UNIT I AMPLITUDE MODULATION
|
|
- Brenda Lindsey
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 UNIT I AMPLITUDE MODULATION Prepared by: S.NANDHINI, Assistant Professor, Dept. of ECE, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, Tamilnadu.
2 CONTENTS Introduction to communication systems Modulation Amplitude Modulation Generation and Detection of Amplitude modulation Single sideband Vestigial sideband Comparison Hilbert Transform Pre envelope Complex envelope Superhetrodyne Reciever
3 INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
4 INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS What is Communication? Communication is the process of conveying information from one point to another What is the purpose of Communication system? The purpose of communication systems is to communicate information bearing signals from a source located at one point in space to a user destination located at another point. The three most common sources of information are: speech (or sound), video and data. Regardless of the source, the information that is transmitted and received in a communication system consists of a signal, encoding the information in some appropriate fashion
5 . MODEL OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
6 INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION The purpose of communication systems is to communicate information Figure depicts the general layout of a communication : An input transducer (e.g., a microphone) converts the input message into a message signal (e.g., a time varying voltage) that is transmitted over a channel by means of a transmitter which performs a very important function on communication signals by encoding the signals in some fashion making use of a carrier signal, and converted by a receiver into an output signal. An output transducer (e.g., a loudspeaker) converts the received signal into an output message (e.g.: sound).the information is contained in a socalled modulating signal that modulates a carrier signal. For example, in FM radio the modulating signal consists of speech and music, and the carrier is a sinusoidal wave of pre-determined frequency, much higher than the modulating signal frequency.
7 NOISE Noise can be defined as an unwanted signals that tends to disturb the transmission and processing of signals in communication system NOISE EXTERNAL NOISE INTERNAL NOISE Atmospheric Noise Manmade Noise Shot Noise White Noise Galactic Noise Thermal Noise
8 INFORMATION THEORY It provides quantitative measure of the information contained in message signal and allows us to determine the capacity of a communication system to transfer the information from source to destination The information theory is used for mathematical modelling and and analysis of the communication system
9 TYPES OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM COMM SYSTEM ANALOG COMM HYBRID COMM DIGITAL COMM Analog Communication System: Analog communication is that types of communication in which the message or information signal i.e transmitted is analog in nature. This means that in analog communication the modulating signal (i.e base-band signal) is an analog signal. This analog message signal may be obtained from sources such as speech, video shooting etc. Analog signals are continuous in both time and value. Analog signals are used in many systems, although the use of analog signals has declined with the advent of cheap digital signals. All natural signals are Analog in nature.
10 TYPES OF COMMUNICATION CONT Digital Communication System In digital communication, the message signal to be transmitted is digital in nature. This means that digital communication involves the transmission of information in digital form. Digital signals are discrete in time and value. Digital signals are signals that are represented by binary numbers, "1" or "0". The 1 and 0 values can correspond to different discrete voltage values, and any signal that doesn't quite fit into the scheme just gets rounded off. Digital signals are sampled, quantized & encoded version of continuous time signals which they represent. In addition, some techniques also make the signal undergo encryption to make the system more tolerent to the channel. Advantage of digital communication over analog communication system Increased immunity to channel noise and external interference. Flexible operation of the system. A common format for the transmission of different kinds of message signal (e.g voice signal, video signal, computer data ). Improved security of communication through the use of encryption.
11 FREQUENCY RANGE In FM radio the modulating signal consists of speech and music, and the carrier is a sinusoidal wave of pre-determined frequency, much higher than the modulating signal frequency. Table summarized the frequency band allocation and typical applications in each frequency band.
12 MAJOR CLASSIFICATION OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM BASED ON PHYSICAL STRUCTURE LINE COMMUNICATION RADIO COMMUNICATION
13 MAJOR CLASSIFICATION OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM BASED ON THE SIGNAL SPECIFICATIONS Nature of the baseband or information signal. Nature of the transmitted signal. BASED ON THE NATURE OF THE BASEBAND SIGNAL Analog communication systems Digital communication systems BASED ON THE NATURE OF TRANSMITTED SIGNAL: The baseband signal can either be transmitted as it is without modulation, or through a carrier signal with modulation. The two systems can then be categorized as: Baseband communication system Carrier communication system Therefore, the four types of communication system categorized based on signal specification are: Analog communication systems Digital communication systems Baseband communication systems Carrier communication systems
14 MODULATION
15 What is modulation? MODULATION Modulation is performed at the transmitting end of the communication system. At the receiving end of the system we usually require the original baseband signal to be restored, this is usually accomplished by using a process known as demodulation which is the reverse process of the modulation In basic signal processing terms, we thus find that the transmitter of an analog communication system consists of a modulator and the receiver consists of a demodulator as
16 What are the reasons for modulation? If modulation is not employed however, the system designer could confront the following problems: Antenna Height Narrow Banding Poor radiation and penetration Diffraction angle Multiplexing To overcome equipment limitations To reduce noise and interferences
