DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN (ELE 241)

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1 DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN (ELE 241) Lecture # 01 & 02 Ali Mustafa

2 Instructor Introduction Ali Mustafa BSC Computer Engineering (Comsats Pakistan) MS Mobile Communication (University of Bradford England) Worked as GSM Engineer in I-Track Telecom Engineer in UFONE WiMAX Engineer in NUST

3 Get in Touch with Instructor Class Meeting Times & Locations: Monday 11:30 am 01:30 am Wed 11:30 am 1:00 pm Instructor Name: Mr.Ali Mustafa Instructor Telephone: Instructor Address: Instructor Office Hours: Thursday 9:00 am -4:30 pm Instructor Office Location : Room # 24 EE Department Course Web :

4 Subject Information SUBJECT CODE & NAME: ELE 241, DLD CREDIT HRS : CONTACT HRS : 03 per week TEXT BOOK : Digital Design (4 th Edition) M. Morris Mano, Michael D. Ciletti REFERANCE BOOK : Digital Fundamentals (9 th Edition) Floyd, Shanjay sharma

5 Objectives Understand theory of operation for most of digital electronic devices. Analyzing how can a digital computer perform the complex operations based on simply manipulating bits (zeros and ones). Design of digital logic systems.

6 Topics to be covered Digital Systems and Binary Systems Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates Gate-Level Minimization Combinational Logic Synchronous Sequential Logic Registers And Counters Digital Integrated Circuits

7 Evaluation Plan The Course assessment will be made up of the following four components; 1. Sessionals % 2. Quizzes % 3. Assignments % 4. Final Examination % 5. Presentation

8 Students are responsible for: 1. Attendance. If a student misses more than 3 class sessions they may be dropped. 2. Arriving to each class on time. Late comers are disruptive to the class. 3. Letting the instructor know if you require any special considerations such as special seating. 4. Turning off all cell phones while in class. 5. Conducting themselves in a professional manner; refraining from talking in class except as part of a classroom discussion or to ask a question.

9 Students are responsible for: 6. Knowing and adhering to due dates for all assignments, mid-term and final exam. 7. Taking or acquiring class notes. 8. Knowing COMSATS policies and procedures, This includes plagiarism and cheating. 9. Letting the instructor know if you are having difficulty with any part of the course. Special time can be arranged for individual assistance. 10. All assignments and quizzes will be submitted on A4 Page. Any other paper is not acceptable and simply marked zero.

10 Student Introduction Welcome to COMSATS Welcome to this Course Brief Introduction About yourself Last semester experience Suggestions NOTE: Medium of communication will be English in the class.

11 What s the importance of digital logic

12 Flash back on Digital logic history 1850: George Boole invents Boolean algebra. 1946: ENIAC: 1s telectronic computer 18,000 vacuum tubes 5,000 operations per second 1,000 square feet It really cost a lot of power to turn on the switch?

13 And it went on 1947: Shockley, Brittain, and Bardeen invent the transistor replaces vacuum tubes enable integration of multiple devices into one package 1955: TRADIC: AT&T Bell Laboratories announced the first fully transistorized 1958: 1stIntegrated Circuit 1972: Intel s stmicroprocessor.

14 Applications of logic design Conventional computer design CPUs, busses, peripherals Networking and communications Phones, modems, routers Embedded products Cars Toys Appliances Entertainment devices, e.g. MP3 players, PS3, and many others

15 Classification of Signals/Systems They are classify into two categories Analog Signal: They have infinite number of different magnitudes or values. They varies continuously with time. Digital Signal: A signal is known as digitised if it has finite number of magnitudes.

16 Analog Signals An analog or analogue signal is any variable signal continuous in both time and amplitude. e.g. Sound ExampleThey have infinite number of values They are continuous in nature Source of signals can be signal generator Sine wave is an example

17 Digital Signals Digital describes any system based on discontinuous data or events. Computers are digital machines because at their most basic level they can distinguish between just two values, 0 and 1, or off and on. Number of values can be finite (2,8,16) Nature of signals are discrete Source can be computer or A to D converter Binary signal is an example

18 Advantages of Analog signals They are used in Filter design Amplifier circuits Signal Generators Motor Speed Controller

19 Drawback of Analog System Less accurate Less reliable Memory/Storage is an issue Performance changes as temperature varies Distortion and noise

20 Advantages of Digital System It manipulates discrete element of information such as decimal digits or alphabets. Signal in digital system represented by a binary digit called a bit. Discrete elements of information are represented by a group of bits called Binary Codes. They are reliable,flexible,programmable and updating technology.

