2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5392

Transcription

1 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5392

2 Ex Isolating Spark Gaps EXFS 100 ( ) and EXFS 100 KU ( ) 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016

3 Ex isolating spark gap EXFS 100; Part No Product description / Specifications Ex isolating spark gap EXFS 100 according to EN for lightning equipotential bonding according to IEC , especially for use in hazardous areas on account of explosive gas or dust atmospheres in zone 1 / 2 or 21 / 22. ATEX-certified (94/9/EG) Lightning impulse current (10/350 µs): 100 ka Class of lightning current carrying capability: Nominal discharge current (8/20 µs): Rated impulse sparkover voltage (1.2/50 µs): Power frequency sparkover voltage (50Hz): H 100 ka 1250 V 500 V Rated short-duration power frequency withstand voltage (50 Hz): 250 V Rated discharge current (50 Hz): 500 A / 0.5 s With M10x25 connection bolt and spring washer on both sides Gases: II 2G Ex d IIC T6 Dusts: II 2D Ex td A21 IP67 T 80 C 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5240e

4 EC-Type Examination Certificate for EXFS 100 (KU); Part No ( ) EXAM BBG Prüf- und Zertifizier GmbH Document: BVS 06 ATEX E 099 (17) Special conditions for safe use None 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5237

5 Ex isolating spark gaps Examples of use 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016

6 Ex isolating spark gap EXFS 100; Part No Application environment Isolating spark gaps or protective spark gaps are supposed to establish a galvanic isolation of electric parts of the installation, which are not connected with each other under normal operating conditions. - Specific applications: for establishing a galvanic isolation of insulating flanges and insulated couplings (e.g. fuel pipes) Cathodic corrosion protection of tanks Cathodic corrosion protection of pipelines Lightning equipotential bonding of gas pressure regulation stations Assembly: Isolating spark gaps can be mounted between the parts of the installation to be bridged by means of brackets or connectors. When mounting isolating sparks, the shortest possible cable length should be used as long cables increase the danger of inductive voltages putting unnecessary stress on the isolation DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5242e

7 Ex isolating spark gap EXFS 100; Part No Application 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5238e

8 Cathodic corrosion protection of tank installations EXFS 100 building earth ~ DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5300e

9 Insulating flange of fuel or product pipelines EXFS 100 insulating flange gas pressure regulator EXFS 100 insulating flange 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5303e

10 Installation of EXFS 100 detail electric actuator, e.g. MOV (motor operated valve) EXFS mm² Cu cathodic corrosion protection Insulating flange ground earth-termination system 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5305e_c

11 Ex isolating spark gaps EXFS 100 (KU) Application Reference: Schwelm Anlagentechnik GmbH, Austria 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5317e_b

12 5 Steps for selection and correct installation of Ex isolating Spark Gaps in accordance with AfK Recommendation No. 5 Edition: 2010 and IEC :2011 (81/387/CDV) 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016

13 Manfred Kienlein SALES DEPT. INDUSTRY MARKET MANAGER LIGHTNING AND SURGE PROTECTION Internet: DEHN + SÖHNE GMBH + CO.KG HANS-DEHN-STR. 1 POSTFACH 1640 D NEUMARKT TEL FAX DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

14 1. Step Lightning Protection Level (LPL) acc. to IEC DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016

15 Risk of lighting strikes and overvoltage for pipelines Current distribution S1 When lightning strikes a pipeline, the lightning current is evenly distributed in both directions (50:50 rule). This means that the following maximum parameters must be taken into account for the spark gap and its installation environment 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

16 Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure in accordance with AfK - AfK recommendation No. 5: Lightning current parameters In the following the maximum values of the first short stroke for the different lightning protection levels (LPL) (see Table 5 of IEC ) are used. The lightning protection level is used to implement protection measures according to the relevant set of lightning current parameters. The parameters for the subsequent negative short stroke are neglected since no significantly high current steepness is to be expected (values based on experience over the last decades) if lightning current is coupled (galvanic coupling) into the pipeline at the place of installation of the spark gap (insulating piece) DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

17 Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure in accordance with AfK No. 5 and IEC AfK recommendation No. 5: Lightning current parameters Current parameters First short stroke Peak current Short stroke charge Specific energy Time parameters Symbol Unit I II III IV I ka Q short C W/R MJ/Ω T 1 /T 2 LPL µs/µs 10/350 Average steepness di/dt ka/µs Ref.: Excerpt from IEC :2006-1, Table DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

