First Class Lever. Gabriel Bielinski, Kacper Lisowicz, Sandra Amador, Katya Guaman

Transcription

1 First Class Lever Gabriel Bielinski, Kacper Lisowicz, Sandra Amador, Katya Guaman

2 A first class lever is a lever in which the fulcrum is in the middle of the input and output force. *For the definition of a fulcrum, refer to next slide. Output Force Input Force

3 Parts and their uses The main function of the First Class Lever, if not all Levers and almost all simple machines, is a fulcrum. In the case of a seesaw, the fulcrum rests in the middle and helps support it. There is the lever, which intakes the load and effort (located on either end of the lever). The lever is what rests on top of the fulcrum and is the primary part of most simple machines.

4 How do we use it in our daily life? In our daily life we use it by, using the first class levers as a school supply, constructing tools, etc. and that s how and why we use them, they simplify our lives because we use the first class levers instead of our bare hands.

5 Interesting Facts About First Class levers 1) When the force and load of the lever are equal, then the lever will balance horizontally. 2) The first class lever can be used to compare weights between two objects. 3) First class levers are the simplest levers to conceptualize. 4) The fulcrum lays between the force and the load of the lever. Fulcrum

6 Real Life Examples Some real life examples are : -Scissors = Effort at the handles, Fulcrum in the middle of the scissor and load at the blades -Scale = Fulcrum in the middle, effort at one end and load at the other -Pliers = Effort at the handles, fulcrum in the center and load at the plier end -Hammer = Effort at the handle, load at the claw and fulcrum on the face -Seesaw = Fulcrum in the middle, effort at one end and load at the other ( like a scale)

7 References lever_examples/511/ MS /Ce

8 2nd Class Lever Sara Delvalle, Meryl Mizhquiri,Lesly Gonzalez

9 How to use a second class lever If you want to move a massive load with a small applied force, you must apply the load very close to the fulcrum. Second-class levers have the load between the effort and the fulcrum. A wheelbarrow is a second-class lever. To boost the speed, the duration of the load arm of the lever must be greater than the length of the effort arm. A second class lever causes the load to move in the same direction as the force you apply.

10 What is a Second class Lever? In a second class lever, the fulcrum is at either side on the edge,the load is in the middle on the top, and the effort is on the opposite side of the fulcrum on the top in the corner. As for a wheelbarrow, the wheel is the fulcrum, the dirt s the load, and the effort is the handles because your using effort to push the wheelbarrow.

11 Interesting Facts If a pitcher throws the ball and you swing your bat to hit the ball? A baseball bat is a simple machine called a lever. The point about which the lever pivots is called fulcrum. Levers are divided into three classes according to the position of the fulcrum with respect to the input force and output force. Did you know that levers are dated back to 260 BC? Also, Oars, when the boat is the resistance moving the same direction as the force and using water as the fulcrum.

12 Real Life Examples 1. Hole puncher 2. Nutcracker 3. Bottle opener 4. WheelBarro w 5. Car door 6. Baseball bat Second class levers are things with Effort,Force, Fulcrum.For Example when you used a Hole Puncher you use effort,force,and also Fulcrum.That Also Includes,Nutcracker,Bottle Opener,WheelBarrows,Baseball bat,and Car Door.

13 References 2nd Class Lever by courtney davis on Prezi Second-class lever - Oxford Reference Second Class Lever - uses of levers ScienceBook_NY 2nd Class Levers by seth hulsebosch on Prezi Simple Machine: 2nd Class Levers - Lessons - Tes Teach Lever - Welcome to Facts 4 Me display of information

14 3rd Class Lever Created By : Mariah Lascano, Holly Jaikaran, Aiden Lagumdzija

15 Introduction Do you want to know about the 3rd Class Lever? Well, you come to the right place! Throughout this slide you will learn about the 3rd Class Lever. Some things you can learn from our presentation is : How can a 3rd class lever make work easier, interesting facts about a 3rd class lever, physical models, and everyday life examples of a class 3 lever. Hope you enjoy!!!

