RECYCLING OF USED WATER SACHET POLYETHYLENE TO PRODUCE CANDLE

Transcription

1 RECYCLING OF USED WATER SACHET POLYETHYLENE TO PRODUCE CANDLE BY "','i'" OGUNTOSIN OLUGBENGA OLUYINKA. ( EH) DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, SCHOOL OF. ENGINEERING AND ENGlNEERING TECHNOLOGY, MINNA, NIGER S]AJE~ 'NIGERIA. NOVEMBER, 2007.

2 II,.~ ~ ~ RECYCLING OF USED WATERSACHET POLYETHYLENE TO PRODUCE CANDLE,.. " BY, ~ i." J, 'f",,.,. OGUNTOSIN OLUGBENGA OLuYINKA,. ( EH) A FINAL YEAR PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING IN PARTIAL FVLFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR AN AWARD OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (B.ENG) DEGREE IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF THE FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECNOLOGY MINNA, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA.. ;. " I' NOVEMBitR,

3 f' I' DECLARATION I, OGUNTOSIN OLUGBENGA OLUYINKA, declare that this research work is solely the result of my work and has never been submitted anywhere for any degree. All the literature cited have been duly acknowledged in the reference ~.W)... ;;L, fll)!l 60 1 'e OGUNTOSIN OLUGBENGA DATE 1lI

4 i, ',, CERTIFICATION This work titled RECYCLING OF USED WATER POLYETHYLENE TO PRODUCE CANDLE by OGUNTOSIN OLUGBENGA meets the regulations; governing the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering (Chemical Engineering) of the Federal University of Technology, Minna and is approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation. "'-.' "'~ DRM.O.EDOGA PROJECT SUPERSIVISOR 2g -If-a:;... DATE HEAD OF DEPARTMENT CHEMICAL ENGINEERING... EXTERNAL EXAMINER..... DATE., ', IV

5 DEDICATION This work is dedicated to Lizzy Oguntosin, Olufemi Oguntosin, Olufunke Oguntosin and Olusegun Oguntosin v

6 ACI(NOWLEDGEMENT When I did not have the formulation; and my first attempt at production did not work out properly; at the peak moment when things are tough, hopeless and frustrating; He shared my pains, comfort me, provide for me, favour me and participate in the production. I reverence the Almighty God, my Father and closest Friend for all these that He had done forme. I appreciate my supervisor, Dr M.O Edogd, for his reliable and experienced advice in the course of carrying out this work. I acknowledge the help of Dr E. Mudiare, H.O.D of Mechanical Engineering whom my supervisor referred me to in the course of this work. I commend the assistance of Mr Tommy (Ilorin), Mr Yakubu (Imrat Plastic, Minna) and Engr Abubakar (Usman Kontangora Platsic, Minna) and Isaac Atoyebi I thank my family members who contributed one way or the other, starting from my mother Mrs Elizabeth Oguntosin, Olufemi Oguntosin, Olufunke Oguntosin, olusegun Oguntosin, Boluwatife, Mr Kunle Babagbemi, Mrs Matthew, Mr Julius Oguntosin, Mr and Mrs Adeyemi. To Elder Olayemi, Engr Kings, Mr Niyi Idowu, Elder Fabson and wife, Mr Leke Alabi, Tope Bamidele, Mr Daeke, Mr Bayo Adeoti, Sunday Babalola, Mr Yaki, Mr. OJ isola, Sis Kehinde and Toyin Ad~bola, and Mrs Fadayin and family, you are very lovely!. Though you are from different ethic group but God and ESM brought us together, Garba Ishaya, Ibrahim Yahaya, Abba Yakubu, Julius Makama, Idris Tanko, Shehu, Malik, Doris Tumaka, Sir Philemon, Fughar, Ayelo, Awulo Apollos. You are priceless jewel! To my roommate, Mr Omojola, Mr Jimoh, J'y1r Sam, Mr Ocheje, Mal Bash, Mr Yususf, Mr. Matthew, Mr Mike. My departmental Guru - Damo'la, Sunday Afolayan, Kendoo, VI

7 Tsado Sam, Tope Titus, O.P.C, Joseph Barde, Yahaya, Abdulazeez" Sis Ekah. and Edmond Ilg, a foreign friend. You are treasures. To you, that was chosen from the foundation of the earth, you are a cloud with rain, an autumn trees that brings out fruits and a sparkling star that change darkness into brightness. VB

8 ABSTRACT. This present work, "The Recycling of used water sachet polyethylene to produce candle" was carried out using mostly local materials and those that are sometimes termed as unwanted or disposal waste. Used water sachet polyethylene was thermally degraded to produce a green liquid wax at about 350 0c. Pouring method was employed in the production of the candle. Different formulations of candle were produced by varying the amount of stearic acid present. 6.5,4.7,3.3, 2.lg of wax was consumed and the reduction in their height was found to' be 6.1,3.8,2, 1.2 cm for sample 1,2,3 and 4 respectively, when the samples was burnt for 15 minutes. As the amount of stearic acid in the various candle increases, their burning time, hardness, brightness and excellent melting increases. Vlll

9 TABLE OF, CONTENTS COVER PAGE Page TITLE PAGE 11 DECLARATION CERTIFICATION DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURE ~,~ 'I. ' IV V VI VUI IX CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Polyethylene Water Sachet Recovery and Recycling 1.2 Aims and Objective 1.3 Approach 1.4,Justification I,,', CHAPTER TWO 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Development of Polyethylene 2.2 Description of Polyethylene 8 9 IX

10 , 2.3 Classification of Polyethylene History of Candles Raw Materials Polyethylene Waxes Stearin Wick Dyes CHAPTER THREE MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY 3.1 Pre - treatment 3.2 Manufacturing process Preparation of the polyethylene wax Melting of stearic acids Preparation of mould and wick Production of candle Testing the effect of stearic acid on polyethylene CHAPTER FOUR 4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.1 R~sult 4.2 Discussion of result CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 5.1 Conclusion 33 x

11 5.2 Recommendation REFERENCE List of Tables List of figure xii xiii Xl