18 Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure in accordance with AfK No. 5 and IEC AfK recommendation No. 5: Lightning current parameters When lightning strikes a pipeline, the lightning current is evenly distributed in both directions (50:50 rule). This means that the following maximum parameters must be taken into account for the spark gap and its installation environment: Current parameters First short stroke Peak current Short stroke charge Specific energy Time parameters Maximum lightning current parameters for connecting cables Symbol Unit I II III IV I ka Q short C W/R MJ/Ω T 1 /T 2 LPL µs/µs 10/350 Average steepness di/dt ka/µs DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

19 Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure in accordance with AfK - AfK recommendation No. 5: Lightning current parameters Thus, in the following the average steepness of the first short stroke is used for assessing the voltage drop in all connecting cables. It is certainly possible that lightning directly strikes the insulating piece or the spark gap. This, however, needs to be prevented by taking adequate external lightning protection measures in accordance with IEC DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

20 2. Step voltage withstand capability of insulating joints acc. AfK No DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016

21 Voltage withstand capability of insulating joints AfK recommendation No. 5: Two classifications: Class 1 U PW : 5 kv rms Class 2 U PW : 2.5 kv rms Insulating joint U PW 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, / 5321e_e

22 3. Step connection cable length acc. AfK No DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016

23 Max. cable length of connection cables Depending on the max. current steepness of the first short stroke for the relevant class of LPS (LPL) and the connecting cable length, the electric strength of the insulating piece might be exceeded due to the voltage drop across the connecting cable. This might already occur (based on a class I insulating piece and class of LPS I ) for a cable length of more than 300 mm (for this reason the standard connecting cable lengths are limited to 300mm). Note: Connection cable min. 16 mm² Cu or equal 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, / 5320e_a_MAK

24 Ex isolating spark gaps Connecting cable lengths (di/dt) max (di/dt) max L of the connecting cable Ref.: Hasse, P.: Überspannungsschutz für Niederspannungsanlagen, TÜV - Verlag GmbH, Köln, 1998 R 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

25 4. Step selection of spark gap acc. AfK No DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016

26 Ex isolating spark gaps technical data AfK recommendation No. 5: Selection and installation Adequate explosion-proof isolating spark gaps should feature the following characteristics: Tested in accordance with IEC Lightning current carrying capability: class H or N d.c. sparkover voltage: > 600 V 1) 100 % lightning impulse sparkover voltage (1.2/50 µs): 1.25 kv 1) Normally > Û at the place of installation 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

27 Ex isolating spark gaps technical data AfK recommendation No. 5: Selection and installation Adequate explosion-proof isolating spark gaps should feature the following characteristics: Rated discharge current (8/20 µs): 100 ka Lightning impulse current I imp (10/350 µs): 100 ka (H), 50 ka (N) Rated withstand voltage (50 Hz): 250 V 1) 1) Normally > Û at the place of installation 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

28 Ex isolating spark gaps technical data AfK recommendation No. 5: Selection and installation Adequate explosion-proof isolating spark gaps should feature the following characteristics: Rated alternating discharge current (50 Hz): 500 A / 0.5s 2) IECEx and ATEX certification for the relevant hazardous zone at the place of installation 2) Max. discharge current in case of interference at the place of installation 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

29 5. Step coordination spark gap to insulating joints acc. AfK No DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016

30 Mode of Operation of Ex isolating Spark Gaps 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016

31 Ex isolating spark gaps Mode of operation ISOLATE TRIGGER DISCHARGE EXTINGUISH Isolate = Circuit open During normal operation the EXFS 100 isolating spark gap has a high resistance (> 500 kohms). Normal operation of the system is thus not compromised. Trigger = Circuit closes As soon as the sparkover voltage U ag or U as is reached, the EXFS 100 isolating spark gap immediately triggers and reduces the voltage to a safe level. Discharge = Circuit closed After the EXFS 100 isolating spark gap triggered, it discharges the energy content of the interference pulse without posing a risk to the environment. Extinguish = Circuit opens After the energy of the interference pulse has been discharged, the EXFS 100 isolating spark gap extinguishes and changes back to normal operation. The original electrical characteristics are retained and the system is protected again DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