16 What is a 3rd Class Lever In a 3rd class lever, the force is in between the production and the fulcrum. Here s something to imagine! When you hold a broom the fulcrum is the top of the broom, then the effort is when it s putting more force into sweeping. So there s a fulcrum and there s effort when your talking about a 3rd Class Lever. Resource-

17 How Do We Use a 3rd Class Lever How Does it make Work Easier In the 3rd class lever the force is in between the load and the fulcrum/axle, an example would be a shovel, you can say a shovel because the fulcrum is between the effort and load. If the force is closer to the load it would be easier to lift. Also, with a third class lever, the force is applied between the fulcrum and the resistance force. An example of a third class lever include tweezers, staplers and shovels. Resource - phpapp02/95/work-and-simplemachines jpg?cb=

18 Interesting facts 1. A 3rd class lever is supported by a fulcrum which is used to support/lift weights. 2. A third class lever is where the effort is between the resistance and the fulcrum. 3. The force is between the fulcrum and the load Resources- ttps://wiki.kidzsearch.com/wiki/lev

19 Physical Model of a 3rd Class Lever In this photo you can see that the fist is the input which can lift up a object.the muscle is the output or amount of something from a machine, also known as out third class lever. Resourcewww.softschools.com/examples/simple_machines/cla ss_three_lever_examples/513/

20 EVERYDAY LIFE EXAMPLES As you can see, the fishing rod is in the category, 3rd class lever because the load is a fish bait.the force of the fishing rod is the fish biting on the worm that's on the hook, that s one example. The broom also fits in the category, 3rd Class Lever because you hold and move the handle of the broom which is on the top, and using force push the handle in the middle so that the bottom of the broom to sweep.

21 Resource - tps://image.slidesharecdn.com/simplemachinesleverwheelandaxlepulley phpapp01/95/simple-machinesleverwheelandaxlepulley jpg?cb= Vocabulary Fulcrum - is located at one end of the lever Effort - force is located between the fulcrum and the resistance Resistance force and effort force are in opposing directions.

22 Hope you enjoyed Thank you For taking your time I hope you learned something new about our presentation on the Third Class Lever!

23 Slide 1 - Aidan, Holly, Mariah - Slide 7 - Holly & Aidan Slide 2 - Aidan Slide 3 - Aidan Slide 4 - Holly & Mariah Slide 5 - Holly Side 6 - Aidan - Slide 8 - Mariah - Slide 9 - Aidan & Holly - Slide 10 - Holly - Editing - Mariah & Holly

24 Wheel and Axle By:Matthew Espinal, Daniel Bobe, Ryan Halls

25 Here are some examples of objects that have wheels and axles

26 How to use it A wheel and axle is used by a large or small gear attached to the same shaft which can help make it move foward.it is a basic machine component to amplify force like in a car or wagon.

27 Model of wheel and axle Axle:A rod or spindle passing through the center of a wheel. Wheel:A circular object that revolves on axle. Input force :The force applied or done to the machine. Output Force:Mechanical advantage is the ratio divided by input force.

28 Interesting Facts Wheels generally spin in a balanced circle around an axle. A bicycle is an example of this. A wheel and axle is a type of lever. A wheel and axle concept allows for innovations that we use every day. Pizza cutters, pencil sharpeners, and even electric fans all use wheels and axles.

29 Physical model of wheel and axle Wheel and axle model parts -coffee top to substitute a wheel part -pencil to substitute an axle

30 REFERENCES Study.com Encyclopedia.com Easyscienceforkids.com Scienceforkidsclub.com Google definition.com

31 Credits Slide 1 : Matthew, Daniel B, Ryan Slide 2 : Daniel B Slide 3 : Ryan Slide 4 : Matthew Slide 5 : Ryan, Daniel B, Matthew Slide 6 : Daniel B Slide 7 : Matthew, Daniel B, Ryan

32 The Screw A Simple Machine Julian Riso, Bryan Pinos

33 What is a Screw? The screw is a simple machine of the inclined-plane type consisting of a spirally threaded cylindrical rod that engages with a similarly threaded hole to tighten things like bottles and containers. It was invented circa 428 BC-350 BC.

34 How Do You Use A Screw? Screws help us hold things together, A screw is a long post that s wrapped with metal threads,if you follow the threads on a screw they will form a long ramp from the top of the screw so you could twist It to the bottom.

35 Real Life Example A examples of a screw are Bottle caps, when your closing or opening a bottle, it twist down the screw to close it tightly. Another example is a spiral slide, It twists down to the top to bottom.