17 What are the Different Modulation Methods?
18 AMPLITUDE MODULATION
19 AMPLITUDE MODULATION What is Amplitude modulation? Define Amplitude modulation? A Sinusoidal carrier wave c(t) is given as Let m(t) denote the baseband signal that carries the specification of the message The source of carrier wave c(t) is physically independent of the source responsible for generating m(t) Amplitude modulation is defined as a process in which the amplitude of the carrier wave c(t) is varied about a mean value, linearly with the baseband signal m(t). An amplitude modulated wave may thus be described in its most general form as a function of time as follows
20 AMPLITUDE MODULATION From the above eqn, we find that the fourier transform of the AM wave s(t) is given by Spectrum of baseband signal Spectrum of AM wave
21 BASEBAND SIGNAL CARRIER SIGNAL & AMPLITUDE MODULATED WAVE
22 OVER MODULATION AND UNDER MODULATION. m(t) AM MODULATED WAVE s(t) s(t) Phase reversal
23 EQUATION OF AN AM WAVE The instantaneous value of modulating signal and carrier signal can be represented as given below
24 Equation of an AM Wave cont Instantaneous value of amplitude modulated signal Using the above mathematical expression for modulating and carrier signals, we can create a new mathematical expression for the complete modulated wave, as given below The instantaneous value of the amplitude modulated wave is given as
25 CALCULTION OF PERCENTAGE OF MODULATION Looking at the figure we can visualize that something unusual (distortion) will occur if Em is greater than Ec Therefore the modulating signal voltage Em must be less than the carrier voltage Ec for proper amplitude modulation This relationship between the amplitude of the modulating and carrier signals is important and it is expressed in terms of their ratio, commonly known as modulation index (m) It is also called modulation factor, modulation coefficient or the degree of modulation The m is the ratio of the modulating signal voltage to the carrier voltage The modulation index is a number lying between 0 and 1 and it is very often expressed as a percentage and called the percentage modulation
26 DEGREE OF MODULATION Calculating the modulation index using AM wave We know that with this relation we can calculate the modulation index from the modulated waveform. Hence we can write By substituting 1 st eqn in 2 nd eqn we get By diving 1 st and 3 rd eqn we get
27 FREQUENCY SPECTRUM AND BANDWIDTH OF A.M WAVE The modulated carrier has new signals at different frequencies, called side frequencies or sidebands which occur in the frequency spectrum directly above and below the carrier frequency The expression for the instantaneous value of the amplitude modulated wave Substituting the value in eqn we get Eqn 3 can be further expanded by means of the trignometric relation
28 FREQUENCY SPECTRUM AND BANDWIDTH OF A.M WAVE Looking at eqn 4 we can say that 1 st term represents unmodulated carrier and two additional terms represents two sidebands The frequency of the lower sideband (LSB) is fc fm and the frequency of the upper sideband (USB) is fc+fm BANDWIDTH OF AM WAVE We know bandwidth can be measured by subtracting lowest frequency of the signal from highest frequency of the signal For amplitude modulated wave it is given by Therefore the bandwidth required for the amplitude modulation is twice the frequency of the modulating signal
29 POWER DISTRIBUTION IN AN A.M WAVE We have seen that AM wave has three components : Unmodulated carrier Lower sideband Upper sideband Therefore the total power of AM wave is the sum of the carrier power Pc and Power in the two sidebands Pusb and Plsb. It is given as Where all three voltage represents r.m.s values and resistance R is a characteristic impedance of antenna in which the power is dissipated
30 POWER DISTRIBUTION IN AN A.M WAVE CONT... Carrier power Power in sideband Total power Modulation index in terms of Pc and Ptotal Transmission efficiency
31 VIRTUES AND LIMITATIONS OF AM MODULATION Virtue: Its greatest virtue is its simplicity of implementation What happens in the transmitter side? What happens in the receiver side? Limitations Amplitude modulation is wasteful in power Amplitude modulation is wasteful in bandwidth How to overcome these limitations?
32 DSB-FC
33 GENERATION OF AMPLITUDE MODULATION Lets describe two devices for the generation of AM waves namely Square law modulator Switching modulator Both of which will require the use of non linear element for their implementation. These two devices are well suited for low power modulation process
34 GENERATION OF DSB-FC AM SQUARE LAW MODULATOR: A Square-law modulator requires three features: a means of summing the carrier and modulating waves, a nonlinear element, and a band pass filter for extracting the desired modulation products. Semi-conductor diodes and transistors are the most common nonlinear devices used for implementing square law modulators.
35 EQUATION OF SQUARE LAW MODULATOR The transfer characteristic of the diode load transistor combination can be represented closely by a square law The input voltage v1(t) consists of the carrier wave plus the modulating wave that is Substituting the 2 nd eqn in the 1 st eqn the resulting voltage developed across the primary winding of the output transformer is given by
36 SQUARE LAW MODULATOR cont SPECTRAL RELATIONSHIP IN A SQUARELAW MODULATOR SPECTRUM OF BASEBAND SIGNAL SPECTRUM OF V2(t)
37 GENERATION OF DSB-FC AM SWITCHING MODULATOR CIRCUIT DIAGRAM Idealized Input Output Characteristic Curve
38 EQUATION OF SWITCHING MODULATOR The input voltage applied to the carrier The resulting load voltage The 2 nd eqn can be mathematically expressed as Representing this g(t) by its fourier series we have
39 The component EQUATION OF SWITCHING MODULATOR Which is the desired AM wave with amplitude sensitivity Periodic pulse train
40 DEMODULATION OR DETECTION OF AM SIGNAL SQUARE LAW DETECTOR We can remove the unwanted terms by passing this output voltage V0(t) through the band pass filter and finally we will get required AM signal. When such a device is used for the demodulation of an AM wave, we have for the input By substituting 2 nd eqn in the 1 st eqn we get
41 DEMODULATION OR DETECTION OF AM SIGNAL ENVELOPE DETECTOR Circuit diagram AM Wave input Envelope detector output
42 EQUATION OF ENVELOPE DETECTOR The charging time constant RsC is very small when compared to the carrier period 1/fc i.e., The discharging time constant R1C is very large when compared to the charging time constant i.e.,
43 LIMITATIONS IN AMPLITUDE MODULATION The carrier wave c(t) is completely independent of the information carrying signal or baseband signal m(t), which means that the transmission of the carrier wave represents a waste of power Only a fraction of the total transmitted power is affected by m(t) To overcome this the carrier component from the modulated wave resulting in Double side band suppressed carrier modulation
44 DSB-SC
