domains RF Analog Baseband MXA Spectrum Analyzer MXA BBIQ Oscilloscope for baseband has some limitations

72 EuMw MXA Baseband 2007 Aerospace Agilent and Workshop and RFDefense Symposium 2007 Analog BB inputs Probe Interface 1 M Ω / Single 50 Ω ended/ Z Select Differential Select 16-bit ADC, 100 MS/s Switched Gain amplifier Baseband to 40 MHz (for 1ch/2ch) 10, 25 or 40 MHz BW 500 MSa memory Cal Baseband Calibrator Out Real-time IQ corrections Re-sampling/ Decimation 500 MSa Capture Memory

73 Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007 EuMw 2007 Agilent Workshop Agenda Introduction Overview Theory of Operation Specifications Modern spectrum analyzer designs & capabilities Wrap-up Appendix Wide Analysis Bandwidth Measurements

74 EuMw Agilent 2007 Spectrum Aerospace Agilent Analysis Workshop and Defense Portfolio Symposium 2007 Price EXA ESA World s Most Popular 100 Hz to 26 GHz Sep 07 X-Series Economy class 9KHz to 26 GHz MXA Sep 06 X-Series Mid Performance 20 Hz to 26 GHz 8560EC Series Super midperformance PSA Market Leading Performance 3 Hz to 50 GHz New backwards CC with 856x option on X-Series Sep 08 N9340B Hand Held Apr 08 CSA Low cost portable 100 khz to 6 GHz N9320B Basic Sep 08 performance, Benchtop Performance VSA Software World s best analysis & troubleshooting

75 Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007 EuMw 2007 Agilent Workshop Agilent Spectrum Analyzer Families N9340B Handheld Spectrum Analyzer Handheld SA kHz to 3.0 GHz 10 ms non-zero span sweep time 144 dbm displayed average noise level (DANL) with pre-amplifier +10 dbm third order intercept (TOI) Light weight, rugged and portable four hours battery life N9320A Series Basic Performance Benchtop SA -- 9kHz to 3.0 GHz Auto Tune for auto signal search 9.2 ms non-zero span sweep time RBW from 10Hz to 1MHz Displayed Average Noise level of -130 dbm, -148 dbm with pre-amplifier One-button power measurements (Channel power, ACPR, SEM, OBW, TOI) CSA Low priced, basic performance SA 100 khz to 3, 6 GHz Lightweight portable, optional internal battery General purpose for Mfg., bench-top and service environments Cable fault, return and insertion loss, built-in TG and VSWR bridge

76 Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007 EuMw 2007 Agilent Workshop Agilent Spectrum Analyzer Families EXA Series Economy Performance SA -- 9kHz to 3.6, 7.0, 13.6, 26 GHz Industry leading speed All digital IF RBW settings FFT or swept 10 MHz analysis BW Optional measurement applications including WiMAX, GSM, W-CDMA & PN 89601A VSA software runs inside EXA MXA Series Mid-Performance SA Hz to 3.6, 8.4, 13.6, 26 GHz Industry leading speed All digital IF RBW settings FFT or swept 25 MHz analysis BW Optional measurement applications including WiMAX, GSM, W-CDMA & PN 89601A VSA software runs inside MXA

77 Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007 EuMw 2007 Agilent Workshop Agilent Spectrum Analyzer Families PSA Series Highest performance SA -- 3 Hz to 6.7, 13.2, 26.5, 44, 50 / 325 GHz Industry leading accuracy (±0.62dB) All digital IF RBW settings FFT or swept 40/80 MHz analysis BW with >75 db dynamic range 2G/3.5 G digital demodulation 15 Optional measurement personalities ESA-E Series Mid-Performance SA 30 Hz to 3, 6.7, 13.2, 26.5 / 325 GHz Rugged/Portable with color LCD display Fast & Accurate with 5 minute warm-up Unparalleled range of performance and application options. Express analyzers for fast & easy delivery 856X- EC Series Mid-Performance SA 30 Hz to 2.9, 13.2, 26.5, 40, 50 / 325 GHz Rugged/Portable Color LCD Display Low Phase Noise Digital 1 Hz RBW

78 Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007 EuMw 2007 Agilent Workshop Agilent Vector Signal Analyzer Families 89600A Series Multi-Format & Flexible vector signal analysis software DC 26.5 GHz Analysis Bandwidths 36 MHz to 13 GHz RF and modulation quality of digital communications signals Spectrum & Time (FFT) Analysis OFDM Analysis ( and ) Links to design software (ADS) Analysis software links to PSA, MXA, ESA, VXI, E4406A analyzers & Infiniium scopes., Ultra-wide VSA bandwidth Up to 13 GHz Analysis Bandwidth! Vector Analysis Software runs internal or external to oscilloscope Infiniium oscilloscope front-ends for RF Scope measurements

79 Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007 EuMw 2007 Agilent Workshop Agenda Introduction Overview Theory of Operation Specifications Modern spectrum analyzer designs & capabilities Wrap-up Appendix Wide Analysis Bandwidth Measurements

80 EuMw Selection 2007 of Aerospace Basic Agilent Spectrum Workshop and Analyzer Defense Application Symposium & Product Notes 2007 Selecting the Right Spectrum Analyzer for Your Needs # E A.N. 150 Spectrum Analysis Basics # EN A.N Vector Signal Analysis Basics # EN PSA Brochure E MXA Brochure EN EXA Brochure EN ESA Brochure E CSA Tech Overview EN N9320A Tech Overview EN N9340B Tech Overview EN

81 Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007 EuMw 2007 Agilent Workshop THANK YOU!