U N I T. 1. What are Maxine and Debbie talking about? They are talking about. 2. What doesn t Maxine like? She doesn t like. 3. What is a shame?

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Cynthia Clark
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1. Conversation: U N I T 1. What are Maxine and Debbie talking about? They are talking about 2. What doesn t Maxine like? She doesn t like 3. What is a shame? 4.

5 10 15 Maxine Debbie Maxine Debbie Maxine Debbie Maxine Debbie Maxine Debbie - I m worried about my son. - What s wrong?

We used to go to the park and run and play, and we had fun, right? - Yeah. It s a shame that kids these days stay inside the house all day playing video games.

1 1. Conversation: U N I T 1. What are Maxine and Debbie talking about? They are talking about 2. What doesn t Maxine like? She doesn t like 3. What is a shame? 4. Whose fault is it and why? 5. What did Maxine hear on the news? Maxine Debbie Maxine Debbie Maxine Debbie Maxine Debbie Maxine Debbie - I m worried about my son. - What s wrong? - I don t like the fact that he spends so much time playing video games. - Oh, my daughter does that, too. - Do you remember when we were children? We used to go to the park and run and play, and we had fun, right? - Yeah. It s a shame that kids these days stay inside the house all day playing video games. - Well, it s the parents fault that they do that. After all, we buy the games for them. - I m more worried that some kids copy violent video games and hurt other kids at school. - Actually, I heard on the news that bullying in schools is increasing. - We should talk about this at the next PTA meeting. 530 Lesson

2 2a. 次の1-10 の文と下記の写真を組み合わせることはできますか 1. Violent video games are bad for children. 2. Video games can help children learn. 3. Video games can lead to school violence and bullying. 4. Virtual pet games can teach children about responsibility. 5. Video games can be addictive. 6. Video games are a great social activity. 7. Video games can cause obesity. 8. Video games can improve hand-eye coordination. 9. Video games can cause bad eyesight. 10. Video games can improve reflexes. C B A E D I H 議論の余地のあるエッセ G F の記述 J 2b. A: What do you think about (number 1)? B: I (agree / disagree) with the idea that... / I don t know whether ~ or not. How about you? 議論の余地のあるエッセーの記述 / writing a debatable essay 531

3 以下と次の 5 ページに続くエッセーを読みますそのあとに各セクションごとの質問に答えます 3a. The Introduction I think that video games are bad for children and adults. There are three reasons: video games are violent, addictive, and bad for your health. 1. What is the main idea of this essay? The main idea is that 2. Why does the writer think that video games are bad? (What are the reasons?) 3b Paragraph 1 First of all, it s true that there are different kinds of video games such as adventure games, virtual pet games, and puzzles. However, many video games are very violent. Many psychologists support the idea that violent video games are bad for children. Some children think that hitting, kicking, and killing are O.K. because they see it in video games. This can lead to school violence and bullying at school. My husband, David, is a junior high school teacher. He worries that some students might copy violent video games and hurt or bully other students. 3. What is the main idea of paragraph 1? The main idea is that 532 Lesson

4 ビデオゲームが人に悪い影響を与えるという考えは賛成の人も反対の人もいる議論の余地のあるトピックと言えますあなたが議論の余地のあるトピックでエッセーを書く時には手短に反対の見解 (an opposing point of view) についても述べることが重要ですこの目的は書き手がこのトピックに対して深く考えていてこの問題を両方の立場から見ていることを示しますこうすることでエッセーが公平でバランスのとれたものとなります 4. What is the opposing point of view of paragraph 1? There are 反対の見解を表現する一つの方法として it s true that... ( 確かに... である ) のフレーズを使うことができますそしてこのあと However, + 主な見解 (the main point of view) が続きます以下の例を見てみましょう A: English is difficult. ( 反対の見解 ) B: English is also useful. ( 主な見解 ) C: It s true that English is difficult. However, it s also useful. It s true that ~. However, SV... 英文を完成させて F の下線部に記入しなさい D: Japanese students study English in school for six years. E: Many of us cannot speak English well. Why? F: もう一度 paragraph 1 の反対の見解を書きますが今回はそのあとに主な見解が続くように書いてみましょう反対の見解を述べる際の注意点としてもう一点ふつう反対の見解は段落の冒頭近くにあり短くて一文だけのことが多いです反対の見解を手短に述べたあとに主な見解 ( 今回のエッセーでは video games are violent) に戻って強化します反対の見解に戻らないようにしましょう議論の余地のあるエッセの記述議論の余地のあるエッセーの記述 / writing a debatable essay 533

5 3b. 次の paragraph 1 に関する 5-8 の質問に答えなさい 5. What do many psychologists support? They support 6. What do some children think? They think 7. What may this lead to? This can 8. Why does David worry? He 3c. 15 Paragraph 2 Second, studies show that video games can be addictive. While addiction to video games is rare, it s a fact that some people stay home and play video games all day. They don t socialize with other people and they don t go to school or work. Their grades go down because they don t study or they lose their jobs. It s sad that these people are destroying their lives for video games. 9. What is the main idea of paragraph 2? 10. What is the opposing point of view? Addiction 534 Lesson