45 DOUBLE SIDE BAND- SUPPRESSED CARRIER What is DSB-SC? Power saving in DSB-SC signal Equation of DSB-SC signal s(t)=c(t)m(t) From the above eqn the Fourier transform of s(t) is
46 DOUBLE SIDE BAND- SUPPRESSED CARRIER It is a form of linear modulation where the signal is generated by simply multiplying a message signal along with a carrier wave
47 DOUBLE SIDE BAND- SUPPRESSED CARRIER PHYSICAL APPEARANCE OF DSB-SC SIGNAL BASEBAND SIGNAL DSB-SC MODULATED WAVE
48 DOUBLE SIDE BAND- SUPPRESSED CARRIER FREQUENCY SPECTRUM OF DSB-SC SIGNAL SPECTRUM OF BASEBAND SIGNAL SPECTRUM OF DSB-SC MODULATED WAVE
49 GENERATION OF DSB-SC BALANCED MODULATOR What is balanced modulator? Operation of balanced modulator BALANCED MODULATOR
50 GENERATION OF DSB-SC EQUATION OF BALANCED MODULATOR The outputs of the two AM modulators may be expressed as follows and Subtracting 2 nd eqn from the 1 st eqn we obtain
51 EQUATION OF RING MODULATOR Illustrating the condition when the outer diodes are switched on and the inner diodes are switched off Illustrating the condition when the outer diodes are switched on and the inner diodes are switched off
52 GENERATION OF DSB-SC RING MODULATOR What is Ring modulator? Operation of Ring Modulator
53 EQUATION OF RING MODULATOR The square wave carrier c(t) can be represented by a fourier series as follows The ring modulator output is therefore
54 WAVEFORM ILLUSTRATING THE OPERATION OF THE RING MODULATOR FOR A SINUSOIDAL MODULATING WAVE MODULATING WAVE
55 SPECTRUM OF RING MODULATOR OUTPUT ILLUSTRATING THE SPECTRUM OF RING MODULATOR OUTPUT
56 DEMODULATION OF DSB-SC COHERENT DETECTION What is Coherent Detection? Operation of Coherent Detection COHERENT DETECTOR FOR MODULATING DSB-SC
57 EQUATION OF COHERENT DETECTION OF DSBSC WAVES The product modulator output is given as shown in the figure At the filter output we then obtain a signal given by Illustrating the spectrum of product modulator o/p with a DSBSC wave as i/p
58 DEMODULATION OF DSB-SC COSTAS RECEIVER
59 DEMODULATION OF DSB-SC SQUARING LOOP BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SQUARING LOOP
60 EQUATION OF SQUARING LOOP The square law device is characterized by the relation Therefore the DSBSC wave Applied to the input of this square law device we obtain The o/p is approximately sinusoidal as shown
61 SQUARING LOOP Cont.. Illustrating the Amplitude response of narrow band filter
62 SSB
63 SINGLE SIDE BAND What are the limitations of DSB-SC? What is SSB signal? If we consider the fact that two sidebands carry same information, DSB signal is redundant That is in DSB the basic information is transmitted twice once in each sideband Therefore there is absolutely no reason to transmit both sidebands in order to convey the information One sideband may be suppressed The resulting signal is a single sideband commonly referred to as single sideband suppressed carrier signal
64 SINGLE SIDE BAND SPECTRUM OF BASEBAND SIGNAL SPECTRUM OF DSBSC WAVE
65 SINGLE SIDE BAND SPECTRUM OF SSB WAVE WITH THE UPPER SIDEBAND TRANSMITTED SPECTRUM OF SSB WAVE WITH THE LOWER SIDEBAND TRANSMITTED
66 EQUATION OF SSB SIGNAL The time domain description of an SSB wave s(t) in the canonical form The fourier transform of SC(t) and SS(t) are related to that of the SSB wave s(t) as On the basis of the below figure we can write Accordingly the in phase component sc(t) is defined by
67 EQUATION OF SSB SIGNAL Cont On the basis of the fig we can write Where sgn(f) is the signum function equal to +1 for positive frequencies, zero for f=0 and -1 for ve frequencies. However we note that The hilbert transform of m(t) substituting 2 nd eqn in the 1 st eqn Which shows that the quadrature component ss(t) is defined by
68 SPECTRUM OF SSB WAVE SPECTRUM OF SSB WAVE SPECTRUM OF SSB WAVE SHIFTED TO THE RIGHT BY fc SPECTRUM OF IN PHASE COMPONENT
69 SPECTRUM Cont SPECTRUM OF QUADRATURE COMPONENT The cananonical representation of an SSB wave s(t) obtained bt transmitting only the upper sideband is as follows
70 GENERATION OF SSB WAVES FREQUENCY DISCRIMINATION METHOD Block Diagram of the Frequency Discrimination Method for Generating SSB Waves Block diagram of a two stage SSB modulator
71 GENERATION OF SSB WAVES PHASE DISCRIMINATION METHOD BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE PHASE DESCRIPTION METHOD FOR GENERATING SSB WAVES
72 PHASE DISCRIMINATION METHOD Block diagram of the phase discrimination method for generating SSB waves by using a pair of phase shifting network to realize a constant 90 degree phase difference
73 SUPPRESSION OF UNWANTED SIDEBAND TO GENERATE SSB-SC Weavers method
74 COMPARISON BETWEEN SSB SUPRESSION METHODS
75 DEMODULATION OF SSB WAVE COHERENT DETECTION OF SSB WAVE COHERENT DETECTION OF AN SSB WAVE SPECTRUM OF THE PRODUCT MODULATOR OUTPUT V(t)
76 EQUATION OF COHERENT DETECTION The product modulator output is given by The resulting demodulated signal is given by The fourier transform of the above eqn is From the definition of hilbert transform its given as Substituting the eqn in the above eqn we get
77 EFFECT OF THE FREQUENCY ERROR f ON THE O/P OF THE COHERENT DETECTOR WITH SSB WAVE s(t) AS I/P Spectrum of Baseband Signal with Energy Gap in the Interval fa<f<fa Spectrum of coherent detector o/p with s(t) containing lower side band and f >0 or with s(t) containing upper sideband and f<0
78 EFFECT OF THE FREQUENCY ERROR f ON THE O/P OF THE COHERENT DETECTOR WITH SSB WAVE s(t) AS I/P cont Spectrum of coherent detector output with s(t) containing upper sideband and f>0 or with s(t) containing lower sideband and f<0
79 VSB
80 VESTIGIAL SIDE BAND What are the limitations of SSB? What is Vestigial sideband modulation & How is VSB wave generated? SPECTRUM OF BASEBAND SIGNAL SPECTRUM OF VSB WAVE
81 SCHEME FOR THE GENERATION AND DEMODULATION OF A VSB WAVE BLOCK DIAGRAM OF VSB MODULATOR
82 EQUATION OF VSB WAVE The fourier transform of sc(t) is given by This eqn can be simplified as This relation shows that the in-phase component of the VSB wave s(t) is defined by To determine the quadrature component ss(t) of the VSB wave s(t) we first obtained the fourier transform of sc(t) as This eqn suggests that we may generate ss(t) except for a scaling factor by passing the message signal m(t) through a filter whose transfer function is defined by Thus the quadrature component of VSB wave is ss(t)=1/2 Acms(t)
83 RESPONSE OF A VSB FILTER Amplitude Response of VSB Filter (Only Positive Frequency Portion ) Frequency response of filter for producing the quadrature component of the VSB wave
84 GENERATION OF VSB WAVE Block diagram of phase discrimination method for generating a VSB wave When the minus sign is selected a vestige of the lower sideband is transmitted When the plus sign is selected a vestige of the upper sideband is transmitted
85 RESPONSE OF VSB FILTER Frequency response of a VSB filter used in TV receivers
86 ENVELOPE DETECTION OF A VSB WAVE PLUS CARRIER The factor ka modifies the modulated wave applied to the envelope detector input as The envelope detector output denoted by a(t) is therefore
