POWER AND ENERGY APPLICATIONS

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1 ENHANCED PHASE-LOCKED LOOP STRUCTURES FOR POWER AND ENERGY APPLICATIONS Masoud Karimi-Ghartemani Mississippi State University IEEE Press Series on Microelectronic Systems IEEE PRESS Wiley

2 PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ACRONYMS SYMBOLS INTRODUCTION xiii xv xvii xix xxi I PLL STRUCTURES FOR SINGLE-PHASE APPLICATIONS 1 1 PLL Basics and Standard Structure Standard PLL Structure Approximate Linear Model Loop Filter Design Remarks Numerical Results Summary and Conclusion 11 Problems 12 2 Enhanced Phase-Locked Loop Structure of EPLL Removal of Double-Frequency Error Linear Analysis Derivation of EPLL Using Gradient Method Pseudolinear EPLL Derivation of PL-EPLL from Newton Approach Linear Time Invariant EPLL 26 ix

3 X 2.8 LTI-EPLL as a Resonant Controller Extension of LTI-EPLL as a General Transfer Function Resonant Controller with Phase Compensation VCO-Less Representation of EPLL VCO-Less EPLL versus ANF and SOGI-FLL EPLL and Droop Control Method Adjustment of EPLL Parameters Numerical Results Summary and Conclusion 44 Problems 45 3 EPLL Extensions and Modifications Pre filtering and Postfiltering In-Loop Filters and Concept of Windowing Design of W-EPLL Estimation and Rejection of DC Component Estimation and Rejection of Harmonics Mitigation of Multiple Harmonics Using Single Band-Stop Filter Estimation and Rejection of Interharmonics EPLL with Generalized Filtering Soft Start and Problem of Phase Jumps Summary and Conclusion 76 Problems 77 4 Digital Implementation of EPLL First-Order Digitization LTI-EPLL Resonant Controller Robustness in Low Sampling Frequency Applications Robustness in Fixed-Point, High Sampling Frequency Applications Summary and Conclusion 94 Problems 95 5 Integrated Synchronization and Control Brief Review of Synronization/Control Methods ISC Method Stability Analysis of ISC Method 103

4 xi 5.4 Design Algorithm for ISC Method Comments on Reference Values Power Quality Issues Soft Start Process LCL Output Filter Sensitivity Analysis Numerical Results Summary and Conclusion 129 Problems 130 II PLL STRUCTURES FOR THREE-PHASE APPLICATIONS Synchronous Reference Frame PLL Structure of SRF-PLL Linear Model and Design Alternative Representation of SRF-PLL SRF-PLL Operation in Stationary Frame Single-Phase SRF-PLL Correspondence between SRF-PLL and Single-Phase EPLL Impact of Unbalance, DC, and Harmonics on SRF-PLL Numerical Results Summary and Conclusion 143 Problems Three-Phase EPLL-I Structure of Three-Phase EPLL-I Relationship between 3EPLL-I and SRF-PLL EPLL-I in Stationary Frame Mathematical Derivation of 3EPLL-I LTI-3EPLL-I VCO-Less Representation of 3EPLL-I Design Guidelines for 3EPLL-I Numerical Results Summary and Conclusion 159 Problems 159

5 Xii 8 Three-Phase EPLL-II Structure of Three-Phase EPLL-II Derivation of Three-Phase EPLL-II Modular Representation of 3EPLL-II EPLL-II in Stationary Frame LTI-3EPLL-II Numerical Results Summary and Conclusion 168 Problems Structural Extensions to 3EPLL-I and 3EPLL-II Estimation of Zero-Sequence Estimation and Rejection of DC Component Estimation and Rejection of Harmonics Design of Extended Structures Numerical Results Summary and Conclusion 179 Problems Three-Phase EPLL-III Structure of Three-Phase EPLL-III Estimation of Sequence Components Mathematical Derivation of 3EPLL-III LTI-3EPLL-III Design Guidelines for 3EPLL-III Structural Extensions of 3EPLL-III Numerical Results Summary and Conclusion 189 Problems 189 REFERENCES 191 INDEX 199

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