36 Interesting facts The first screw factory was a financial failure Screws were originally used as fixing two relatively thin pieces of metal Some of the earliest screws to be used as fasteners were used in military weapons

37 Components of a Screw 1. Pitch-The Pitch is the distance between two Identical threads 2. Load-The weight, amount of pressure 3. Effort-Movement to move the load

38 References Interesting Facts

39 Wedge By: Jasmin Cruz, Kayla Baratau and Joel Beltran

40 What is it?when was it created? What is a wedge? A wedge is a piece of wood and metal or some other material having one thick end and tapering to a thin edge that is driven between two objects or parts of an object to secure or separate them. When was it created? A wedge is one of the six simple machines and may have been the first or second developed along with a lever. When early humans made scrapers, axes, and knives from stone they were making a wedge. The earliest known wedges made by people were made 2.6 million years ago.

41 How do you use it? A wedge is a triangular shaped tool and is a portable inclined plane, and one of the six classical simple machines. It can be used to separate two objects or portions of an object or hold an object in place and the ideal mechanical advantage of a wedge depends on the angle of the thin end. The smaller the angle, the less force required to move the wedge a given distance and the force effort applied at one point is transmitted across the fulcrum to another point which moves an object load.

42 How does it make work easier? A wedge makes work easier by increasing distance and decreasing.for example if you had a longer wedge and a shorter wedge,then a longer one will make work easier.the reason for this is because if a wedge makes work easier by increasing distance and decreasing force,then the longer one will have more distance which would mean less force.

43 Real life examples of a wedge? An axe is used to split wood, the axe handle exerts a force on the blade of the axe, which is the wedge. That force pushes the wedge down into the wood. The wedge in turn exerts an output force at a 90 degree angle to its slope, splitting the wood into two.

44 Interesting Facts about a wedge? -An axe is a wedge used to chop or break logs into pieces. -A knife is a wedge used to cut food or other material. -A push pin or tack is a wedge used to hold papers in place. -A nail is a wedge used to source two boards together. -A doorstop is a wedge used to hold a door open. -A shovel is a wedge used to break up soil.

45 Interesting facts about a wedge? (Continue) -People in Africa have been using wedges since the earliest stone age. Shovel Ax Push pin

46 References -What is a wedge? Was found in the dictionary. And when was it created was found in -How do you use it? Was found in -Real life examples was found in idahoptv.org.and www Slideshare.net -Interesting facts was found in easyscienceforkids.com and in

47 PULLEY SYSTEM: LEARNING ABOUT IT Amadu J. Kacper B. Roman H. Laniya F.

48 What is a pulley A pulley system? is a grooved wheel with a rope or cable wrapped around it. When you use a pulley the thing you are pulling up or down is called the load. The thing or person that s pulling it is the effort. The pulley system is used in our everyday lives like when you raise up a flag on a pole or when you hang your laundry on the cable. You move the cable because of the pulley system. Pulleys were used by 1,500 bc, people in mesopotamia used rope pulleys for hoisting

49 Compound Pulley. A compound pulley is a combination of a movable pulley and a fixed pulley using multiple wheels and ropes to increase the amount of force. It means if you add more wheels and ropes that increases the force of pulling so you have to do less pulling and it allows you to lift more with less force.

50 Parts of a Pulley In the image below there is a pulley. You can also see the parts of the pulley the input and output. The Input force is the force of pulling that means the person is pulling on the rope and the Output force is the force getting pulled by the person that means the weight is getting pulled on.

51 REAL LIFE EXAMPLES OF A PULLEY A pulley system helps you reverse the direction of your lifting force. If you have blinds on the windows in your home, that is an example of a pulley system. The blinds on your windows are a pulley system because it moves the shade up and down. A flagpole is also an example of a pulley system. Flagpoles use pulley systems in order to hoist the flag up or bring it down. A fishing rod and a crane is an example of a pulley system.

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53 Interesting Facts In 1495 by using pulley systems and levers. Leonardo da Vinci probably created the first robot using a pulley system. The origin of the pulleys is uncertain. Historians believe that people from Mesopotamia used them to hoist water in 1500 BCE. The pulley was invented by Archimedes,one of the most famous scientists Archimedes were born in 287 B.C

54 REFERENCES Slide 1: Amadu Slide 3: Kacper Slide 5: Laniya Slide 7:Kacper Slide 2: Roman Slide 4: Kacper Slide 6: Amadu Slide 8: Amadu Transitions: Laniya Model: Roman

55 Compound Machine By: Juliet Jarbi and Zoe Kostopoulos

56 What is a compound Machine? A compound machine is a hybrid of two or more simple machines, For example a bike has a wheel axle system and a pulley system.. A compound machine can allow more complex machines, outputs,and

57 How to use a compound machine A compound machine is made up of one or more simple machines. There are many different types of machines, We will be focusing on a catapult. A catapult is a weighed down beam that swings a sling carrying objects. It makes

58 >Compound Machines have a lot of Friction so they overheat and have poor efficiency. Interesting Facts! > Tanks just like cars have multiple parts but the gun has springs and other parts. >A compound machine can be hard to move since it has more parts then a simple machine.