87 COMPARISON OF SSB,DSB, VSB.
88 HILBERT TRANSFORM
89 HILBERT TRANSFORM What is Hilbert transform? Equation of Hilbert transform The hilbert transform of g(t) is given by The inverse hilbert transform by which the original signal can be obtained is The fourier transform of 1/ πt is equal to jsgn(f) where sgn(f) is the signum function defined by It follows therefore the fourier transform is given by
90 HILBERT TRANSFORM Phase characteristic of linear two port device for obtaining the Hilbert transform of a signal
91 PROPERTIES OF HILBERT TRANSFORM Property 1: A signal g(t) and its hilbert transform have the same spectral density Property 2: A signal g(t) and its hilbert transform have the same autocorrelation function Property 3: A signal g(t) and its hilbert transform are orthoganal Property 4: If is the hilbert transform of g(t) then the hilbert transform of is g(t)
92 What is pre envelope? Equation of pre envelope PRE ENVELOPE Consider a real valued signal g(t). We define the pre-envelope of the signal g(t) as a complex valued function Let G(f) be the fourier transform of g(t) then we may write Using the definition of the signum function sgn(f) we therefore have
93 SPECTRUM OF PRE ENVELOPE
94 What is complex envelope? Spectrum complex envelope COMPLEX ENVELOPE Amplitude spectrum of band pass signal g(t) Amplitude spectrum of pre envelope Amplitude spectrum of complex envelope
95 COMPLEX ENVELOPE SCHEME FOR DERIVING THE IN PHASE AND QUADRATURE COMPONENTS OF A BAND PASS SIGNAL
96 COMPLEX ENVELOPE SCHEME FOR RECONSTRUCTING THE BAND PASS SIGNAL FROM ITS IN-PHASE AND QUADRATUREW COMPONENTS
97 SUPERHETRODYNE RECEIVER
98 SUPER HETRODYNE RECEIVER What is superhetrodyne receiver? Operation of superhetrodyne receiver Block diagram of superhetrodyne receiver
99 SUPER HETRODYNE RECEIVER SPECTRUM OF SUPERHETRODYNE RECEIVER
100 END OF 1 ST UNIT
Amplitude Modulation II
Lecture 6: Amplitude Modulation II EE 3770: Communication Systems Lecture 6 Amplitude Modulation II AM Limitations DSB-SC Modulation SSB Modulation VSB Modulation Multiplexing Mojtaba Vaezi 6-1 Contents
More informationAM Limitations. Amplitude Modulation II. DSB-SC Modulation. AM Modifications
Lecture 6: Amplitude Modulation II EE 3770: Communication Systems AM Limitations AM Limitations DSB-SC Modulation SSB Modulation VSB Modulation Lecture 6 Amplitude Modulation II Amplitude modulation is
More informationSpeech, music, images, and video are examples of analog signals. Each of these signals is characterized by its bandwidth, dynamic range, and the
Speech, music, images, and video are examples of analog signals. Each of these signals is characterized by its bandwidth, dynamic range, and the nature of the signal. For instance, in the case of audio
More informationAmplitude Modulated Systems
Amplitude Modulated Systems Communication is process of establishing connection between two points for information exchange. Channel refers to medium through which message travels e.g. wires, links, or
More informationUNIT-I AMPLITUDE MODULATION (2 Marks Questions and Answers)
UNIT-I AMPLITUDE MODULATION (2 Marks Questions and Answers) 1. Define modulation? Modulation is a process by which some characteristics of high frequency carrier Signal is varied in accordance with the
More informationChapter 3: Analog Modulation Cengage Learning Engineering. All Rights Reserved.
Contemporary Communication Systems using MATLAB Chapter 3: Analog Modulation 2013 Cengage Learning Engineering. All Rights Reserved. 3.1 Preview In this chapter we study analog modulation & demodulation,
More informationOutline. Communications Engineering 1
Outline Introduction Signal, random variable, random process and spectra Analog modulation Analog to digital conversion Digital transmission through baseband channels Signal space representation Optimal
More informationB.Tech II Year II Semester (R13) Supplementary Examinations May/June 2017 ANALOG COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Code: 13A04404 R13 B.Tech II Year II Semester (R13) Supplementary Examinations May/June 2017 ANALOG COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (Electronics and Communication Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 PART A
More informationCHAPTER 2! AMPLITUDE MODULATION (AM)
CHAPTER 2 AMPLITUDE MODULATION (AM) Topics 2-1 : AM Concepts 2-2 : Modulation Index and Percentage of Modulation 2-3 : Sidebands and the Frequency Domain 2-4 : Single-Sideband Modulation 2-5 : AM Power
More informationAmplitude Modulation Chapter 2. Modulation process
Question 1 Modulation process Modulation is the process of translation the baseband message signal to bandpass (modulated carrier) signal at frequencies that are very high compared to the baseband frequencies.