32 Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure in compliance with AfK - AfK recommendation No. 5: Coordination Ex isolating spark gaps / insulating joints Coordination between the insulating clearance of the insulating joints and the associated spark gap is to ensure that the discharge process following a lightning discharge is performed via the spark gap and not via the insulating clearance of the insulating joints. The isolating spark gap thus represents a defined flashover point which prevents discharge with uncontrolled sparking. At the same time, ignition of an explosive atmosphere is prevented. Coordination during lightning discharge is basically ensured if the voltage caused by the discharge process does not reach the value of the electric strength across the insulation of the insulating joints DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

33 Voltage characteristic for insulating joints in case of lightning effects (schematic) insulating joints 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

34 Ex isolating spark gaps Trigger function TRIGGER Trigger = Circuit closes As soon as the sparkover voltage U ag or U as is reached, the EXFS 100 isolating spark gap immediately triggers and reduces the voltage to a safe level DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

35 Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure in accordance with AfK - Trigger function AfK recommendation No. 5: Coordination Ex isolating spark gaps / insulating joints The following requirements are to be fulfilled to ensure insulation coordination: The impulse sparkover voltage U as (1.2 / 50 µs) of the spark gap must be 50 % smaller than the r.m.s. power-frequency test voltage U PW of the insulating joints. Requirement: U as <= U PW / 2 e.g. class 2 insulating piece: U PW = 2.5 kv Impulse sparkover voltage U as : <= 1.25 kv (1.2 / 50 µs) of the isolating spark gap 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

36 EXFS 100 (KU) Ex isolating spark gaps Trigger function AfK recommendation No. 5: The impulse sparkover voltage (1.2/50) of the isolating spark gap should be below 50% of the 50 Hz power-frequency flashover voltage (r.m.s. value) of the insulating joints. U as U as 0.5 * U PW Class 1 insulating joints : Class 2 insulating joints : Class 1: U PW = 5 kv Class 2: U PW = 2.5 kv U as 0.5 * 5 kv U as 2.5 kv U as 0.5 * 2.5 kv U as 1.25 kv U PW DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, / 5321e_e

37 Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure in accordance with AfK - Trigger function AfK recommendation No. 5: Coordination Ex isolating spark gaps / insulating joints The impulse sparkover voltage (1.2 / 50 µs) is determined and specified in a test procedure in accordance with IEC This ensures that changes of the impulse sparkover voltage as a result of ageing and thus of the coordination requirement are excluded / considered DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

38 Ex isolating spark gaps Discharge function DISCHARGE Discharge = Circuit closed After the EXFS 100 isolating spark gap has triggered, it discharges the energy content of the interference pulse without posing a risk to the environment DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

39 Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure according to AfK - Discharge function AfK recommendation No. 5: Coordination Ex isolating spark gaps / insulating piece The following requirements are to be fulfilled to ensure insulation coordination: After the spark gap has triggered, the max. voltage drop between the connecting points of the Ex isolating spark gap (U max ) must not exceed the peak value of the power-frequency test voltage (Û). Requirement: U max < Û e.g. class 1 insulating piece: U PW = 5 kv; Û = 7 kv 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

40 Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure according to AfK - Discharge function AfK recommendation No. 5: Determination of the connecting cable length Spark gap Insulation 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

41 Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure calculation according to AfK No. 5 AfK recommendation No. 5: Formulas for calculating the voltage drop insulating piece (depends on the Ex isolating spark gap) 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

42 Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure calculation according to AfK No. 5 AfK recommendation No. 5: Sample calculation Installation height H of the loop: 15 cm Connecting point clearance (cable length) S L : 70 cm Total length of connecting cables l = S L + 2 * H = 100 cm Ex isolating spark gap used: EXFS 100 Type of conductor: flexible circular conductor, 25 mm², Cu (rho = Ohms * mm² / m); L = 1 µh / m Class 1 insulating flange (5 kv rms ) Û = 5 kv x Sqr (2) = 7 kv spark gap insulation 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

43 Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure calculation according to AfK No. 5 AfK recommendation No. 5: Sample calculation U max = U bo + I max * R L + L * di / dt U bo = 30 V (const.) I imp = 100 ka (wave form 10/350 µs) di / dt = 10 ka / µs R L = rho * l / A = ( Ohms * mm² / m) * 1 m / 25 mm² = mohms L = 1 µh / m (typical value) insulating joint (depends on the Ex isolating spark gap) 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