59 Real life examples!! > A corkscrew is a compound machine it uses a screw and a lever system. You would use this to open a bottle. > A wheelbarrow is a compound machine it uses a wheel and axle and lever system. You would use this to carry heavy objects around.

60 References Group members- Juliet Jarbi & Zoe Kostopoulos

61 credits Slide 1-4 Juliet Slide 5 and 6 Zoe Model Zoe Editing Juliet and Zoe

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63 Question

64 The end!!

65 Work, Power, Mechanical Advantage, and Efficiency Daniel Mosquea

66 Definition Joules: The unit SI of work or energy. Newtons: The SI unit of force. Watts: The unit of power, equivalent to one joule per second, corresponding to the power in an electric circuit in which the potential Meters: 1 meter is approximately in

67 What is work? Work Equation Work ( in joules) =force (in newtons) x distance (meters) w=fd Work- work is done when a force makes an object move. More work is done when the force is increased or the object moved a greater distance. work can be calculated using the work equation on the bottom left of the page.

68 Example of Work Problem Example: A painter lifts a can of paint that weighs 40 N (newtons) a distance of 2 M (meters). How much work did the painter do? Hint: to lift a can of 40 N the painter must exert a force of 40 N.

69 Solution 1. This is what you know: Force:f = 40 N ( newtons ) Distance:d =2 M (meters) 2. This is what you need to find: Work: W =? J 3. This is the procedure you need: Substitute the known values F=40N and D=2m into the work equation W=fd (40N) (2M) = 80 N x M = 80 J. 4. Check your answer: Divide the work you calculated by the distance given in the problem.

70 Images of Work

71 What is power? Power Equation Power ( in watts ) = work ( in joules)/ time (in second) p=w/t Power- what does it mean to be powerful? Imagine two weightlifters lifting the same amount of weight the same vertical distance. They both do the same amount of work. However, the amount of power they use depends on how long it took to do the work. Power is how quickly work is done. The weightlifter who lifted the weight in the less time is more powerful.

72 Example of a Power Problem You did 200 J in 12 seconds. How much power did you use?

73 Solution 1. This is what you know: Work: W = 200 J Time: T= 12 S 2. What we need to find out: power: P =? watts 3.This is the procedure you need to use: substitute the known value w = 200 J and t = 12 s in the power equation: P = w/t = 200J/12S = 17 Watts.

74 How to Check Your Answer 4. Multiply the power calculated by the time given in the problem. The result should be the work given in the problem.

75 Image of Power

76 WHAT IS MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE? Mechanical Advantage Equation Mechanical Advantage = output force (in newtons)/ input force( in newtons) MA= F out/ F in Mechanical advantage: The ratio of the force produced by a machine to the force applied to it, used by assessing the performance of a machine.

77 Input and Output Force of Mechanical Advantage Output Force Input Force The force that a machine applies is the output force. The work that the machine does is the output work. When you use a machine, the output work can never can never be greater than the input work. The work you do on a machine is equal to input force times the distance over which, your force moves the machine. The work that you do on the machine is the input work.

78 Images of input and output force

79 Example of Mechanical Advantage Mechanical Advantage-did you use a machine today? When you think of a machine you might think of a device, such as a car, with many moving parts powered by an engine or an electric motor. But if you used a pair of scissors or a broom, or cut your food with a knife, you used a machine. A machine is simply a device that makes work easier. Even a sloping surface can be a machine.

80 Example of a Mechanical Advantage Problem To pry the lid of a paint can, you apply a force of 50 N to the handle of the screwdriver. What is the mechanical advantage of the screwdriver if it applies a force of 500 N to the lid?