More informationCode No: R Set No. 1
Code No: R05220405 Set No. 1 II B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2007 ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS ( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics & Telematics) Time: 3 hours
More informationCommunication Channels
Communication Channels wires (PCB trace or conductor on IC) optical fiber (attenuation 4dB/km) broadcast TV (50 kw transmit) voice telephone line (under -9 dbm or 110 µw) walkie-talkie: 500 mw, 467 MHz
More informationCommunications and Signals Processing
Communications and Signals Processing Department of Communications An Najah National University 2012/2013 1 3.1 Amplitude Modulation 3.2 Virtues, Limitations, and Modifications of Amplitude Modulation
More informationCharan Langton, Editor
Charan Langton, Editor SIGNAL PROCESSING & SIMULATION NEWSLETTER Baseband, Passband Signals and Amplitude Modulation The most salient feature of information signals is that they are generally low frequency.
More informationAmplitude Modulation, II
Amplitude Modulation, II Single sideband modulation (SSB) Vestigial sideband modulation (VSB) VSB spectrum Modulator and demodulator NTSC TV signsals Quadrature modulation Spectral efficiency Modulator
More information3.1 Introduction 3.2 Amplitude Modulation 3.3 Double Sideband-Suppressed Carrier Modulation 3.4 Quadrature-Carrier Multiplexing 3.
Chapter 3 Amplitude Modulation Wireless Information Transmission System Lab. Institute of Communications Engineering g National Sun Yat-sen University Outline 3.1 Introduction 3. Amplitude Modulation 3.3
More informationIntroduction to Amplitude Modulation
1 Introduction to Amplitude Modulation Introduction to project management. Problem definition. Design principles and practices. Implementation techniques including circuit design, software design, solid
More informationElements of Communication System Channel Fig: 1: Block Diagram of Communication System Terminology in Communication System
Content:- Fundamentals of Communication Engineering : Elements of a Communication System, Need of modulation, electromagnetic spectrum and typical applications, Unit V (Communication terminologies in communication
More informationChapter-1: Introduction
Chapter-1: Introduction The purpose of a Communication System is to transport an information bearing signal from a source to a user destination via a communication channel. MODEL OF A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
More information(b) What are the differences between FM and PM? (c) What are the differences between NBFM and WBFM? [9+4+3]
Code No: RR220401 Set No. 1 1. (a) The antenna current of an AM Broadcast transmitter is 10A, if modulated to a depth of 50% by an audio sine wave. It increases to 12A as a result of simultaneous modulation
More information3.1 Introduction to Modulation
Haberlesme Sistemlerine Giris (ELE 361) 9 Eylul 2017 TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Universitesi, Guz 2017-18 Dr. A. Melda Yuksel Turgut & Tolga Girici Lecture Notes Chapter 3 Amplitude Modulation Speech, music,
More informationChapter 3. Amplitude Modulation Fundamentals
Chapter 3 Amplitude Modulation Fundamentals Topics Covered 3-1: AM Concepts 3-2: Modulation Index and Percentage of Modulation 3-3: Sidebands and the Frequency Domain 3-4: AM Power 3-5: Single-Sideband
More informationCHAPTER 3 Noise in Amplitude Modulation Systems
CHAPTER 3 Noise in Amplitude Modulation Systems NOISE Review: Types of Noise External (Atmospheric(sky),Solar(Cosmic),Hotspot) Internal(Shot, Thermal) Parameters of Noise o Signal to Noise ratio o Noise
More informationMaster Degree in Electronic Engineering
Master Degree in Electronic Engineering Analog and telecommunication electronic course (ATLCE-01NWM) Miniproject: Baseband signal transmission techniques Name: LI. XINRUI E-mail: s219989@studenti.polito.it
More informationAmplitude Modulation. Amplitude Modulation. Amplitude Modulation. Amplitude Modulation. A. Introduction. A. Introduction
1. In AM modulation we impart the information of a message signal m(t) on to a sinusoidal carrier c(t). This results in the translation of the message signal to a new frequency range. The motivation for
More informationTheory of Telecommunications Networks
Theory of Telecommunications Networks Anton Čižmár Ján Papaj Department of electronics and multimedia telecommunications CONTENTS Preface... 5 1 Introduction... 6 1.1 Mathematical models for communication
More informationPart A: Question & Answers UNIT I AMPLITUDE MODULATION
PANDIAN SARASWATHI YADAV ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATON ENGG. Branch: ECE EC6402 COMMUNICATION THEORY Semester: IV Part A: Question & Answers UNIT I AMPLITUDE MODULATION 1.
More informationUNIT-1. Basic signal processing operations in digital communication
UNIT-1 Lecture-1 Basic signal processing operations in digital communication The three basic elements of every communication systems are Transmitter, Receiver and Channel. The Overall purpose of this system
More informationProblems from the 3 rd edition
(2.1-1) Find the energies of the signals: a) sin t, 0 t π b) sin t, 0 t π c) 2 sin t, 0 t π d) sin (t-2π), 2π t 4π Problems from the 3 rd edition Comment on the effect on energy of sign change, time shifting
More informationCommunication Engineering Prof. Surendra Prasad Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
Communication Engineering Prof. Surendra Prasad Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi Lecture - 10 Single Sideband Modulation We will discuss, now we will continue
More informationModulations Analog Modulations Amplitude modulation (AM) Linear modulation Frequency modulation (FM) Phase modulation (PM) cos Angle modulation FM PM Digital Modulations ASK FSK PSK MSK MFSK QAM PAM Etc.