44 Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure calculation according to AfK No. 5 AfK recommendation No. 5: Sample calculation U max = 30 V ka * mohms + 1 µh * 10 ka / µs U max = kv U max [10.10 kv] > Û [7 kv] Coordination requirements not fulfilled!!! spark gap insulation 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

45 Voltage drop depending on the connecting cables Voltage drop [kv] steepness: LPL 1 steepness: LPL 2 LPL 3 steepness: Connecting cable length [cm] 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

46 Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure Measures according to AfK No. 5 AfK recommendation No. 5: Measures to be taken if the coordination requirement is not fulfilled Parallel connection of spark gaps If the voltage drop U max exceeds the value of the test voltage U PW specified for the insulating piece (e.g. class 1: 5 kv rms ), this can be compensated by installing additional spark gaps DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

47 Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure Measures according to AfK No. 5 AfK recommendation No. 5: Measures to be taken if the coordination requirement is not fulfilled Parallel connection of spark gaps Insulation coordination is assured if the number of spark gaps (down conductors N) multiplied with the peak value of the test voltage of the insulating piece (Û) is equal to or greater than the value calculated for the voltage drop across all connecting cables (Umax). Requirement: Û >= U max / N Note: Type of spark gap and cable length have to be the same 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

48 Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure Measures according to AfK No. 5 AfK recommendation No. 5: Measures to be taken if the coordination requirement is not fulfilled Parallel connection of spark gaps Formula: N = U max / Û = kv : 7 kv 2 N: number of spark gaps In order to protect the insulating piece, two spark gaps must be installed in parallel (symmetrical arrangement) at the flange. If several spark gaps are connected in parallel, the spark gaps ignite one after the other and the electric strength of the insulating piece is never exceeded DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

49 Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure Measures according to AfK No. 5 AfK recommendation No. 5: Measures to be taken if the coordination requirement is not fulfilled Parallel connection of spark gaps Note: It is advisable to perform a type test (verification of coordination between insulating piece and spark gap with connecting cables) for the parallel arrangement of spark gaps with insulating piece in an impulse current laboratory with the relevant lightning current parameters according to the LPL DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

50 Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure Measures according to AfK No. 5 AfK recommendation No. 5: Measures to be taken if the coordination requirement is not fulfilled Parallel routing of the feed and return cable Parallel routing of the feed and return cable (might be additionally twisted) e.g. if the spark gap is installed above ground. Coaxial cable arrangement e.g. if the spark gap is installed above ground (see Figure B.1) spark gap DIN rail terminals reinforcement isolating point e.g. measuring pile concrete foundation coaxial cable: sheath at least 1 x 16 2 tube at least 1 x 16 2 e.g. type 1/2 Cu 2Y 75 Ohms 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

51 Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure Measures according to AfK No. 5 AfK recommendation No. 5: Measures to be taken if the coordination requirement is not fulfilled Parallel routing of the feed and return cable Note: It is advisable to perform a type test (verification of coordination between insulating piece and spark gap with connecting cables) for the parallel arrangement of spark gaps with insulating piece in an impulse current laboratory with the relevant lightning current parameters according to the LPL. spark gap DIN rail terminals reinforcement isolating point e.g. measuring pile concrete foundation coaxial cable: sheath at least 1 x 16 2 tube at least 1 x 16 2 e.g. type 1/2 Cu 2Y 75 Ohms 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

52 Type Tests for Insulating Joints with Ex isolating Spark Gaps 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016

53 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO Test Set-up

54 Schematic test set-up Lightning current generator 200 ka, 10/350 µs External EXFS 100 spark gap Connecting cable length l (25 mm 2 ) Insulating joint 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

55 Photo of the test set-up Impulse current generator 200 ka, 10/350 µs Earthing Insulating joint at the pipeline Injection of impulse current 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

56 Photo of the test set-up 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

57 Photo of the test set-up 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

58 Photo of the test set-up 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

59 Oscillograms of the impulse current test Wave form 10 / 350 µs Total current Total current current through EXFS Current flowing through the external EXFS spark gap Oscillogram 1: Test 1 - Connecting cable length of 40 cm 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

60 Oscillograms of the impulse current test Wave form 10 / 350 µs Total current Total current Current flowing through the external EXFS spark gap current through EXFS Oscillogram 2: Test 2 - Connecting cable length of 60 cm 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, 2011

