GNSS-Reflectometry for Observation and Monitoring of Earth surface

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Mervin Haynes
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1 GNSS-Reflectometry for Observation and Monitoring of Earth surface Global Navigation meets Geoinformation ESA ESOC Darmstadt, Dr. Ing. Domenico Schiavulli INR engineer support at EUMETSAT

2 Outline Introduction GNSS-R concept A powerful tool for Remote Sensing Summary and Conclusions

3 Introduction Outline

4 Introduction GNSS are worldwide satellite constellations continuously transmitting L band signals, i.e. all weather night-and-day signals. GPS 24 satellites Galileo 30 satellites Beidou 35 satellites Glonass 24 satellites

5 Introduction GNSS are designed to provide Positioning, Velocity and Timing (PVT) to an user with a receiver.

Navigation services are provided by analyzing the direct signal, while

6 Introduction GNSS are designed to provide Positioning, Velocity and Timing (PVT) to an user with a receiver. Navigation services are provided by analyzing the direct signal, while signals reflected off surfaces or obstacles, i.e. multipath, are filtered out Direct signal Multipath

7 GNSS-R concept Outline

8 GNSS-R concept GNSS-Reflectometry exploits GNSS signals reflected off Earth s surface to infer geophysical information of the scattering area

9 GNSS-R concept GNSS-Reflectometry exploits GNSS signals reflected off Earth s surface to infer geophysical information of the scattering area BISTATIC/MULTISTATIC RADAR SYSTEM

10 GNSS-R concept GNSS-R geometry is defined as: SP - Specular Point (SP): the shortest path TX-scattering scene-rx; - Iso-Delay ellipses: points whose scattered signals experience the same delay; - Iso-Doppler hyperbolae: points whose scattered signals experience the same frequency shift.

11 GNSS-R concept The GNSS-R measurement are mapped in the Delay-Doppler Map (DDM) or 1-D Delay waveform

12 Doppler GNSS-R concept The GNSS-R measurement are mapped in the Delay-Doppler Map (DDM) or 1-D Delay waveform Delay SP

13 Doppler GNSS-R concept The GNSS-R measurement are mapped in the Delay-Doppler Map (DDM) or 1-D Delay waveform Delay SP SP Delay

14 GNSS-R concept SAR, ALTIMETER, SCATTEROMETER Service and Product

15 GNSS-R concept GNSS-R main advantages with respect dedicated sensors: - Excellent spatial and temporal coverage; - GNSS long term mission; - Cost effectiveness

16 GNSS-R concept The importance of this promising and innovative technique is confirmed by dedicated space missions: US NASA CYGNSS constellation UK TechDemoSat-1 ESA GEROS-ISS

17 Outline A powerful tool for Imaging Remote Sensing

18 Doppler A powerful tool for Imaging Remote Sensing GNSS-R measurements: Delay Delay

19 Doppler A powerful tool for Imaging Remote Sensing GNSS-R measurements: Delay Delay SPATIAL INFORMATION ON THE OBSERVED SCENE IS LOST

20 Doppler A powerful tool for Imaging Remote Sensing GNSS-R measurements: Delay SPATIAL INFORMATION ON THE OBSERVED SCENE IS LOST Delay TEHCNIQUES ARE NEEDED TO TRANSFORM: (Δτ,Δf) (x,y)

21 Outline A powerful tool for Imaging Remote Sensing Oil spill in simulated environment

22 A powerful tool for Imaging Remote Sensing Cosmo SkyMed SAR image Simulated marine scenario including oill spill

23 A powerful tool for Imaging Remote Sensing Simulated scenario Noisy DDM

24 A powerful tool for Imaging Remote Sensing Processing time = 10s Inverse Problem TSVD applied Simulated scenario Noisy DDM Reconstructed scenario

25 Outline A powerful tool for Imaging Remote Sensing Sea/Ice transition detection using TechDemoSat-1 data

A powerful tool for Imaging Remote Sensing Track ID: TD000148 Start acquisition time:

26 A powerful tool for Imaging Remote Sensing Track ID: TD Start acquisition time: :20:53 Signal type: GPS L1 End acquisition time: :00:50 PRN: 31

27 A powerful tool for Imaging Remote Sensing SP Acquisition time: :40:53 SP position: 44.7 S, 10.8 W Land type: waterbodies

28 A powerful tool for Imaging Remote Sensing Open ocean DDM Ice DDM

29 A powerful tool for Imaging Remote Sensing Measured DDM Sea ice concentration -Green line is the satellite ground track - Red square is the observed area

30 A powerful tool for Imaging Remote Sensing SSM-I sea ice concentration Reconstructed radar image

31 A powerful tool for Imaging Remote Sensing

32 A powerful tool for Imaging Remote Sensing Sentinel-1 HH SAR image Reconstructed radar image

33 A powerful tool for Imaging Remote Sensing

34 Outline Summary and Conclusions

35 Summary and Conclusions The FORCE of proposed approach: - Added value products to improve/complement dedicated sensors provided they are -A new typo of service and product can be offered to the community - Applications such as target detection, sea/ice transition, etc.. can strongly benefit from these innovative products

transition, etc.. can strongly benefit from these innovative products The DARK SIDE of the FORCE: The resolution is still coarse.

36 Summary and Conclusions The FORCE of proposed approach: - Added value products to improve/complement dedicated sensors provided they are -A new typo of service and product can be offered to the community - Applications such as target detection, sea/ice transition, etc.. can strongly benefit from these innovative products The DARK SIDE of the FORCE: The resolution is still coarse. The receiver time coverage is still coarse Both problems can be overcome by using the future constellations of receiver, e.g. CYGNSS or CubeSAT.

37 THANK YOU

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