81 Solution 1. This is what you know: input force: F in= 50 N output force: F out = 2. what you to find: mechanical advantage: MA =? 3. This is the procedure you need to use: substitute the known values Fin = 50N and Fout = 500 n in to the mechanical advantage. MA= F out/f in = 500 N/ 50 N =10

82 How to check your work? 4. Check your answer by: multiply the mechanical advantage by input force given in the problem.

83 image of Mechanical Advantage

84 Efficiency - the What is Efficiency? efficiency of a machine is the Efficiency equation Efficiency (in percent) = output work ( in joules)/ input work ( in joules) x100% Eff = W out/ W in x100% ratio of the output work to the input work.

85 Example of efficiency problem Example: using a pulley system, a crew does 7,500 J of work to load a box that requires 4,500 J of work. What is the efficiency of the pulley?

86 Solution 1. This is what you know: input work = W in 7,500 J output work: W out = 4,500 J 2. This is what we need to find out: 3. This is the procedure you need to use: efficiency: eff =? % substitute the known W in = 7,500 J and W out = 4,500 J into the efficiency equation: eff = W out/ W in = 4,500 J / 7,500 J x 100% = 60%

87 How to check your answer 4. To check your work: divide the efficiency by 100% and then multiply your your answer by the work input

88 Image of Efficiency or Lack of

89 Friction- the resistance that What is Friction? one surface or an object encounters when moving over another.

90 Example of friction Which picture has the most friction and which picture has the least friction?

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92 Question based on the video You spinned the pulley 200 times in 400 seconds each second equals 300 joules how many watts did you use? 1 W ( watt ) unit of power measure equals = to 1.00J/s ( joule per second ) as the equivalent measure for the same power type. Energy is expressed in Joules while power is expressed in Watts. And 1 Watt is defined as 1 Joule per second.

93 Bibliography 1. ib/ny /centricity/domai n/264/chap03.pdf 2.

94 INCLINED PLANE MADE BY LITZY G, JONATHAN V, MAXIMUS L, ASHLEY C

95 INTRODUCTION There are many simple machines one in particular is the inclined plane.in this project you will learn about the inclined plane.

96 WHAT IS IT? An inclined plane is a ramp that assists moving heavy objects up and down heights. It is a plane surface set at an angle,other than a right angle against a horizontal surface.with the help of an inclined plane you can roll an object up a sloping surface,with much lesser effort.this is because,the force required to raise an object at a distance is greatly reduced by increasing the distance over which the force must be applied.so the mechanical advantage is the more the distance to be covered,the lesser the force needed to move the load to the raised height.

97 How do i use it? You can use an inclined plane by pushing or pulling an object up or down the slope. If I make the ramp steeper than you ll have to push it a shorter distance but with more force and if the ramp is longer than I will have to push it a greater distance but less force.

98 How does it make work easier? The inclined plane makes work easier because instead of lifting the object straight up you can push or pull it a greater distance but with less force. The amount of work (mechanical energy) remains the same.

99 Interesting facts A wedge is a particular kind of inclined plane (a wedge is two inclined planes back to back ), and a screw is another kind. Ants for example, used inclined planes in building there anthills. People have used inclined planes since even before they were people, about 200,000 years ago. By the time of Old Kingdom Egypt, circa 2500 B.C. We call it an inclined plane because it is a plane-a flat surface- and it is inclined-sloped, Characteristics An inclined plane must have a slope An inclined plane must have a length An inclined plane must have a height An inclined plane must have a mechanical advantage

100 EXAMPLES OF INCLINED PLANES WHEELCHAIR RAMPS SLIDES, WATER SLIDES STAIRS, ESCALATORS LADDERS SKATE RAMP DUMP TRUCK ROLLER COASTER HILLS, MOUNTAINS BATH TUB

101 Inclined Plane Diagram This diagram shows Force and Resistance of this inclined plane. The length is 20 feet and the height is 5 feet. MA represents the Mechanical advantage. You divide 20 feet by 5 feet and the and the Mass Altitude us 4.

102 References Slide 1-Jonathan Slide 2-jonathan Slide 3 jonathan Slide 4- litzy Slide 5-litzy Slide 6- Maximus, litzy Slide 7- litzy Slide 8- ashley Slide 9- litzy Slide 10-litzy All Backgrounds- Ashley C, Litzy G First slide backgroundjonathan V

103 THE END WE HOPE YOU ENJOYED AND THAT YOU LEARNED SOMETHING ABOUT