61 EXFS 100 ( ) and EXFS 100 KU ( ) - more than just spark gaps 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016

62 EXFS more than just an isolating spark gap Lightning impulse current (10/350): Class of lightning current carrying capability: Rated short-duration power frequency withstand voltage (50Hz): Rated impulse sparkover voltage (1.2/50): A.c. sparkover voltage (50 Hz): Nominal discharge current (8/20): 100 ka H 250 V 1250 V 300 V 100 ka Test acc. to EN Lightning protection AfK-recommendation Rated discharge current (50 Hz): 500 A / 0.5 s Connection enclosure with M10 x 25 connection bolt and spring washer on both sides Testing of further practice relevent loadings of the spark gap 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5297e_a

63 Pipelines affected by interferences lightning strike earth fault / short-circuit current electromagnetic interference earth electrode pipeline leakage currents caused by electrical railway systems earth electrode 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5422e_a

64 Sources of interference can be leakage currents caused by electrical railway systems galvanic pulse injection via the soil electromagnetic fields caused by high-voltage transmission lines inductive pulse injection earth faults and short circuits caused by high-voltage transmission lines galvanic / inductive pulse injection lightning interference caused by thunderstorms galvanic / inductive pulse injection 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5422e_b

65 EXFS more than just an isolating spark gap transient switch additionally switch for controlling of short-term interferences of high-voltage systems (up to 500 ms) 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5297e_b

66 Non-standard parameters from practice 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016

67 EXFS more than just an isolating spark gap If pipeline systems are in the influence area of high-voltage systems, the spark gap has to carry high alternating currents in case of response. This short-term interference (AfK recommendation No. 3) causes a thermal loading which can damage the spark gap. The max. break-time at earth faults is approx. 0.5 seconds. By the rated discharge current thus a max. admissible 50 Hz current load is defined, which can be carried by the EXFS 100 (KU) for a certain time. The specified value for the EXFS 100 (KU) is: s Within the test scope it had to be proved that the EXFS 100 (KU) will not be damaged electrically / mechanically, the limit temperature for the temperature class T6 (85 C at 40 C ambient temperature) on the enclosure surface will not be exceeded and after the test the rated values according to EN are kept again DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5329e_a

68 EXFS Hz test kv EUT_01: U_total ka EUT_01: I_follow Before and after the test: a.c. withstand voltage: 250V impusle sparkover voltage: 1250V leakage resistance: 500 kω 0.0 test voltage: 600 V / 50 Hz -0.5 test current: 500 A duration: 0.5 s s 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5298e_a

69 EXFS Hz test C Test_01: Temperature Ex protection safety during the whole duration of interference! Heating by 40 K max. surface temperature < 85 C keeping of T heating 40K s 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5298e_b

70 Competitors on the EXFS 100 (KU) - OBO Bettermann - Leutron - Hakel 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016

71 Ex isolating spark gaps - Competitors Comparison DEHN EXFS OBO PAREX 480 EXFS 100 PAREX 480 Rated impulse sparkover voltage (1.2/50 µs): 1250 V 3000 V (± 50%) min: 1500 V / max: 4500 V A.c. sparkover voltage (50 Hz): 500 V 1000 V (± 50%) min: 500 V / max: 1500 V D.c. sparkover voltage: > 600 V Nominal discharge current (8/20 µs): 100 ka 100 ka Lightning impulse current (10/350 µs): 100 ka 100 ka Class of lightning current carrying capability acc. to EN : H H Rated power frequency withstand voltage (50 Hz): 250 V Max. d.c. continuous operating voltage: 350 V Rated discharge current (50 Hz): 500 A / 0.5 sec DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5322e_a

72 Ex isolating spark gaps - Competitors Comparison DEHN EXFS OBO PAREX 480 EXFS 100 PAREX 480 EC-type examination certification: BVS 06 ATEX E 099 BVS 04 ATEX E 054 Explosion protection - gases: II 2G Ex d IIC T6 II 2G EEx d IIC T6 - dusts: II 2D Ex td A21 IP67 T 80 C not certificated for dust Degree of protection: IP 67 Ambient temperature: ( ) C ( ) C 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5322e_b

73 Ex isolating spark gaps - Competitors Comparison DEHN EXFS OBO PAREX 480 Remarks to OBO / PAREX 480: No test units available; the data sheet, however, specifies R isol 100 MΩ no KU types for underground application with a connecting cable length of 180 mm, 250 mm or 350 mm only at one side 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5322e_d