6 Paragraph 2では反対の見解を while を使って表現していますこの場合の while は I was eating popcorn while watching a movie ( 映画見ながらポップコーン食べてた ) の ~しながらの while ではありませんこの while には ~だが ~けどという意味があります以下の例を見てみましょう G: English grammar is important. ( 反対の見解 ) H: Grammar should not be the final goal. ( 主な見解 ) I: While English grammar is important, it shouldn t be the final goal. While ~, SV... 英文を完成させて L の下線部に記入しなさい J: English grammar is important. K: It is only a tool for communication. L: 次の paragraph 2 に関するの質問に答えなさい 11. What is a fact? It s 12. What don t these people do? They _ 13. What happens to their grades and jobs? Their _ 14. What s sad? It s 議論の余地のあるエッセの記述議論の余地のあるエッセーの記述 / writing a debatable essay 535

7 3d. Paragraph 3 Finally, video games may lead to poor health. While it s true that a few video games require the players to move around, research shows that most video games don t have enough physical activity. It s important that people get some exercise every day such as walking or swimming. However, video game players stay inside the house playing video games so they don t go outside and they don t exercise. Some become overweight or have other health problems. My brother is like that. I hate the fact that he spends so much time inside the house playing video games. He is overweight and his eyesight is bad because he often plays in the dark What is the main idea of paragraph 3? 16. What is the opposing point of view? A few Paragraph 3 では反対の見解を while it s true that (while + it s true that) を使って表現しています文の構造は while の場合と同じです M: Some Japanese people hate English. ( 反対の見解 ) N: Words such as パソコン and ファミリーレストラン are part of the Japanese language. ( 主な見解 ) O: While it s true that some Japanese people hate English, words such as パソコン and ファミリーレストラン are part of the Japanese language. While it s true that ~, SV Lesson

8 英文を完成させて R の下線部に記入しなさい P: The Japanese language uses many English words and phrases. Q: Some of them such as マンション and サラリーマン are strange. R: Section 6a の introduction をもう一度書きます 3e. 次に conclusion を読みます Introduction と似ていることに気付きましょう The Conclusion In conclusion, video games can make players violent, lonely, and sick, and that s why I think that they are bad for children and adults. There s a lot of information available about this topic. Why don t you check it out for yourself? エッセーの最後に疑問文 (There s a lot of information available about video games so why don t you check it out for yourself?) があることに着目しましょうエッセーを疑問文で終わらせることで読み手にそのトピックについて考えさせる機会を与えるのでとても重要です議論の余地のあるエッセの記述議論の余地のあるエッセーの記述 / writing a debatable essay 537

9 4. エッセーの記述のレッスンで学んだ小論文 ( エッセー ) の書き方を今一度振り返ってみましょう The introduction 小論文の主な見解とそれを補う考えを述べます主な見解を補う考えは There are (three) reasons を使って述べられます The body 本論はたいてい 3 つの段落で構成されてることが多いですが段落になっても構いませんそれぞれの段落には序論で述べた主な見解があります Starting the paragraphs 段落はたいてい First of all, Second, Finally などの単語やフレーズで始まります General/personal information 段落の始めに一般的な意見を述べ段落の終わりに個人的な経験を述べると良いでしょう自らの経験は相手に自分の意見を伝える上でとても効果的であり書き手の意見をより確かなものにします The conclusion 結論は基本的には序論と同じことを述べますもし可能であれば異なった言葉を使って述べてみましょうさらに結論では新たな考えを加えないことがとても重要になります小論文の本論で書いていないことは結論でも書かないようにしましょうこのレッスンでは特に議論の余地のあるトピックで効果的な小論文を書く際に役立つ手法を 2 点見てきました Opposing points of view 議論の余地のあるトピックで小論文を書く時に反対の見解を述べることは書き手がこのトピックに対して深く考えていてこの問題を両方の立場から見ていることを示すことになるのでとても重要です段落の冒頭近くで反対の見解を手短に述べると良いでしょう反対の見解を手短に述べた後は主な見解に焦点を当て段落の残りの部分を使って述べますこの時反対の見解に戻らないようにしましょう Ending with a question Why don t you...? などの疑問文や You should try... などの提案で小論文を終わらせることは読み手にそのトピックについて考えさせる機会を与えるのでとても重要です 538 Lesson

10 Making a word map before writing the essay 本書のエッセーの記述のレッスン ( 加えてATLANTIS Higher Learning Iのアドバイスのレッスン ) ではワードマップを使って小論文で必要となる考えを生み出す方法を学びましたワードマップではそれぞれの考えがどのように他と関連しているのか明確にわかるため効果的です中央にトピックを書き主な意見とつなぎますそしてこの主な意見はこれを補う考えともつながっていますそれぞれの主な意見には少なくとも2つか3つの主な意見を補う考えがありこの補う考えは because, so, moreover などと繋げられま 5. すまた such as は例をあげる時に役立つフレーズです以下の議論の余地のあるトピックから 1 つ選び小論文を書いてみましょうもちろんオリジナルなトピックで書いても良いです 1. Japan is a great country. 2. Clubs in school aren t very important. 3. Marriage is necessary. 4. Going to university isn t very important. 5. Japanese education is very good. 6. The Internet is great. 7. There is too much violence on TV. 8. Japan won t be a world leader in the 21st century. 9. Climate change is real. 10. English is important. 議論の余地のあるエッセの記述議論の余地のあるエッセーの記述 / writing a debatable essay 539

U N I T. 1. What are Maxine and Debbie talking about? They are talking about. 2. What doesn t Maxine like? She doesn t like. 3. What is a shame?

U N I T. 1. What are Maxine and Debbie talking about? They are talking about. 2. What doesn t Maxine like? She doesn t like. 3. What is a shame? 1. Conversation: U N I T 1. What are Maxine and Debbie talking about? They are talking about 2. What doesn t Maxine like? She doesn t like 3. What is a shame? 4. Whose fault is it and why? 5. What did