21 Basic Digital Devices Logic Gates Combinational circuits Sequential circuits ICs

22 Logic Gates Digital Logic Gates are the basic unit to build any digital circuit. It operates on a number of binary inputs to perform a logical function. There are different types of gates available,e.g AND,OR,NOT,NAND,EX-OR,NOR

23 Combinational Circuits When number of logical gates are connected together to produce specified output by combination of input variables. It has no memory element. N Inputs Combinational Logic Circuit M Outputs

24 Sequential Circuits The circuit in which digital outputs are required to be generated in accordance with the specified sequence. It has the memory interface (Flip Flop) Input Combinational Circuit Memory Element Output

25 Integrated IC For complex circuits which involves number of gates,ic is used. Small Scale IC (SSI) 20 gates circuit Medium Scale IC(MSI) Large Scale IC(LSI) ,000 Very Large Scale IC(VLSI) 1,000,000

26 Binary Logic Logic is defined as a statement which is true,if some condition is satisfied or vice versa. Binary logic has two levels High (1) Low (0) Lamp OFF, LOW (Logic 0) Negative ON, High (Logic 1) Positive

27 Negative & Positive Logic Electrical Signals [ voltages or currents ] that exist throughout a digital system is in either of two recognizable values [ logic 1 or logic 0 ] Logic 0 and 1 can be represented by another way of logic Positive Logic Logic 0 (Low) 0V Logic 1 (High ) +5V Negative Logic Logic 0 (Low) +5V Logic 1 (High ) 0V

28 Introduction to Number System Number system is basis for counting various items. Modern computer operated in binary number system. Decimal,Octal,Hexa,BCD represents more bits in a binary numbers in a compressed form. Base/Radix of the number systems are 2,8,10,16 Base decides the total no of digits available in a system E.g Binary Base 2 0 or 1

29 Introduction to Number System Each digit position represent different multiples of base Power 2 Power1 Power 0 Power -1 Power -2 Radix Point

30 Different Number Systems Decimal Base 10 0 to 9 Binary Base 2 0 or 1 HexaDecimal Base 16 0 to 15

31 Decimal Number System In decimal number system we can express any decimal number in units,ten,hundresd and thousand. E.g Represent binary number in power of N = 9* * * *10-2

32 Binary Number System E.g Represent binary number in power of 2 & find its decimal equivalent. N = * *2 2 +0* N = (13.625)10

33 Octal Number System Represent 0-7 digits in 3 bit format E.g Represnt octal number 567 in power of 8 & find its decimal equivalent. N = * * * (375) 10

34 Hexadecial Number System Invalid state for Decimal DECIMAL BINARY HEX A B C D E F

35 Hexadecimal Number System 4 bits representation Represnt hexadecial number 3FD in power of 16 & find the decimal equivalent. N = 3 F D 3* * * (1021) 10

36 Binary to Octal Conversion Convert to octal Solution: (754) 8

37 Octal to Binary Conversion Convert (634) 8 to Binary Solution: ( )

38 Binary to Hex Convert binary into hex. Solution: D 8 9 B (D89B) 16

39 Hex to Binary Convert (3FD) 16 to Binary Solution: 3 F D ( ) 2

40 Octal to Hexadecimal Convert (615)8 to hex Solution : Binary Now we will change binary into hex 3 zero s added to the left B

41 Hexa to Octal Convert (25B) 16 to octal Solution : 2 5 B Binary Now we will convert convert into octal (Set of three bits) ( ) 8

42 Example Convert decimal 37 into binary LSB MSB Binary =

43 Self TasK Convert decimal 214 to octal Determine Base 1 st Ans = (326) 8

44 Class Exercises Convert (475.25) 8 to decimal Convert (9B2.1A) 16 to decimal Convert ( ) 4 to decimal

Introduction. Reading: Chapter 1. Courtesy of Dr. Dansereau, Dr. Brown, Dr. Vranesic, Dr. Harris, and Dr. Choi.

Introduction. Reading: Chapter 1. Courtesy of Dr. Dansereau, Dr. Brown, Dr. Vranesic, Dr. Harris, and Dr. Choi. Introduction Reading: Chapter 1 Courtesy of Dr. Dansereau, Dr. Brown, Dr. Vranesic, Dr. Harris, and Dr. Choi http://csce.uark.edu +1 (479) 575-6043 yrpeng@uark.edu Why study logic design? Obvious reasons