BUILDING TRADES II CEILING AND ROOF FRAMING

Transcription

1 BUILDING TRADES II CEILING AND ROOF FRAMING TEACHER S GUIDE

2 INTRODUCTION This Teacher s Guide provides information to help you get the most out of Ceiling and Roof Framing. The contents in this guide will allow you to prepare your students before using the program and present follow-up activities to reinforce the program s key learning points. This program reviews techniques and terms for framing ceilings and roofs. The video includes techniques, tools, and materials used in framing ceilings and roofs and describes the process for completing these tasks. LEARNING OBJECTIVES After viewing the program, students will be able to: Identify the different techniques for framing a roof or ceiling. Describe the process for framing the ceiling of a home. Describe the process for framing the roof of a home. Define basic terms used when framing ceilings and roofs. EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS National Standards This program correlates with the National Competency Standards and Objectives from the National Standards for Construction Education and Research. The content has been aligned with the following educational standards and benchmarks from this organization. Understand the terms associated with roof framing. Identify the various types of trusses used in roof framing. Frame a roof opening. Identify the components of a wall and ceiling layout. Describe the correct procedure for laying out a ceiling. The competencies and objectives from the NCCER have been reprinted with permission. English Language Arts Standards The activities in this Teacher s Guide were created in compliance with the following National Standards for the English Language Arts from the National Council of Teachers of English. 2 Use spoken, written, and visual language to accomplish their own purposes (e.g., for learning, enjoyment, persuasion, and the exchange of information). Adjust their use of spoken, written, and visual language (e.g., conventions, style, vocabulary) to communicate effectively with a variety of audiences and for different purposes. Employ a wide range of strategies as they write and use different writing process elements appropriately to communicate with different audiences for a variety of purposes. Use a variety of technological and information resources (e.g., libraries, databases, computer networks, video) to gather and synthesize information and to create and communicate knowledge. Copyright 2004 Meridian Education Corporation

3 Conduct research on issues and interests by generating ideas and questions, and by posing problems. They gather, evaluate, and synthesize data from a variety of sources (e.g., print and nonprint texts, artifacts, people) to communicate their discoveries. Standards for the English Language Arts, by the International Reading Association and the National Council of Teachers of English, Copyright 1996 by the International Reading Association and the National Council of Teachers of English. Reprinted with permission. Technology Standards The activities in this Teacher s Guide were created in compliance with the following National Education Technology Standards from the National Education Technology Standards Project. Develop positive attitudes toward technology uses that support lifelong learning, collaboration, personal pursuits, and productivity. Use a variety of media and formats to communicate information and ideas effectively to multiple audiences. Employ technology in the development of strategies for solving problems in the real world. Use technology resources for solving problems and making informed decisions. Use technology tools to enhance learning, increase productivity, and promote creativity. Use technology tools to process data and report results. Use technology to locate, evaluate, and collect information from a variety of sources. The National Education Technology Standards reprinted with permission from the International Society for Technology Education. PROGRAM OVERVIEW Spans, hip and valley rafters, purlins, ceiling joists, and planking all these and more are covered in this program which takes students step-by-step through the process of literally putting a roof over your head. MAIN TOPICS Topic 1: Introduction Section introduces the learning topics for the program by briefly discussing ceiling and roof framing. Topic 2: Laying Ceiling Joists Topic reviews the steps involved in framing a ceiling for a residential building. Video covers how to measure and mark joists, lining up joists with studs, installing the scab, and more. Topic 3: Framing a Roof on Site Section introduces the process for framing a roof in the traditional method: on-site framing. This section discusses the materials used and the process followed when framing a roof on site. 3

4 Topic 4: Framing a Roof Using Trusses Topic reviews the process for framing a roof using engineered trusses, the equipment and resources required, and the process to complete the task. Also covers how to install joist rafters, bracing the trusses, attaching facia and subfacia, and more. Topic 5: Conclusion Section reviews the key learning points of the video. FAST FACTS Dimensional lumber joists are often half the building width, although engineered lumber joists can be long enough to run the width of the building. If you know for certain that the studs on your frame are accurately squared, you can line the joists up with the studs and use them to lay out your joists. In a two-story home, the ceiling framing for the first floor is the also the floor system for the second story. Metal joist hangers or ledger strips can be used as an alternative to on-line and overlapping. Ridge boards, like wall plates, are generally put into position a piece at a time. Rafters should be installed in pairs. The pressure of the paired rafters helps keep the ridge on a straight line. If you construct your roof with trusses, much of the construction will have been completed before the roof system even arrives at your site. Before you install trusses, check the walls to ensure they are plumb, level, and square. Trusses are usually placed 24 inches on center. Many builders hire a crane to place the trusses. The general pattern for installing the trusses is to place each end truss first and work from the second end back toward the first end. VOCABULARY TERMS bird s mouth notch: Notch made from a seat cut and a plumb cut. The top plate should fit snuggly into it. lower chords: Act as joists in engineered roof trusses. plate: The horizontal 2x4s or 2x6s in the framing to which the vertical framing pieces, or studs, are attached. plumb cut: Cut made at the end of the rafter that will fit against the ridge board, or the board at top of the roof to which the rafter attaches. ribands: 2x4s that are installed perpendicular to the joists at the midway point. roof truss: An engineered unit that typically arrives at your site ready to install as a single joist/rafter element. scabs: Short boards, at least 24 inches long, that tie together the joists. seat cut: Cut made on a perpendicular to a plumb cut, along the line where the rafter will meet the top plate. soffit: Underside of a building, such as the underneath part of an overhang. top chords: Act as rafters in engineered roof trusses. 4