More informationWireless Communication Fading Modulation
EC744 Wireless Communication Fall 2008 Mohamed Essam Khedr Department of Electronics and Communications Wireless Communication Fading Modulation Syllabus Tentatively Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5
More informationAmplitude Modulation Fundamentals
3 chapter Amplitude Modulation Fundamentals In the modulation process, the baseband voice, video, or digital signal modifies another, higher-frequency signal called the carrier, which is usually a sine
More informationDT Filters 2/19. Atousa Hajshirmohammadi, SFU
1/19 ENSC380 Lecture 23 Objectives: Signals and Systems Fourier Analysis: Discrete Time Filters Analog Communication Systems Double Sideband, Sub-pressed Carrier Modulation (DSBSC) Amplitude Modulation
More informationCS311: Data Communication. Transmission of Analog Signal - I
CS311: Data Communication Transmission of Analog Signal - I by Dr. Manas Khatua Assistant Professor Dept. of CSE IIT Jodhpur E-mail: manaskhatua@iitj.ac.in Web: http://home.iitj.ac.in/~manaskhatua http://manaskhatua.github.io/
More information1B Paper 6: Communications Handout 2: Analogue Modulation
1B Paper 6: Communications Handout : Analogue Modulation Ramji Venkataramanan Signal Processing and Communications Lab Department of Engineering ramji.v@eng.cam.ac.uk Lent Term 16 1 / 3 Modulation Modulation
More informationTSEK02: Radio Electronics Lecture 2: Modulation (I) Ted Johansson, EKS, ISY
TSEK02: Radio Electronics Lecture 2: Modulation (I) Ted Johansson, EKS, ISY An Overview of Modulation Techniques: chapter 3.1 3.3.1 2 Introduction (3.1) Analog Modulation Amplitude Modulation Phase and
More informationS.R.M. Institute of Science & Technology School of Electronics & Communication Engineering
S.R.M. Institute of Science & Technology School of Electronics & Communication Engineering QUESTION BANK Subject Code : EC314 Subject Name : Communication Engineering Year & Sem : III Year, 6th Sem (EEE)
More informationTSEK02: Radio Electronics Lecture 2: Modulation (I) Ted Johansson, EKS, ISY
TSEK02: Radio Electronics Lecture 2: Modulation (I) Ted Johansson, EKS, ISY 2 Basic Definitions Time and Frequency db conversion Power and dbm Filter Basics 3 Filter Filter is a component with frequency
More informationAmplitude Modulation. Ahmad Bilal
Amplitude Modulation Ahmad Bilal 5-2 ANALOG AND DIGITAL Analog-to-analog conversion is the representation of analog information by an analog signal. Topics discussed in this section: Amplitude Modulation
More informationCOMM 601: Modulation I
Prof. Ahmed El-Mahdy, Communications Department The German University in Cairo Text Books [1] Couch, Digital and Analog Communication Systems, 7 th edition, Prentice Hall, 2007. [2] Simon Haykin, Communication
More informationEE4512 Analog and Digital Communications Chapter 6. Chapter 6 Analog Modulation and Demodulation
Chapter 6 Analog Modulation and Demodulation Chapter 6 Analog Modulation and Demodulation Amplitude Modulation Pages 306-309 309 The analytical signal for double sideband, large carrier amplitude modulation
More informationEXPERIMENT WISE VIVA QUESTIONS
EXPERIMENT WISE VIVA QUESTIONS Pulse Code Modulation: 1. Draw the block diagram of basic digital communication system. How it is different from analog communication system. 2. What are the advantages of
More informationELEC 350 Communications Theory and Systems: I. Review. ELEC 350 Fall
ELEC 350 Communications Theory and Systems: I Review ELEC 350 Fall 007 1 Final Examination Saturday, December 15-3 hours Two pages of notes allowed Calculator Tables provided Fourier transforms Table.1
More information15.Calculate the local oscillator frequency if incoming frequency is F1 and translated carrier frequency
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING SUBJECT NAME:COMMUNICATION THEORY YEAR/SEM: II/IV SUBJECT CODE: EC 6402 UNIT I:l (AMPLITUDE MODULATION) PART A 1. Compute the bandwidth of the AMP
More informationEC2252: COMMUNICATION THEORY SEM / YEAR: II year DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
EC2252: COMMUNICATION THEORY SEM / YEAR: II year DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK SUBJECT CODE : EC2252 SEM / YEAR : II year SUBJECT NAME : COMMUNICATION THEORY UNIT
More informationVestigial Sideband Modulation KEEE343 Communication Theory Lecture #11, April 7, Prof. Young-Chai Ko
Vestigial Sideband Modulation KEEE343 Communication Theory Lecture #11, April 7, 2011 Prof. Young-Chai Ko koyc@korea.ac.kr Summary Vestigial sideband modulation Baseband representation of modulated wave
More informationCHAPTER -15. Communication Systems
CHAPTER -15 Communication Systems COMMUNICATION Communication is the act of transmission and reception of information. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM: A system comprises of transmitter, communication channel and
More information4.1 REPRESENTATION OF FM AND PM SIGNALS An angle-modulated signal generally can be written as
1 In frequency-modulation (FM) systems, the frequency of the carrier f c is changed by the message signal; in phase modulation (PM) systems, the phase of the carrier is changed according to the variations
More informationLecture 6. Angle Modulation and Demodulation
Lecture 6 and Demodulation Agenda Introduction to and Demodulation Frequency and Phase Modulation Angle Demodulation FM Applications Introduction The other two parameters (frequency and phase) of the carrier
More informationANALOG COMMUNICATIONS. BY P.Swetha, Assistant Professor (Units 1, 2 & 5) K.D.K.Ajay, Assistant Professor (Units 3 & 4)
ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS BY P.Swetha, Assistant Professor (Units 1, 2 & 5) K.D.K.Ajay, Assistant Professor (Units 3 & 4) (R15A0409) ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS Course Objectives: Objective of the course is to:
More informationLAB Assignment No. 6: TO STUDY GENERATION OF DOUBLE SIDE BAND AMPLITUDE MODULATE (AM) WAVEFORMS, USING DSB/SSB TRANSMITTER
LAB Assignment No. 6: TO STUDY GENERATION OF DOUBLE SIDE BAND AMPLITUDE MODULATE (AM) WAVEFORMS, USING DSB/SSB TRANSMITTER APPARATUS: Oscilloscope DSB/SSB Traine Power supply Connecting leads THEORY: A
More informationCommunication Systems
Electrical Engineering Communication Systems Comprehensive Theory with Solved Examples and Practice Questions Publications Publications MADE EASY Publications Corporate Office: 44-A/4, Kalu Sarai (Near
More informationS.R.M Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed University) Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
S.R.M Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed University) Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering QUESTION BANK Subject Code : EC211 Subject Name : Communication Engineering Year & Sem