74 Ex isolating spark gap - Competitors Comparison DEHN EXFS LEUTRON TC 100 A EXFS 100 TC 100 A Rated impulse sparkover voltage (1.2/50 µs): 1250 V 950 V (typ. 650 V) A.c. sparkover voltage (50 Hz): 500 V 70 V (± 20%) max: 84 V D.c. sparkover voltage: > 600 V 100 V (± 20%) Nominal discharge current (8/20 µs): 100 ka 100 ka Lightning impulse current (10/350 µs): 100 ka 75 ka Class of lightning current carrying capability according to EN : H N Rated power frequency withstand voltage (50 Hz): 250 V Max. d.c. continuous operating voltage: 350 V Rated discharge current (50 Hz): 500 A / 0.5 sec DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5323e_a

75 Ex isolating spark gaps - Competitors Comparison DEHN - LEUTRON TC 100 A EXFS 100 TC 100 A EC-type examination certification: BVS 06 ATEX E 099 ZELM 02 ATEX 0095X Explosion protection - gases: II 2G Ex d IIC T6 II 2G EEx m II T3 - dusts: II 2D Ex td A21 IP67 T 80 C Degree of protection: IP 67 IP 67 Ambient temperature: ( ) C ( ) C 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5323e_b

76 Ex isolating spark gaps - Competitors Comparison DEHN EXFS - LEUTRON TC 500 A EXFS 100 TC 500 A Rated impulse sparkover voltage (1.2/50 µs): 1250 V 1300 V (typ. 950 V) A.c. sparkover voltage (50 Hz): 500 V 350 V (± 15%) D.c. sparkover voltage: < 600 V 500 V (± 15%) Nominal discharge current (8/20 µs): 100 ka 100 ka Lightning impulse current (10/350 µs): 100 ka 75 ka Class of lightning current carrying capability according to EN : H N Rated power frequency withstand voltage (50 Hz): 250 V Max. d.c. continuous operating voltage: 350 V Rated discharge current (50 Hz): 500 A / 0.5 sec DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5323e_c

77 Ex isolating spark gaps - Competitors Comparison DEHN EXFS - LEUTRON TC 500 A EXFS 100 TC 500 A EC-type examination certification: BVS 06 ATEX E 099 ZELM 02 ATEX 0095X Explosion protection - gases: II 2G Ex d IIC T6 II 2G EEx m II T3 - dusts: II 2D Ex td A21 IP67 T 80 C Degree of protection: IP 67 IP 67 Ambient temperature: ( ) C ( ) C 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5323e_d

78 Ex isolating spark gaps - Competitors LEUTRON TC 100 A and TC 500 A Remarks to LEUTRON TC100 A And TC 500 A: There are special requirements (X behind certification number); such as EXFS C1 ( ) equalising currents enclosure 50 V dc constantly must not be exceeded isolating spark gap to be installed free from mechanical tensions the isolating spark gap has to be installed so that it is protected against direct weather influences Fail Safe - performance no test units available; specification in the data sheet R isol 10 9 Ω KU-type available for underground application connecting cable set K1/300 with 30 cm cable length available 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5323e_e

79 Ex isolating spark gaps - Competitors Comparison DEHN EXFS - HAKEL HGS 100Ex EXFS 100 HS 100 Ex Rated impulse sparkover voltage (1.2/50 µs): 1250 V < 1500 V A.c sparkover voltage (50 Hz): 500 V > 500 V D.c sparkover voltage: > 600 V V Nominal discharge current (8/20 µs): 100 ka 75 ka Lightning impulse current (10/350 µs): 100 ka 100 ka Class of lightning current carrying capability according to EN : H Rated power frequence withstand voltage (50 Hz): 250 V Max. d.c. continuous operating voltage: 350 V Rated discharge current (50 Hz): 500 A / 0.5 sec DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5324e_a

80 Ex isolating spark gaps - Competitors Comparison DEHN EXFS - HAKEL HGS 100Ex EXFS 100 HS 100 Ex EC-type examination certification: BVS 06 ATEX E 099 FTZÚ 04 ATEX 0255X Explosion protection - gases: II 2G Ex d IIC T6 II 2GD EEx m II T3 - dusts: II 2D Ex td A21 IP67 T 80 C Degree of protection: IP 67 IP 66 no permission for dusts Ambient temperature: ( ) C ( ) C 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO EXFS / 5324e_b

81 Thank you for your attention For further information about lightning protection please visit us on our STAND No. U DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO DEHN UK, / 5392