5 PRE-PROGRAM DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. What are the different types of framing methods that can be used in framing roofs? 2. What is the process for framing a ceiling? 3. How do you frame a roof when using traditional methods of on-site construction? 4. What types of products are used in framing ceilings and roofs? 5. What are engineered trusses? POST-PROGRAM DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. What elements of a home s design should you consider when framing the roof? 2. If the facia bows out, what might that mean? How should you correct this problem? 3. Why is it important to properly brace engineered trusses during framing? 4. What is a bird s mouth notch? How is it made? 5. What are the benefits of using engineered trusses during construction? GROUP ACTIVITIES Framing Materials Report Groups will research the different types of materials available for framing ceilings and roofs and write a brief report on the benefits and drawbacks to using each material. Reports should consider factors such as the environment, cost, availability, ease of use, durability, and strength in their reports. Framing Tools Assign small groups to identify the key tools needed in framing ceilings and roofs and then create a diagram that shows a building in the framing stages and identifies which tools should be used for each item on the diagram. Label the Roof Ask groups to draw a diagram of different sections of a roof and label the parts of the diagram (i.e., rafters, ridge board, ceiling joist, etc.). INDIVIDUAL STUDENT PROJECTS Inspections Ask students to visit several construction sites (with permission from the builder) to determine how well the principles discussed in this video are followed on various job sites. For example, if engineered trusses are being used, how is that impacting the project? Students should write a brief summary of their findings. Engineered Lumber Students research the use of engineered lumber and write a report on the changes this product has made to the process of framing. Reports should also address the benefits of using engineered lumber during framing. Lumber Yard Trip Ask students to visit a lumber yard and price out the different types of roofing products (i.e., wood vs. engineered trusses) to determine the cost differences between each type of product. 5

6 INTERNET ACTIVITIES Truss Configurations Ask students to use the internet to identify 3 to 5 different truss configurations (W truss, M truss, Gable truss, etc.) and then draw a brief diagram of each and describe it in detail. Roof Framing Students will use the Internet to identify 2 to 3 different types of roofs (e.g., hipped, gable, flat, shed) and then write a brief summary of the methods and challenges of framing each type they selected. Safety Precautions when Framing Roofs Students will research the safety precautions they should take when framing a building s roof. List should include equipment and tips framers can use to make their workplace safer. ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS Q: What are ribands? A: Ribands are 2x4s that are installed perpendicular to the joists at the midway point. Feedback: You should stiffen the ceiling joists in place with ribands attached to gable end studs. Q: What is a scab? A: Short boards, at least 24 inches long. Feedback: Scabs are used to tie joists together. Scabs are placed at the center of the joint and nailed to the side of both joists. Q: The process for framing a ceiling in a two-story home is similar to framing the. A: first floor deck Feedback: In a two-story home, the ceiling framing for the first floor is the also the floor system for the second story. Q: Dimensional lumber joists are typically: (a) 1/4 the building width. (b) 1/2 the building width. (c) 1/4 the building length. (d) 1/2 the building length. A: (b) Feedback: Dimensional lumber joists are often half the building width, although engineered lumber joists can be long enough to run the width of the building. 6 Q: A plumb cut is: (a) made at the end of the rafter. (b) made along the line where the rafter will meet the top plate. (c) perpendicular cut made at the end of a rafter. (d) notch cut in top plate. A: (a)

7 Feedback: The rafter will need three initial basic cuts to fit into the roof system. The first is a plumb cut, made at the end of the rafter that will fit against the ridge board, or the board at top of the roof to which the rafter attaches. Q: If you construct your roof with, much of the construction will have been completed before the roof system even arrives at your site. A: trusses Feedback: A roof truss is an engineered unit that typically arrives at your site ready to install as a single joist/rafter element. Q: Trusses are made up of chords and chords reinforced by web members. A: top, lower Feedback: The lower chords act as joists and the upper chords act as rafters. Q: Before you install trusses, you should. A: check the walls again for plumb, level, and square. Feedback: Trusses have to be erected according to the instructions, or the results could mean a compromised structure that could collapse and cause serious injury. Q: How do you raise a truss in place by hand? A: Position the truss so that it is upside down and lift one end of the truss up and place the corner on one wall plate. Then lift the other end and rest it on the other wall plate. Now the truss is hanging upside down on the wall plate. Swing it upright and slide it into position. Feedback: As you put each truss in place, nail it to the plate and brace it to the rest of the bracing system. Q: braces are temporary and will be removed when the truss work is finished. A: Diagonal Feedback: You should also brace the bottom chord with lateral strips of 2x4. At each end of the building, add diagonal bracing across the lateral bracing for extra support. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES WEB SITES How Your House Works ToolBase Services Framing Methods Free Construction Online Courses & Tutorials 7

8 BOOKS Framing Roofs (For Pros by Pros Series) by Fine Homebuilding Magazine. Taunton Press, ISBN: Roof Framer s Bible: The Complete Pocket Reference to Roof Framing by Barry D. Mussell. Craftsman Book Co., ISBN: Builder s Essentials: Framing & Rough Carpentry by Scot Simpson & R. S. Means Company. Robert S. Means Co., ISBN: OTHER PRODUCTS Careers in Construction Trades, CD-ROM, Shopware This interactive CD-ROM guides users through several occupations in the construction industry, including cement masons, bricklayers, plumbers, pipe fitters, carpenters, and electricians. Video interview segments include information on the background of each job, what is expected of the employee, qualifications, subjects in which to enroll, what the job is like, expected wages, and outlook for each job. Interactions and quiz segments appear throughout the program to help reinforce concepts and information. (Windows) Item no: 20434, Residential Roof Framing, VHS/DVD, Meridian Education Residential Roof Framing is a nine-minute video which is part of the series Residential Carpentry Framing. Item no: 26200,

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