More informationModulation is the process of impressing a low-frequency information signal (baseband signal) onto a higher frequency carrier signal
Modulation is the process of impressing a low-frequency information signal (baseband signal) onto a higher frequency carrier signal Modulation is a process of mixing a signal with a sinusoid to produce
More informationIntroduction. Amplitude Modulation System Angle Modulation System
Introduction Amplitude Modulation System Angle Modulation System Frequency Modulation Phase Modulation Digital Communication Elements of Information Theory Advanced Communication Techniques 1 Tools for
More informationFaculty of Engineering Electrical Engineering Department Communication Engineering I Lab (EELE 3170) Eng. Adam M. Hammad
Faculty of Engineering Electrical Engineering Department Communication Engineering I Lab (EELE 3170) Eng. Adam M. Hammad EXPERIMENT #5 DSB-SC AND SSB MODULATOR Theory The amplitude-modulated signal is
More informationCommunication Systems
Electronics Engineering Communication Systems Comprehensive Theory with Solved Examples and Practice Questions Publications Publications MADE EASY Publications Corporate Office: 44-A/4, Kalu Sarai (Near
More informationAM and FM MODULATION Lecture 5&6
AM and FM MODULATION Lecture 5&6 Ir. Muhamad Asvial, MEng., PhD Center for Information and Communication Engineering Research Electrical Engineering Department University of Indonesia Kampus UI Depok,
More information! Amplitude of carrier wave varies a mean value in step with the baseband signal m(t)
page 7.1 CHAPTER 7 AMPLITUDE MODULATION Transmit information-bearing (message) or baseband signal (voice-music) through a Communications Channel Baseband = band of frequencies representing the original
More informationcosω t Y AD 532 Analog Multiplier Board EE18.xx Fig. 1 Amplitude modulation of a sine wave message signal
University of Saskatchewan EE 9 Electrical Engineering Laboratory III Amplitude and Frequency Modulation Objectives: To observe the time domain waveforms and spectra of amplitude modulated (AM) waveforms
More informationSIR PADAMPAT SINGHANIA UNIVERSITY UDAIPUR Sample Question Paper for Ph.D. (Electronics & Communication Engineering) SPSAT 18
INSTRUCTIONS SIR PADAMPAT SINGHANIA UNIVERSITY UDAIPUR Sample Question Paper for Ph.D. (Electronics & Communication Engineering) SPSAT 18 The test is 60 minutes long and consists of 40 multiple choice
More informationVALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603 203. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK SUBJECT : EC6402 COMMUNICATION THEORY SEM / YEAR: IV / II year B.E.
More informationKINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK
KINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK SUB.NAME : COMMUNICATION THEORY SUB.CODE: EC1252 YEAR : II SEMESTER : IV UNIT I AMPLITUDE MODULATION SYSTEMS
More informationData Conversion Circuits & Modulation Techniques. Subhasish Chandra Assistant Professor Department of Physics Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur
Data Conversion Circuits & Modulation Techniques Subhasish Chandra Assistant Professor Department of Physics Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur Data Conversion Circuits 2 Digital systems are being used
More informationDEPARTMENT OF CSE QUESTION BANK
DEPARTMENT OF CSE QUESTION BANK SUBJECT CODE: CS6304 SUBJECT NAME: ANALOG AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATION Part-A UNIT-I ANALOG COMMUNICATION 1.Define modulation? Modulation is a process by which some characteristics
More informationKeywords Internet, LabVIEW, Smart Classroom-cum-Laboratory, Teaching and Learning process of communication.
Volume 4, Issue 10, October 2014 ISSN: 2277 128X International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering Research Paper Available online at: www.ijarcsse.com Smart Classroom-cum-Laboratory
More informationLinear Modulation: Amplitude Modulation
1 Communication Systems Chapter Linear Modulation: Amplitude Modulation In the previous chapter, we have covered, what is modulation, its different types along with its need. Now here in this chapter we
More informationAN INTRODUCTION OF ANALOG AND DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES IN COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
AN INTRODUCTION OF ANALOG AND DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES IN COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Rashmi Pandey Vedica Institute of Technology, Bhopal Department of Electronics & Communication rashmipandey07@rediffmail.com
More informationMAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE-TRICHY QUESTION BANK UNIT IV PART-A
MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE-TRICHY QUESTION BANK SATELLITE COMMUNICATION DEPT./SEM.:ECE/VIII UNIT IV PART-A 1. What are the advantages of the super heterodyne receiver over TRF receiver? (AUC MAY 2004)
More informationV. CHANDRA SEKAR Professor and Head Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SASTRA University, Kumbakonam
V. CHANDRA SEKAR Professor and Head Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SASTRA University, Kumbakonam 1 Contents Preface v 1. Introduction 1 1.1 What is Communication? 1 1.2 Modulation
More informationUNIT 1 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
UNIT 1 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 1. Define modulation? Modulation is a process by which some characteristics of high frequency carrier signal is varied in accordance with the instantaneous value of the modulating
More informationLecture-3 Amplitude Modulation: Single Side Band (SSB) Modulation
Lecture-3 Amplitude Modulation: Single Side Band (SSB) Modulation 3.0 Introduction. 3.1 Baseband Signal SSB Modulation. 3.1.1 Frequency Domain Description. 3.1. Time Domain Description. 3. Single Tone
More informationTime division multiplexing The block diagram for TDM is illustrated as shown in the figure
CHAPTER 2 Syllabus: 1) Pulse amplitude modulation 2) TDM 3) Wave form coding techniques 4) PCM 5) Quantization noise and SNR 6) Robust quantization Pulse amplitude modulation In pulse amplitude modulation,
More informationEE390 Final Exam Fall Term 2002 Friday, December 13, 2002
Name Page 1 of 11 EE390 Final Exam Fall Term 2002 Friday, December 13, 2002 Notes 1. This is a 2 hour exam, starting at 9:00 am and ending at 11:00 am. The exam is worth a total of 50 marks, broken down
More informationWorld Journal of Engineering Research and Technology WJERT
wjert, 2017, Vol. 3, Issue 2, 185-197 Original Article ISSN 2454-695X Susanchi et al. WJERT www.wjert.org SJIF Impact Factor: 4.326 DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF DOUBLE SIDE BAND SUPPRESSED CARRIER MODEL USING
More informationChapter 5. Amplitude Modulation
Chapter 5 Amplitude Modulation So far we have developed basic signal and system representation techniques which we will now apply to the analysis of various analog communication systems. In particular,
More informationPart I - Amplitude Modulation
EE/CME 392 Laboratory 1-1 Part I - Amplitude Modulation Safety: In this lab, voltages are less than 15 volts and this is not normally dangerous to humans. However, you should assemble or modify a circuit
More informationSignals and Systems Lecture 9 Communication Systems Frequency-Division Multiplexing and Frequency Modulation (FM)
Signals and Systems Lecture 9 Communication Systems Frequency-Division Multiplexing and Frequency Modulation (FM) April 11, 2008 Today s Topics 1. Frequency-division multiplexing 2. Frequency modulation
More informationAmplitude Modulation
Amplitude Modulation Manasvi Grover Electronics and Communications Department Northern India Engineering College, New Delhi, India Maninder Bir Singh Gulshan Electronics and Communications Department Northern
More informationUNIT I FUNDAMENTALS OF ANALOG COMMUNICATION Introduction In the Microbroadcasting services, a reliable radio communication system is of vital importance. The swiftly moving operations of modern communities
More informationAmplitude Modulation
Amplitude Modulation Ang Man Shun October 30, 01 Reference Hwei P. Hsu Analog and Digital Communication Summary Message Carrier Simple AM DSB-LC DSB-SC SSB / VSB Equation m(t) Large Carrier Unity A m cos
More informationDownloaded from 1
VII SEMESTER FINAL EXAMINATION-2004 Attempt ALL questions. Q. [1] How does Digital communication System differ from Analog systems? Draw functional block diagram of DCS and explain the significance of
More informationApplication of Fourier Transform in Signal Processing
1 Application of Fourier Transform in Signal Processing Lina Sun,Derong You,Daoyun Qi Information Engineering College, Yantai University of Technology, Shandong, China Abstract: Fourier transform is a
More informationS.E. (Electronics/Electronics and Telecommunication Engg.) (Second Semester) EXAMINATION, 2014 COMMUNICATION THEORY (2008 PATTERN)
Total No. of Questions 12] [Total No. of Printed Pages 7 Seat No. [4657]-49 S.E. (Electronics/Electronics and Telecommunication Engg.) (Second Semester) EXAMINATION, 2014 COMMUNICATION THEORY (2008 PATTERN)
More informationSignal Characteristics
Data Transmission The successful transmission of data depends upon two factors:» The quality of the transmission signal» The characteristics of the transmission medium Some type of transmission medium
More informationExperiment 1 Design of Conventional Amplitude Modulator
Name and ID: Preliminary Work Group Number: Date: Experiment 1 Design of Conventional Amplitude Modulator 1. Using the information given in this assignment, design your switching modulator that modulates
More informationDesign of a Digital Transmission System Using ASAK for the Transmission and Reception of Text Messages Using LABVIEW
Design of a Digital Transmission System Using ASAK for the Transmission and Reception of Text Messages Using LABVIEW K. Ravi Babu 1, M.Srinivas 2 1 Asst. Prof, Dept of ECE, PBR VITS 2 Asst. Prof, Dept
More informationANALOGUE TRANSMISSION OVER FADING CHANNELS
J.P. Linnartz EECS 290i handouts Spring 1993 ANALOGUE TRANSMISSION OVER FADING CHANNELS Amplitude modulation Various methods exist to transmit a baseband message m(t) using an RF carrier signal c(t) =
More informationtwo computers. 2- Providing a channel between them for transmitting and receiving the signals through it.
1. Introduction: Communication is the process of transmitting the messages that carrying information, where the two computers can be communicated with each other if the two conditions are available: 1-
More informationRadio Technology and Architectures. 1 ENGN4521/ENGN6521: Embedded Wireless L#1
Radio Technology and Architectures 1 ENGN4521/ENGN6521: Embedded Wireless L#1 Radio (Architectures) Spectrum plan and legal issues Radio Architectures and components 2 ENGN4521/ENGN6521: Embedded Wireless
More informationAM, PM and FM mo m dula l ti t o i n
AM, PM and FM modulation What is amplitude modulation In order that a radio signal can carry audio or other information for broadcasting or for two way radio communication, it must be modulated or changed
More informationAnalog Communication.
Analog Communication Vishnu N V Tele is Greek for at a distance, and Communicare is latin for to make common. Telecommunication is the process of long distance communications. Early telecommunications
More information4- Single Side Band (SSB)
4- Single Side Band (SSB) It can be shown that: s(t) S.S.B = m(t) cos ω c t ± m h (t) sin ω c t -: USB ; +: LSB m(t) X m(t) cos ω c t -π/ cos ω c t -π/ + s S.S.B m h (t) X m h (t) ± sin ω c t 1 Tone Modulation:
More informationUNIT-2 Angle Modulation System
UNIT-2 Angle Modulation System Introduction There are three parameters of a carrier that may carry information: Amplitude Frequency Phase Frequency Modulation Power in an FM signal does not vary with modulation
More informationELEC3242 Communications Engineering Laboratory Amplitude Modulation (AM)
ELEC3242 Communications Engineering Laboratory 1 ---- Amplitude Modulation (AM) 1. Objectives 1.1 Through this the laboratory experiment, you will investigate demodulation of an amplitude modulated (AM)
More informationRadio Receiver Architectures and Analysis
Radio Receiver Architectures and Analysis Robert Wilson December 6, 01 Abstract This article discusses some common receiver architectures and analyzes some of the impairments that apply to each. 1 Contents
More informationTechnician License Course Chapter 2. Lesson Plan Module 3 Modulation and Bandwidth
Technician License Course Chapter 2 Lesson Plan Module 3 Modulation and Bandwidth The Basic Radio Station What Happens During Radio Communication? Transmitting (sending a signal): Information (voice, data,
More informationAmplitude Modulation Early Radio EE 442 Spring Semester Lecture 6
Amplitude Modulation Early Radio EE 442 Spring Semester Lecture 6 f f f LO audio baseband m http://www.technologyuk.net/telecommunications/telecom_principles/amplitude_modulation.shtml AM Modulation --
More informationThe quality of the transmission signal The characteristics of the transmission medium. Some type of transmission medium is required for transmission:
Data Transmission The successful transmission of data depends upon two factors: The quality of the transmission signal The characteristics of the transmission medium Some type of transmission medium is
More information